One of the promising and relevant directions in the treatment of oncological diseases is currently the development of a system for the delivery of antitumor drugs based on polyanions. Therefore, the ...aim of this work was to study the specifics of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of a 5-Fluorouracil polymeric complex compared with commercial 5-Fluorouracil.
Monomeric methacrylic acid was used to synthesize polymers; 2-phenylpropane-2-ilbenzodithioate was used for the synthesis of poly(methacrylic acid). To study the molecular-weight characteristics of poly(methacrylic acid) by gel permeation chromatography, an experimental neoplasm model was obtained by grafting PC-1 cancer cells. Blood samples were drawn from the tail vein at different points in time. The rats were sacrificed via decapitation after drawing the last pharmacokinetic blood sample. To study the biodistribution, internal organs were isolated and analyzed. The measurements were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Our results demonstrate that incorporation in a polymeric complex changes the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profile of 5-FU. The polymeric complex was shown to accumulate to a higher level in the lung and spleen.
The results obtained are the basis for further studies to verify the efficacy of the 5-Fluorouracil polymeric complex.
The heating properties of Fe
Si
B
Nb
Ni
amorphous glass-coated microwires are explored for prospective applications in magnetic hyperthermia. We show that a single 5 mm long wire is able to produce a ...sufficient amount of heat, with the specific loss power (SLP) reaching a value as high as 521 W/g for an AC field of 700 Oe and a frequency of 310 kHz. The large SLP is attributed to the rectangular hysteresis loop resulting from a peculiar domain structure of the microwire. For an array of parallel microwires, we have observed an SLP improvement by one order of magnitude; 950 W/g for an AC field of 700 Oe. The magnetostatic interaction strength essential in the array of wires can be manipulated by varying the distance between the wires, showing a decreasing trend in SLP with increasing wire separation. The largest SLP is obtained when the wires are aligned along the direction of the AC field. The origin of the large SLP and relevant heating mechanisms are discussed.
We report on comparison of magnetic properties and GMI effect of as-prepared, annealed and stress-annealed Fe- and Co-rich microwires. Generally after annealing hysteresis loop of Co-rich microwires ...becomes rectangular. Stress annealed Co-rich microwires exhibit lower coercivity as-compared with conventionally annealed samples. Additionally we observed increasing of GMI ratio after stress annealing and its decreasing after conventional annealing. In the case of Fe-rich microwires the hysteresis loops of stress annealed samples present linear shape with low coercivity. Considerable improvement of GMI effect in Fe-rich microwires after stress annealing is observed.
For interpretation of observed changes of hysteresis loops after stress annealing we considered internal stresses relaxation and different mechanisms of stress-induced anisotropy.
Observed versatile properties of stress annealed glass-coated microwires with enhanced and tunable soft magnetic properties make them suitable for technological sensing applications.
Display omitted
•Extremely low switching field in stress-annealed Co-based microwires.•Magnetic softening of Fe-rich microwires after stress-annealing.•Improvement of GMI effect after stress-annealing of Fe- and Co-rich microwires.
Structural characterization (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, and X-ray diffraction, XRD) and temperature dependence of the magnetization are reported in Ni80Si10B10 and Ni75Si15B10 alloy ...ribbons produced by rapid solidification. XDR and DSC measurements lead to confirm the amorphous character of Ni75Si15B10 alloy while the Ni80Si10B10 alloy presents a mixture of amorphous and crystalline (Nickel face-centered cubic) phase. Low-temperature magnetization dependencies were analyzed in terms of spin-wave excitation and fluctuations of the exchange interaction. While both mechanisms are relevant for the high Ni-content alloy, fluctuations of exchange could be ascribed as mechanism for low Ni-content alloy. The effect of annealing (523 and 623 K during 1 h) on the magnetic behavior is also presented. Thus, annealing of Ni75 sample at 623 K also results in appearance of highly magnetic Ni phase.
The influence of internal stresses on magnetic properties of Ni-Mn-Ga glass-coated microwire was investigated. Microwires with Ni63Mn12Ga25 chemical composition, full diameter D = 54.6 μm and ...metallic nucleus diameter d = 26.7 μm, were prepared by Taylor-Ulitovsky technique. An analysis of a separate influence of stresses, generated during the solidification of metal and those induced by the difference between thermal expansion coefficients of metal and glass, on magnetic properties of Ni-Mn-Ga microwire was done. Carrying out the heat treatment for a different time reveals the influence of the first type of stress. Removing the glass coating show the influence of the second type of stress. To analyze a complex influence of stresses we performed a heat treatment of the microwire after glass coating removal. The coercive force, saturation and remanence magnetization and Curie temperature were compared to show stresses influence. The change of easy magnetization axis direction was found for microwire with removed glass coating. A difference in surface grain size was indicated in the annealed glass-coated microwire and microwire, annealed after glass removal.
Display omitted
•Separate influence of stresses on magnetic properties of the microwire was analyzed.•Glass coating removal leads to the increase of magnetic characteristics.•The removal of glass also leads to easy magnetization axis rotation.•Curie temperature does not change with increasing of annealing temperature.•It is related with stresses relaxation due to the glass removal and annealing.
Blood pressure telemonitoring and remote counselling (BPTM) improves blood pressure (BP) control in patients with hypertension (HTN). Studies assessing the efficacy of BPTM from a value-based ...perspective are lacking. We investigated whether BPTM fits all principles of the value-based approach (clinical and economic effectiveness, improvement in patient-reported outcome/experience measures (PROM/PREM)).
