The 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are approaching, and SDGs-11 – Sustainable Cities and Settlements deserves the attention of architects. With the help of the design scheme ...of the Bajau maritime residence, this paper studies the method of optimizing the architectural form through the fitting results of carbon emission calculation. Rhino & Grasshopper parametric platform, Revit and other tools are used to collect and organize the data of building materials, energy consumption and other projects, and the carbon emission factors are used to calculate the carbon emissions of buildings. Finally, by fitting different data line charts, the best results of design scheme optimization are obtained, and the results are verified. This study proposes a new strategy for building form optimization focusing on low-carbon and sustainable goals, which provides a new idea for solving the living problem of the Bajau people, and has an important impact and significance on the realization of green buildings, sustainable design, and SDGs-11.
Automatic extraction of the road surface and road centerline from very high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images has always been a challenging task in the field of feature extraction. Most existing ...road datasets are based on data with simple and clear backgrounds under ideal conditions, such as images derived from Google Earth. Therefore, the studies on road surface extraction and road centerline extraction under complex scenes are insufficient. Meanwhile, most existing efforts addressed these two tasks separately, without considering the possible joint extraction of road surface and centerline. With the introduction of multitask convolutional neural network models, it is possible to carry out these two tasks simultaneously by facilitating information sharing within a multitask deep learning model. In this study, we first design a challenging dataset using remote sensing images from the GF-2 satellite. The dataset contains complex road scenes with manually annotated images. We then propose a two-task and end-to-end convolution neural network, termed Multitask Road-related Extraction Network (MRENet), for road surface extraction and road centerline extraction. We take features extracted from the road as the condition of centerline extraction, and the information transmission and parameter sharing between the two tasks compensate for the potential problem of insufficient road centerline samples. In the network design, we use atrous convolutions and a pyramid scene parsing pooling module (PSP pooling), aiming to expand the network receptive field, integrate multilevel features, and obtain more abundant information. In addition, we use a weighted binary cross-entropy function to alleviate the background imbalance problem. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms several comparative methods in the aspects of classification precision and visual interpretation.
The broadening range of applications for vehicles hasmotivated the evolution of the automotive communication network.
Ethernet has been deployed in production vehicles to build invehiclenetworks ...(IVN) by main manufacturers. To extent Ethernetwith real-time service for future E/E architecture, a time-sensitivenetworking (TSN) profile for automotive Ethernet has been created.
This paper evaluates the implementation of multiple trafficscheduling and shaping mechanisms in the automotive Ethernet,respectively. And we especially focus on two solutions, namely thetime-aware shaping (TAS) and asynchronous traffic shaping (ATS).
To investigate the performance, we introduce a TSN-based automotivegateway testing model in a simulation environment. Furthermore,another two methods, i.e., strict-priority and credit-basedshaper (CBS), as well as TAS and ATS are implemented in themodel and tested within a domain-based IVN scenario. The resultsshow that TAS guarantees the shortest worst-case latency ofhigh-priority streams, whereas it has a longer transmission latencyfor low-priority streams. ATS provides less determinism for highprioritystreams than TAS, but ensures a better average latency ofall streams. KCI Citation Count: 2
We have developed a conceptual design for an active fast light fiber optic sensor (AFLIFOS) that can perform simultaneously or separately as a gyroscope (differential mode effect) and as a sensor for ...strain and other common mode effects. Two Brillouin lasers in opposite directions and separated in frequency by several free spectral ranges are used for this sensor. By coupling two auxiliary resonators to the primary fiber resonator, we produce superluminal effects for the two laser modes. We develop a detailed theoretical model for optimizing the design of the AFLIFOS, and show that the enhancement factor of the sensitivity is ~8.2 x 10 3 , under the optimized condition, when the effective change in the length of the primary fiber resonator is 0.1 pm, corresponding to a rotation rate of 1.4 x 10 -3 deg/sec. With this enhancement factor, the minimum detectable rotation rate is 2.4 x 10 -11 deg/sec when the output power is 1 mW and the measurement time is 1 s, which is ~8.2 x 10 3 times better than that of the passive version with the same parameters. The minimum measurable strain is 1.4 x 10 -2 fε/VHz when 1/4 of the primary resonator is sensitive to strain and the linewidth of the master laser is taken to be 200 Hz. It may be possible to get much higher enhancement by adjusting parameters such as the length of the laser loops and the coupling coefficients.
Clinical evidence supports use of enhanced influenza vaccines in older adults. Few economic outcome studies have compared adjuvanted trivalent inactivated (aIIV3) and standard egg-derived ...quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV4e).
A retrospective cohort study was conducted leveraging deidentified US hospital data linked to claims data during the 2018-19 and 2019-20 influenza seasons. Relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) was compared in adults aged ≥ 65 years receiving aIIV3 or IIV4e using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and Poisson regression. An economic assessment quantified potential real-world cost savings.
