Weeping is a specific plant architecture with high ornamental value. Despite the considerable importance of the weeping habit to landscaping applications and knowledge of plant architecture biology, ...little is known regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, growth and phytohormone content were analyzed among the progeny of different branch types in an F1 mapping population of Prunus mume with varying plant architecture. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing was conducted to compare differences among progeny at a transcriptional level. The weeping habit appears to be a complex process regulated by a series of metabolic pathways, with photosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis highly enriched in differentially expressed genes between weeping and upright progeny. Based on functional annotation and homologous analyses, we identified 30 candidate genes related to weeping that merit further analysis, including 10 genes related to IAA and GA3 biosynthesis, together with 6 genes related to secondary branch growth. The results of this study will facilitate further studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying the weeping habit in P. mume.
Enormous clinical and biomedical researches have demonstrated that microbes are crucial to human health. Identifying associations between microbes and diseases can not only reveal potential disease ...mechanisms, but also facilitate early diagnosis and promote precision medicine. Due to the data perturbation and unsatisfactory latent representation, there is a significant room for improvement.
In this work, we proposed a novel framework, Multi-scale Variational Graph AutoEncoder embedding Wasserstein distance (MVGAEW) to predict disease-related microbes, which had the ability to resist data perturbation and effectively generate latent representations for both microbes and diseases from the perspective of distribution. First, we calculated multiple similarities and integrated them through similarity network confusion. Subsequently, we obtained node latent representations by improved variational graph autoencoder. Ultimately, XGBoost classifier was employed to predict potential disease-related microbes. We also introduced multi-order node embedding reconstruction to enhance the representation capacity. We also performed ablation studies to evaluate the contribution of each section of our model. Moreover, we conducted experiments on common drugs and case studies, including Alzheimer's disease, Crohn's disease, and colorectal neoplasms, to validate the effectiveness of our framework.
Significantly, our model exceeded other currently state-of-the-art methods, exhibiting a great improvement on the HMDAD database.
This paper studies the guaranteed cost fuzzy state observer (GCFSO) design via pointwise measurement sensors for a class of distributed parameter systems described by semilinear parabolic partial ...differential equations (PDEs). Initially, a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model is employed to accurately represent the original PDE system in a local region. Then, based on the T–S fuzzy model, a fuzzy state observer is constructed for the state estimation. By augmenting the state estimation error system with the fuzzy PDE system and utilizing Lyapunov technique and Wirtinger’s inequality, a fuzzy state observer design with a guaranteed cost is developed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The resulting fuzzy observer can exponentially stabilize the augmented system while providing an upper bound on the cost function of state estimation error. Moreover, a suboptimal GCFSO design problem is also addressed to make the upper bound as small as possible. Finally, the numerical simulation results on two examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Asia lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an ornamental aquatic plant with high economic value. Flower colour is an important ornamental trait, with much of N. nucifera breeding focusing on its ...yellow flowers. To explore the yellow flower colouration mechanism in N. nucifera, we analysed its pigment constituents and content, as well as gene expression in the flavonoid pathway, in two N. nucifera cultivars.
We performed metabolomic and gene expression analyses in two N. nucifera cultivars with yellow and white flowers, Molinqiuse (MLQS) and Yeguangbei (YGB), respectively, at five stages of flower colouration. Based on phenotypic observation and metabolite analyses, the later stages of flower colouration (S3-S5) were determined to be key periods for differences between MLQS and YGB, with dihydroflavonols and flavonols differing significantly between cultivars. Dihydroquercetin, dihydrokaempferol, and isorhamnetin were significantly higher in MLQS than in YGB, whereas kaempferol was significantly higher in YGB. Most of the key homologous structural genes in the flavonoid pathway were significantly more active in MLQS than in YGB at stages S1-S4.
In this study, we performed the first analyses of primary and secondary N. nucifera metabolites during flower colouration, and found that isorhamnetin and kaempferol shunting resulted in petal colour differences between MLQS and YGB. Based on our data integration analyses of key enzyme expression in the putative flavonoid pathways of the two N. nucifera cultivars, NnFLS gene substrate specificity and differential expression of NnOMTs may be related to petal colour differences between MLQS and YGB. These results will contribute to determining the mechanism of yellow flower colouration in N. nucifera, and will improve yellow petal colour breeding in lotus species.