Two hundred and forty ambulatory patients with uncontrolled HTN were randomised in a 2: 1 manner to BPTM (n = 160, mean age 47 y.o.) and usual care (UC, n = 80; 49 y.o.) with baseline and 3-month follow-up clinic visits. BPTM employed a mobile application (for patients) and a desktop version (for clinician), which allowed communication and exchange of medical data. The main outcomes were changes in office and ambulatory systolic (S) BPs, rate of BP control. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) were evaluated in economic analysis. The MOS SF-36 score was taken as a PROM, and the PEQ score was used as a PREM.
Larger decreases in office and ambulatory SBPs (-16.8 and −8.9 mm Hg, respectively; p < .05) was achieved in BPTM group while the treatment intensity was equal (2.4 drugs). The ICER 11.1 EUR/-1 mm Hg 24-hour SBP/1 year was 75% effective as per willingness-to-pay threshold. BPTM improved PROM (+2.1 in mean MOS SF-36; p = .04), reduced long-term mortality (+0.11 life years gained), leading to +0.49 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained as compared with UC. The ICUR was 4 169.4 EUR/QALY gained. Patient-reported experience was higher in the BPTM (+10 PEQ, p = .01). The UC group showed minor changes in MOS SF-36 and PEQ (+1.3; +6, respectively; p n.s.).
Being cost-effective, BPTM incorporates both clinical benefits and patient-perceived value. Larger randomised studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Using palladium-catalyzed Suzuki polycondensation, we synthesized new light-emitting fluorene copolymers containing the dicyano derivatives of stilbene and phenanthrene and characterized them by gel ...permeation chromatography, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, and cyclic voltammetry. The photoluminescence spectra of the synthesized polymers show significant energy transfer from the fluorene segments to the dicyanostilbene and 9,10-dicyanophenanthrene units, which is in agreement with the data of theoretical calculations. OLEDs based on these polymers were fabricated with an ITO/PEDOT-PSS (35 nm)/p-TPD (30 nm)/PVK (5 nm)/light emitting layer (70–75 nm)/PF-PO (20 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (80 nm) configuration. Examination of their electroluminescence revealed that copolymers of fluorene with dicyanostilbene show yellow-green luminescence, while polymers with 9,10-dicyanophenanthrene have a greenish-blue emission. The 9,10-dicyanophenanthrene units have a more rigid structure compared to dicyanostilbene and, in OLEDs based on them, an increase in maximum brightness is observed with an increase in the content of the additive to the polymer chain. In particular, the device using fluorene copolymer with 9,10-dicyanophenanthrene (2.5 mol%) exhibited a maximum brightness of 9230 cd/m2 and a maximum current efficiency of 3.33 cd/A.
► Systematic studies of the effect of magnetoelastic anisotropy on DW dynamics of Fe-rich microwires. ► Systematic studies of the effect of the microwires inhomogeneities on DW dynamics of Fe-rich ...microwires. ► Decreasing the magnetoelastic energy domain wall velocity increased. ► We showed that above critical magnetic field new reversed domains nucleate at defects. ► Below critical field we observed almost linear magnetic field dependence of DW velocity.
We studied effect of magnetoelastic anisotropy and role of defects on domain wall (DW) dynamics and remagnetization process of magnetically-bistable Fe-rich microwires. We manipulated the magnetoelastic anisotropy applying the tensile stresses. Application of stresses resulted in decrease of the DW velocity v, and DW mobility S. Consequently, we observed certain correlation between the magnetoelastic energy and DW dynamics in microwires: decreasing the magnetoelastic energy, Kme, DW velocity can be increased. We are trying to reveal contribution of local defects on DW propagation in amorphous microwires. Below some critical magnetic field, Hn, determined by the microwires inhomogeneities, almost linear DW velocity, v on magnetic field, H, dependence is found. When the applied magnetic field exceeds Hn, new reverse domains can be nucleated and consequently tandem remagnetization mechanism can be realized. The role of defects existing in magnetically bistable microwires is related with nucleation of new reversed domains. Abrupt jumps on v(H) dependences correlate with defects existing in microwires. Magnetic field value, corresponding to such jump on v(H) dependences, correlates with the minimum nucleation field, which determines threshold between single and multiple domain wall propagation regimes. In the latter case, under the action of the magnetic field, a new domain can be spontaneously nucleated in front of the propagating head-to-head closure domain. In this way real structure of microwires limits single DW propagation regime.
Introduction: The study objective was to determine which antibiotics are optimal in the treatment of children with complicated acute bronchitis with bronchospasm. For that, a Monte-Carlo simulation ...was conducted.
Materials and methods: The retrospective study was performed on the antibiotic therapy data from 1604 medical records of inpatients from Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation) medical centers admitted with acute bronchitis with bronchospasm. The treatment programs involved cephalosporins, inhibitor-protected penicillins, and macrolides. The starter drug was selected empirically considering the possible etiology and sensitivity of the presumed pathogen to the antimicrobial agents. The input data for the model (Monte-Carlo simulation) were the costs of antibiotic therapy and the probability of the clinical outcome (recovery, or the absence of effect). The probabilities of the clinical outcome were described with β-distribution, while the costs distribution was described using gamma-distribution.
Results and discussion: Most positive clinical outcomes were observed with the use of macrolides, which also provided the lowest CER (cost-efficiency ratio), and are, therefore, optimal pharmacoeconomically. During the trial, the confidence intervals were evaluated for the clinical efficiency (95% CI of the β-distribution curve). The least interval of probable clinical efficiency for the investigated nosology was found for macrolides, which indicates their high clinical efficiency.
Conclusion: Monte-Carlo method visualizes the results of clinical-economical evaluation of any medical technology in one disease compared to another. That is of value for the clinical pharmacologists and health professionals selecting the drugs for healthcare facilities.
PDF
