The effectiveness and mechanism of nano-hydroxyapatite particles (nHAp) in immobilizing Pb and Cd from aqueous solutions and contaminated sediment were investigated. The maximum sorption amount (
Q
...max) of Pb and Cd in aqueous solution was 1.17 and 0.57 mmol/g. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface and depth analysis indicated that dissolution-precipitation is the primary immobilization mechanism for Pb, while surface complexation and intraparticle diffusion account for Cd sequestration. Different amounts of nHAp (0–10% nHAp/dry weight) were added to the contaminated sediment. Sequential extraction showed that nHAp could effectively reduce the exchangeable fraction of Pb and Cd in the sediment and significantly reduce the concentration in porewater. The results in this study showed that nHAp can immobilize Pb and Cd in sediment effectively.
Nano-hydroxyapatite shows potential and advantages to immobilize lead and cadmium in aqueous solution and sediment.
China’s national carbon market has already become the largest carbon market in the world. The prediction of carbon price is extremely important for policymakers and market participants. Therefore, ...the prediction of carbon price in China is of great significance. To achieve a better prediction effect, a multi-factor hybrid model combined with modified ensemble empirical mode decomposition (MEEMD) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network optimized by machine reasoning system on the basis of production rules is proposed in this paper. In addition to historical carbon price, other factors, such as energy, macroeconomy, environmental condition, temperature, exchange rate which affect carbon price fluctuation, are formed as multi-factor. The change characteristics of carbon price time series data and other associated factors are extracted in the carbon price prediction. The MEEMD is used to decompose data which is taken as potential input variables into LSTM neural network for prediction and the machine reasoning system based on production rules can automatically search and optimize the parameters of LSTM to further improve the prediction results. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has better prediction effect, robustness and adaptability than the LSTM model without MEEMD decomposition, the single factor MEEMD-LSTM method and other benchmark models. Overall it seems that the proposed method is an advanced approach for predicting the non-stationary and non-linear carbon price time series.
Carbon price prediction; Multi-factor; MEEMD; LSTM; Production rule.
Objective To understand the risk factors associated with adverse events during exchange transfusion (ET) in severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Study design We conducted a retrospective study of ...infants with hyperbilirubinemia who underwent ET within 30 days of birth from 2015 to 2020 in a children's hospital. Both traditional statistical analysis and state-of-the-art explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) were used to identify the risk factors. Results A total of 188 ET cases were included; 7 major adverse events, including hyperglycemia (86.2%), top-up transfusion after ET (50.5%), hypocalcemia (42.6%), hyponatremia (42.6%), thrombocytopenia (38.3%), metabolic acidosis (25.5%), and hypokalemia (25.5%), and their risk factors were identified. Some novel and interesting findings were identified by XAI. Conclusions XAI not only achieved better performance in predicting adverse events during ET but also helped clinicians to more deeply understand nonlinear relationships and generate actionable knowledge for practice. Keywords: Exchange transfusion, Adverse events, Explainable artificial intelligence, Risk factors
In March 2020, four consecutive circuit breakers in the US stock market underscored the impact of investor sentiment on the stock market. With the development of technology, public opinion and other ...information now spread easily through social media and other channels, indirectly affecting investor sentiment. This makes it important to understand the underlying dynamics of such situations to help manage the market impact of such events going forward. To that end, we analyze investor sentiment, investor structures, and the capital market fuse mechanism using infectious disease dynamics. We use an extension of the SIR (susceptible, infectious, and recovered) model, called the dynamic SIRS model (where individuals return to a susceptible state), to simulate the impact of investor sentiment on the stock market. Accordingly, we study the circuit breakers in the US stock market and the simulation results of the model to analyze the fuse mechanism process in China that triggers a pause in the market based on volatile trading. The results of our study show that when the influence rate of investor mutual communication increases or when the emotional calm rate decreases, investor emotions will start to diffuse, leading to an increase in the probability of either a serious stampede or zealous overbuying in the stock market. At the same time, the trading frequency of investors and the ratio of investors in both buying and selling directions will have a certain formal impact on the direction of the stock market, with the final impact determined by the ratio of normal investors to emotional investors. When emotional investors dominate the market, their emotions are diffused throughout. Our study provides the reference for relevant agencies to monitor and improve the stock market fuse mechanism in the future.
