Reworking research Zou, Hang; Hyland, Ken
Discourse studies,
12/2019, Letnik:
21, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The blog is an increasingly familiar newcomer to the panoply of academic genres, offering researchers the opportunity to disseminate their work to new and wider audiences of experts and interested ...lay people. This digital medium, however, also brings challenges to writers in the form of a relatively unpredictable readership and the potential for immediate, public and potentially hostile criticism. To understand how academics in the social sciences respond to this novel rhetorical situation, we explore how they discoursally recontextualize in blogs the scientific information they have recently published in journal articles. Based on two corpora of 30 blog posts and 30 journal articles with the same authors and topics, we examine the ways researchers carefully reconstruct a different writer persona and relationship with their readers using stance and engagement model. In addition to supporting the view that the academic blog is a hybrid genre situated between academic and journalistic writing, we show how writers’ rhetorical choices help define different rhetorical contexts.
Abstract
Academic communication crucially involves readers, or hearers, buying into an argument. The audience has to be hooked, involved and led to a desired conclusion, and this is perhaps no more ...urgent than in a Three Minute Thesis presentation (3MT). In this competitive environment, doctoral students present their research using only one static slide in just 180 seconds. Speakers are advised to tell a ‘story’ but they must still draw on familiar ways of ensuring their hearers can make connections in their presentation and be willing to accept their argument. In this paper we apply Hyland (2005a) engagement framework to a corpus of 120 3MT presentations to explore how academics establish interpersonal rapport with non-specialist audiences. We find engagement to be a useful analytical tool in this monologic speech context and discover disciplinary preferences in the use of engagement features. Our findings have important implications for postgraduate speaking and for EAP teachers preparing students to orally present their research.
B10 cells are regulatory B cells capable of producing IL-10 for maintaining immune homeostasis. Dysregulation of B10 cells occurs in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Modulation or adoptive ...transfer of B10 cells is a promising therapeutic strategy. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the metabolites of microbiota, play a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and are the potential drugs for the modulation of B10 cells. It is not clear whether and how SCFAs upregulate the frequency of B10 cells. Here, we found that SCFAs could promote murine and human B10 cell generation in vitro. Upregulation of B10 cells by butyrate or pentanoate was also observed in either healthy mice, mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, or mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Moreover, SCFA treatment could ameliorate clinical scores of colitis and arthritis. Adoptive transfer of B cells pretreated with butyrate showed more alleviation of DSS-induced colitis than those without butyrate. A further study demonstrates that SCFAs upregulate B10 cells in a manner dependent on their histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity and independent of the G-protein-coupled receptor pathway. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the MAPK signaling pathway was enriched in B10 cells treated with butyrate. A study with inhibitors of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK demonstrated that activating p38 MAPK by butyrate is critical for the upregulation of B10 cells. Moreover, HDAC inhibitor has similar effects on B10 cells. Our study sheds light on the mechanism underlying B10 cell differentiation and function and provides a potential therapeutic strategy with SCFAs and HDAC inhibitors for inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
Covid‐19 was the greatest public health crisis of a century, accounting for millions of deaths and initiating an urgent surge of published biomedical research. In this climate of social anxiety, ...researchers scrambled to publicize their work and achieve a medical breakthrough. The use of journal highlights, a brief bullet pointed list summarising the novel results of a study, is an important tool in this promotional endeavour. In this study we focus on the stance taken by authors in this genre by examining 300 highlights dealing with the virus and comparing them with 300 from articles in the same 16 journals on other issues. Our results show significantly greater use of stance markers in the Covid highlights with hedges, boosters and self‐mention particularly marked. Our study offers both a description of stance in highlights and an understanding of the potential impact of the intense, high‐stakes competition generated by the pandemic in biomedical publishing. We believe this offers a valuable contribution to the literature on stance, academic discourse and rhetorical persuasion.
摘要
新冠疫情是自上世纪以来最为严重的全球公共卫生危机之一, 导致数百万人生命不幸逝去。研究人员全力投入相关的研究工作, 生物医学领域的研究论文数量急剧增加, 以为抗击疫情提供科学依据。期刊论文的研究亮点 (Highlights) 部分被用来概括和总结文章的创新之处或重要结论, 具有学术推介的作用。本研究基于收集的来自生物医学领域的16本学术期刊中300篇新冠疫情研究亮点和非疫情类研究亮点, 系统性地探究了作者在这两类研究亮点语篇中, 展示其立场和研究工作的差异性。研究结果揭示了话题、语境、受众等因素对于研究亮点中研究者立场表达的影响:在新冠疫情相关的研究亮点语篇中, 作者更高频地使用了立场表达元话语资源, 例如模糊语、增强语以及自我提及元话语。研究结论对于研究亮点语篇中的立场表达和说服性修辞策略的运用具有实际指导意义, 可帮助研究者在由疫情催生的激烈的学术发表竞争中, 有效地推广自己的研究成果, 获得学术认可。
Abstract
We have clarified the study area has a history of 65 years and has been restored for 6 years. This study investigated the carbon storage characteristics of undisturbed natural forests and ...restored mining vegetation in Yunnan Province, China. The goal was to quantify carbon reserves and increments to inform ecological restoration strategies. Four vegetation components (tree, shrub, herb, litter) and five soil layers (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–60 cm) were analyzed. In natural forest, the tree layer stored 60% of carbon (273 Mg ha
−1
), overwhelmingly dominating vegetation carbon stocks. Shrub, herb, and litter layers each comprised < 1%. Surface soil layers (0–30 cm) stored 64% of soil carbon. In the restored mining area, the tree layer contributed 75% of vegetation carbon increment (16 Mg ha
−1
), though stocks were lower than natural forest. Soil layers showed the highest carbon increment (69%) despite lower biomass than natural conditions. Unexploited forests thus exhibit robust carbon storage, while restored mining areas have weaker carbon gains, indicating recovery potential. Strategic interventions targeting soil quality, stimulating vegetation growth, and increasing carbon sequestration could significantly augment reserves and ecological functionality. Prioritizing vegetation succession and soil revitalization are paramount to ensuring ecological integrity and sustainable development. Fostering a positive regional ecological feedback loop will be pivotal. This research quantifies carbon storage differences between undisturbed and restored mining areas, highlighting soil and vegetation as critical targets for optimizing carbon sequestration and ecosystem recovery in degraded environments.