The goal of this paper is to extend the modified Hestenes-Stiefel method to solve large-scale nonlinear monotone equations. The method is presented by combining the hyperplane projection method ...(Solodov, M.V.; Svaiter, B.F. A globally convergent inexact Newton method for systems of monotone equations, in: M. Fukushima, L. Qi (Eds.)Reformulation: Nonsmooth, Piecewise Smooth, Semismooth and Smoothing Methods, Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1998, 355-369) and the modified Hestenes-Stiefel method in Dai and Wen (Dai, Z.; Wen, F. Global convergence of a modified Hestenes-Stiefel nonlinear conjugate gradient method with Armijo line search. Numer Algor. 2012, 59, 79-93). In addition, we propose a new line search for the derivative-free method. Global convergence of the proposed method is established if the system of nonlinear equations are Lipschitz continuous and monotone. Preliminary numerical results are given to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Foliicolous algae are a common occurrence in tropical forests. They are referable to a few simple morphotypes (unicellular, sarcinoid-like or filamentous), which makes their morphology of limited ...usefulness for taxonomic studies and species diversity assessments. The relationship between algal community and their host phyllosphere was not clear. In order to obtain a more accurate assessment, we used single molecule real-time sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene to characterize the eukaryotic algal community in an area of South-western China.
We annotated 2922 OTUs belonging to five classes, Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Dinophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae. Novel clades formed by large numbers sequences of green algae were detected in the order Trentepohliales (Ulvophyceae) and the Watanabea clade (Trebouxiophyceae), suggesting that these foliicolous communities may be substantially more diverse than so far appreciated and require further research. Species in Trentepohliales, Watanabea clade and Apatococcus clade were detected as the core members in the phyllosphere community studied. Communities from different host trees and sampling sites were not significantly different in terms of OTUs composition. However, the communities of Musa and Ravenala differed from other host plants significantly at the genus level, since they were dominated by Trebouxiophycean epiphytes.
The cryptic diversity of eukaryotic algae especially Chlorophytes in tropical phyllosphere is very high. The community structure at species-level has no significant relationship either with host phyllosphere or locations. The core algal community in tropical phyllopshere is consisted of members from Trentepohliales, Watanabea clade and Apatococcus clade. Our study provided a large amount of novel 18S rDNA sequences that will be useful to unravel the cryptic diversity of phyllosphere eukaryotic algae and for comparisons with similar future studies on this type of communities.
Background: LncRNA PVT1 has been reported to be involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cancer progression. However, the mechanism by ...which LncRNA PVT1 contributes to chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cell, has not been fully elucidated.
Methods: We first generatedLncRNA PVT1-overexpressed MG63 cells and LncRNA PVT1 knockdown MG63/DOX cells. Then, we examined the effect of LncRNA PVT1 on cell viability and colony formation ability by MTT assay and soft agar assay, respectively. In addition, we performed flow cytometry analysis to detect apoptosis induced by GEM. Dual luciferase reporter assay and RIP were used to confirmed the interaction between LncRNA PVT1 and miR-152. Finally, we determined protein level of c-MET, p-PI3K, and p-AKT by westernblot.
Results: LncRNA PVT1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and exhibited the anti-apoptotic property in LncRNA PVT1-overexpressing MG63 cells treated with gemcitabine. While, LncRNA PVT1-depleted MG63/DOX cells treated with gemcitabine exhibited significant lower survival rate and high percentage of apoptosis. Next, we found that LncRNA PVT1 could target and downregulated the level of miR-152. Interestingly, miR-152 greatly rescued the biological outcomes of LncRNA PVT1 not only in MG63 but also in MG63/DOX cells. We observed that LncRNA PVT1 markedly induced PI3K/AKT pathway activation, which was abolished by miR-152 mimics overexpression. Finally, c-MET inhibitor was used to confirm the essential role of c-MET in LncRNA PVT1 and miR-152-regulated PI3K/AKT signaling.