Earthworms were exposed to artificially contaminated soils of DE-71 and DE-79 to investigate the bioaccumulation and bioavailability of PBDEs in soil. All major congeners were bioavailable to ...earthworms. The uptake and elimination rate coefficients of PBDEs decreased with their log
K
ow
s. The biota soil accumulation factors of PBDEs also declined with log
K
ow
. These may be due to the large molecular size and the high affinity of PBDEs to soil particles. The concentrations extracted by Tenax for 6 h correlated very well with those found in earthworms, suggesting that the bioavailability of PBDEs in soil is related to the fraction of rapid desorption from soil. This also indicates that 6 h Tenax extraction is a good proxy for the bioavailability of PBDEs to earthworms in soil. The BSAFs of PBDEs in aged soil decreased 22–84% compared to freshly spiked soil, indicating that aging may diminish the bioavailability of PBDEs in soil significantly.
PBDEs are bioavailable to earthworms in soil and the uptake and elimination rate coefficients and BSAFs declined with their log
K
ow
s.
The aim of this study was to explore the associations between different body mass index (BMI) levels and different lung function impairment (LFI) in Chinese people aged over 40 years.
We used a ...multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to investigate 3000 residents aged over 40 years from 5 areas in Hubei province of China in 2019-20. The data on questionnaire, physical measurements, and spirometry of the participants were collected. The associations of different BMI levels with different LFI were analyzed using multivariate logistic regressions after complex weighting. The spirometry data were analyzed using one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post-hoc was performed using the least significance difference (LSD)-t test.
A total of 2860 subjects were included. The prevalence (95%CI) of obstructive lung disease (OLD), restrictive lung disease (RLD), mixed lung disease (MLD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), COPD mild, and COPD moderate/severe/very severe were 24.1% (95% CI: 22.2-26.2), 11.6% (95% CI: 10.3-12.9), 4.0% (95% CI: 3.3-4.8), 12.6% (95% CI: 11.0-14.1), 7.2% (95% CI: 6.0-8.4), and 5.3% (95% CI: 4.3-6.4) respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the risk of OLD, COPD, and COPD mild decreased with the increment of BMI levels (both P for trend < 0.05). When compared to the normal weight group, the overweight group and obese group were at lower risk of experiencing OLD than normal group, the ORs were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.59-0.99) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.40-0.86) respectively. The obese group was at lower risk for people with COPD mild (OR: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.21-0.85). Participants in underweight group were more likely to experience COPD and COPD moderate/severe/very severe, the ORs were 2.82 (95% CI: 1.07-7.39) and 3.89 (95% CI: 1.28-11.87) respectively.
Higher BMI levels were associated with an decreased risk of OLD and COPD. Obesity had a protective effect on lung function in OLD patients and COPD patients. However, there was no significant difference in RLD and MLD prevalence between different BMI groups.
Based on the DSSW model, we analyze the nonlinear impact mechanism of investor sentiment on stock return and volatility by adjusting its hypothesis in Chinese stock market. We examine the ...relationship between investor sentiment, stock return, and volatility by applying OLS regression and quantile regression. Our empirical results show that the effects of investor sentiment on stock market return are asymmetric. There is “Freedman effect” in Chinese stock market, but only optimistic sentiment has a significant nonlinear impact on stock market returns when the stock market is a balanced market or a bear market. Meanwhile, “create the space effect” does exist in Chinese stock market too. It only exists when the market is in equilibrium, and only pessimistic sentiment has the nonlinear effect on stock market volatility.