The study included 715,807 aIIV3 and 320,991 IIV4e recipients in the 2018-19 and 844,169 aIIV3 and 306,270 IIV4e recipients in the 2019-20 influenza seasons. aIIV3 was significantly more effective than IIV4e in preventing cardiorespiratory disease (2018-19 rVE = 6.2%; and 2019-20 rVE = 6.0%) and respiratory disease (2018-19 rVE = 8.9%; and 2019-20 rVE = 10.1%). During the 2018-19 influenza season cardiorespiratory hospitalization cost savings for the aIIV3 population were $392 M, and $221 M for the 2019-20 season. Respiratory hospitalization cost savings for the aIIV3 population were $145 M and $97 M, respectively.
Our findings suggest that aIIV3 provides clinical and economic advantages versus IIV4e in the elderly.
Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), which evolves from the Ethernet standards, has been developed to ensure deterministic transmission in data networks. Asynchronous Traffic Shaping (ATS) extends the ...conventional synchronized TSN with an asynchronous scheduler to guarantee a bounded transmitting delay. In this work, we present a Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) implementation of a TSN scheduling entity, which leverages ATS for the frame forwarding process. We explore the ATS design by function blocks and compare it with a benchmark design utilizing strict-priority scheduling. In terms of operating frequency, our results indicate that strict-priority scheduling performs 1.05% to 9.56% higher maximum frequency than ATS with the same configurations. Regarding resource utilization, ATS consumes 51% to 119% more logic blocks and 51% to 101% more registers than strict-priority scheduling. Based on the synthesis and fitting results from Register-Transfer Level (RTL) simulations, we provide a general vision of designing and implementing considerations of the ATS function. Specifically, we show the influences of the buffer and bus width configuration on the FPGA implementation scale and data rate.
Background
New acute and preventive migraine medications are available, but data on current treatment patterns are limited. This study describes migraine treatment patterns among patients initiating ...novel acute migraine specific medications (nAMSMs), overall and by prior use of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study using IQVIA open-source pharmacy and medical claims data, we identified patients with ≥ 1 claim for a nAMSM (ubrogepant, rimegepant, lasmiditan) between 01/01/2020 and 09/30/2020 (index period). Patients were indexed on their first nAMSM claim and stratified into 2 cohorts: patients with prior mAb use (≥ 1 claim for erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab in the 6-month pre-index period) or patients without prior mAb use. Treatment patterns were assessed during the 6-month post-index period.
Results
Overall, 78,574 patients were identified (63% indexed on ubrogepant, 34% on rimegepant, and 3% on lasmiditan) with 26,656 patients (34%) having had prior mAb use. In the pre-index period, 79% of patients used non-mAb preventive medications and 75% of patients used acute medications. Following the index nAMSM claim, 65% of patients had ≥ 1 refill and 21% had ≥ 4 refills of their index nAMSM; 10% of patients switched to another nAMSM. Post-index mAb use was observed in 82% of patients with a prior mAb and 15% of patients without. Among patients with pre- and post-index use of acute medications, 38% discontinued ≥ 1 acute medication class in the post-index period. Among patients with concomitant use of traditional preventive medications at index, 30% discontinued ≥ 1 concomitant preventive anti-migraine medication in the post-index period.
Conclusions
Most patients initiating nAMSMs had prior treatment with acute and preventive medications. Approximately one-third of patients had prior treatment with anti-CGRP pathway mAbs. After starting nAMSMs, more than one-third of patients discontinued at least one traditional acute medication and one-third of patients discontinued at least one traditional preventive medication.
Despite nAMSM initiation, most patients with prior anti-CGRP pathway mAb use continued mAb use. Around 15% of patients without a prior mAb newly started a mAb. These results provide insight into how nAMSMs and mAbs have been integrated into clinical management of migraine in the real-world.
Real-world (RW) evidence is needed to evaluate atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (atezo + bev) utilization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in clinical practice. This retrospective cohort study used ...administrative claims databases to evaluate treatment patterns in individuals with HCC ≥18 years of age who were initiated on atezo + bev between June 2020 and June 2022. The endpoints of this study were the proportion of individuals who discontinued atezo + bev and received subsequent systemic therapies, time to discontinuation (TTD), and time to next treatment. Overall, 825 individuals were eligible (median age 67 years; 80% male). Over a median follow-up of 15.3 months, most (72%) discontinued atezo + bev, with a median TTD of 3.5 months. A minority (19%) received subsequent therapies, with the most common second-line agents being lenvatinib (6%), cabozantinib (4%), and nivolumab (4%). The median time from index to next treatment post-atezo + bev was 5.4 months. Further research is needed to identify the patients who are most likely to benefit from atezo + bev as well as later-line HCC therapies to optimize overall survival.
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