Conclusion: We showed thatlncRNA PVT1 played a contributory role in chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells through c-MET/PI3K/AKT pathway activation, which was largely dependent on miR-152. Our findings advance our understanding of how lncRNA PVT1 promotes chemoresistance of osteosarcoma cells and facilitate development of novel strategies for treating osteosarcoma.
Abstract
This paper aims to deeply understand the influence of different columnar rib spacing on the comprehensive thermal hydraulic performance of miniature columnar rib radiator, and further ...explore the influence of flow and heat flow density Taking 10 miniature columnar rib radiator models as research objects, the single-phase heat transfer process of square miniature columnar rib radiator was studied. The experimental results show that for 10 kinds of miniature columnar rib radiators, the relationship between the maximum temperature difference at the bottom of the ribbed substrate will change with the change of temperature, with linear arrangement and cross arrangement.The maximum and minimum values are, respectively, when the longitudinal spacing is 0.75mm and 0.25 mm, and the maximum and minimum values are, respectively, when the transverse spacing is 0.5 mm and 1.25 mm.
The use of the dual recombinase-mediated intersectional genetic approach involving Cre-loxP and Dre-rox has significantly enhanced the precision of in vivo lineage tracing, as well as gene ...manipulation. However, this approach is limited by the small number of Dre recombinase driver constructs available. Here, we developed more than 70 new intersectional drivers to better target diverse cell lineages. To highlight their applicability, we used these new tools to study the in vivo adipogenic fate of perivascular progenitors, which revealed that PDGFRa+ but not PDGFRa–PDGFRb+ perivascular cells are the endogenous progenitors of adult adipocytes. In addition to lineage tracing, we used members of this new suite of drivers to more specifically knock out genes in complex tissues, such as white adipocytes and lymphatic vessels, that heretofore cannot be selectively targeted by conventional Cre drivers alone. In summary, these new transgenic tools expand the intersectional genetic approach while enhancing its precision.
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•More than 70 new Dre driver lines are provided as a resource for intersectional genetics•PDGFRa+PDGFRb+ or PDGFRa+ perivascular cells contribute to de novo adipocytes•“Exclusion” dual recombinase enables gene deletion in white but not brown adipocytes•Sequential dual recombinase enables gene deletion in lymphatic endothelial cells
The combinatory use of Dre and Cre recombinase-mediated intersectional genetics significantly enhances the precision of in vivo lineage tracing and gene targeting. Han et al. developed more than 70 new intersectional drivers to target diverse cell lineages. Highlighting their application, Han et al. used these new tools to study perivascular progenitors of adipocytes and performed gene knockout in white adipocytes (WAs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs).
This study evaluated the effect of 24-week Taichi training and Taichi plus resistance band training on pulmonary diffusion capacity and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus ...(T2DM). Forty-eight patients with T2DM were randomly divided into three groups: Group A-Taichi training: practiced Taichi 60 min/day, 6 days/week for 24 weeks; Group B-Taichi plus resistance band training: practiced 60-min Taichi 4 days/week plus 60-min resistance band training 2 days/week for 24 weeks; and Group C-controls: maintaining their daily lifestyles. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was applied to predict diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) by fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), von Willebrand Factor (vWF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor, and prostaglandin I-2. Taichi with or without resistance band training significantly improved DLCO, increased insulin sensitivity, eNOS and NO, and reduced fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, TNF-α, vWF, IL-6, ICAM-1, and ET-1. There was no change in any of these variables in the control group. DLCO was significantly predicted (R2 = 0.82) by insulin sensitivity (standard-β = 0.415, P<0.001), eNOS (standard-β = 0.128, P = 0.017), TNF-α (standard-β = -0.259, P = 0.001), vWF (standard-β = -0.201, P = 0.007), and IL-6 (standard-β = -0.175, P = 0.032) in patients with T2DM. The impact of insulin sensitivity was the most important predictor for the variation of DLCO based on the multiple regression modeling. This study demonstrates that 24-week Taichi training and Taichi plus resistance band training effectively improve pulmonary diffusion capacity and blood glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Variation of DLCO is explained by improved insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, and reduced inflammatory markers, including TNF-α, vWF, and IL-6.
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