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), a calcium-permeable non-selective cation channel, is reported to mediate brain damage following ischemic insults in adult mice. However, the role of ...TRPM2 channels in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury remains unknown. We hypothesize that TRPM2+/− and TRPM2−/− neonatal mice have reduced hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. To study the effect of TRPM2 on neonatal brain damage, we used 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining to assess the infarct volume and whole brain imaging to assess morphological changes in the brain. In addition, we also evaluated neurobehavioral outcomes for sensorimotor function 7days following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. We report that the infarct volumes were significantly smaller and behavioral outcomes were improved in both TRPM2+/− and TRPM2−/− mice compared to that of wildtype mice. Next, we found that TRPM2-null mice showed reduced dephosphorylation of GSK-3β following hypoxic ischemic injury unlike sham mice. TRPM2+/− and TRPM2−/− mice also had reduced activation of astrocytes and microglia in ipsilateral hemispheres, compared to wildtype mice. These findings suggest that TRPM2 channels play an essential role in mediating hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice. Genetically eliminating TRPM2 channels can provide neuroprotection against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and this effect is elicited in part through regulation of GSK-3β.
•TRPM2 plays a role in several neurodegenerative diseases linked to calcium homeostasis, including stroke•We studied the role of TRPM2 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury using postnatal day 7(P7) C57BLJ TRPM2-null mice•TRPM2 deletion reduced HI brain damage, improved neurobehavioral outcomes and reduced immune cell activation in the HI brain•Our results linked the activation of TRPM2 and dephosphorylation GSK-3β with hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice
Nowadays, AC charging piles are widely used, and with the increasing number of charging piles, the harmonic pollution generated by them becomes more serious and affects the power quality of the grid. ...Aiming at the problem of harmonic control of the single-phase AC charging pile, it is decided to apply the active filter technology. The single-phase parallel active filter (PAPF) is selected according to the characteristics of the charging pile. The single harmonic detection method is studied based on instantaneous reactive power theory, and a new adaptive low-pass filter with fixed-step size is proposed to improve the performance of harmonic detection by combining the least mean square (LMS) and the least fourth-order moment (LMF) adaptive algorithms. The PAPF control part adopts the composite control strategy of inner and outer loop combined with repetitive control to complete the voltage stabilization control, harmonic tracking, and compensation. Based on MATLAB/SIMULINK, the output waveforms of the low-pass filter link are simulated and analyzed, and the prototype experiment is carried out. The results verify that the algorithm can improve the performance of harmonic detection. Finally, the single-phase PAPF system simulation is established and the harmonic compensation capability of system is analyzed by the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The results demonstrate that single-phase PAPF can effectively manage harmonics and the total harmonic distortion (THD) is reduced to less than 5%.
Background: Hypertension accounts for 7% of the annual global disease burden, despite great efforts to counter this trend. Thus, interventions targeted at prehypertension might lead to a breakthrough ...for hypertension prevention. This study focused on the prevalence of prehypertension among adults in Central China and the best indicator of prehypertension, which would provide the basis for future interventions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage stratified random sampling in seven counties in Hubei Province. Data from 30,634 survey respondents were analyzed using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve statistical tests, for the prevalence of prehypertension and the predictive ability of body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist circumference (WC) for prehypertension. Results: The prevalence of prehypertension in adults was 42.2%. The following factors contributed to the risk of prehypertension: male sex, elder age, divorce/separation, drinking, heavy labor intensity, and high BMI (p < 0.05). Being a farmer and exercise exhibited positive associations with prehypertension (p < 0.05). Compared with BMI and WHtR, WC had a higher predictive value for prehypertension (area under ROC curve, AUC = 0.630, 95% confidence interval: 0.623-0.637, p < 0.0001), especially for men. The optimal cutoffs of WC for prehypertension were 79.95 cm in men and 76.85 cm in women. Conclusions: The prehypertension rate in adults was high in Central China. Significant factors related to hypertension were identified. More interventions targeting individuals with WC above the cutoff level are needed for timely awareness of prehypertension and early prevention of hypertension.
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