People should get their booster Zou, Hang (Joanna); Hyland, Ken
International journal of corpus linguistics,
2/2024
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract Debates around the efficacy and dangers of vaccination have taken on critical importance with the Covid pandemic and WHO naming vaccine hesitancy as a major global health threat. We explore ...how writers use two types of blog, academic and journalistic, to promote key public health messages around the effectiveness and necessity of Covid-19 vaccinations to a broad, heterogeneous audience. Examining 120 Covid-19 vaccination themed posts from reputable news and academic blog sites, we compare the different ways writers present a stance and take a position towards vaccines and vaccinations in these different interactional contexts. Findings show that both types of bloggers are clearly aware of the need to convey a stance towards their topic and audiences feel entitled to position themselves in relation to vaccination issues, but with different emphases. The study has important implications for how healthcare information is disseminated and persuasion accomplished in these public arenas of discourse.
Stance in academic blogs and three‐minute theses Zou, Hang (Joanna); Hyland, Ken
International journal of applied linguistics,
July 2022, 2022-07-00, 20220701, Letnik:
32, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper reports a cross‐genre study of how academics show authorial stance in two increasingly popular but underexplored academic genres: academic blogs and Three Minute Thesis (3MT) ...presentations. Based on a corpus of 75 academic blogs and 75 3MT talks from social sciences, we explore how academics represent themselves and their research to non‐specialist audiences in two very different contexts. We found that the 3MT presenters used more stance resources and took stronger positions, largely by indicating certainty and creating a more visible authorial presence. Academic bloggers, on the other hand, preferred to downplay their commitment and highlight affect. The variations are explained in terms of mode and context, especially the time‐constrained and face‐to‐face competitive nature of the spoken genre and the potential for critical feedback in the blogs. The findings demonstrate the salience of stance in the two genres and role of context in academic communication. It has important implications for scholars who are seeking to take their work to new audiences in perhaps unfamiliar genres.
抽象
本文从跨语类视角系统探究了学术博客和三分钟学术演讲中立场观点元话语资源的使用差异。基于来自社会科学领域75篇学术博客和75篇三分钟学术演讲的自建语料库, 探讨了作者如何在两种截然不同的语境中向非本专业领域受众展示自身立场及研究工作。我们发现:三分钟学术演讲者使用了更多的立场表达元话语资源, 增强了话语表达的肯定性, 能更鲜明地表明自身立场;学术博客作者则倾向于使用模糊语, 突出其情感态度。从体裁及语境角度分析了上述差异产生的原因, 例如:特定时间限制、口语体裁中面对面交际的即时性特征、博客中的批评性反馈因素等。研究结果揭示了两种新型学术语篇体裁中作者立场表达的特征以及语境的重要作用, 相关成果对研究者利用新型学术语篇体裁向不同背景读者呈现研究工作具有重要的实践指导意义。
关键词
三分钟学术演讲;学术博客;语境;交际;立场表达
Ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) is used to recovery shallow geothermal energy, a widely distributed green energy source. Due to the imbalance between heat rejection and extraction, heat buildup ...underground is commonly associated with the long-term operation of GCHPs, which undermine system performance. Heat buildup intrinsically results the irreversibilities (entropy production) in subsurface heat sink, in which thermodynamic and transport properties are largely influenced by hydrogeologic properties, especially the existence of fractures and groundwater. This study investigates the influence of water flow in fractures on the thermodynamic performance of a single borehole heat exchanger (BHX) and heat buildup in the underground heat exchange zone (UHXZ). Potential influence factors were screened out, and new terms were proposed to quantify the scale of fractures and available heat and cold in the heat sink. Governing equations were established to calculate the impacts of vertical and horizontal fractures on the heat exchange rate in BHX as well as on the heat flow across the UHXZ. The analysis results show that water flow in fractures can significantly enhance heat transfer, reduce required number of boreholes, mitigate heat buildup and reduce irreversibilities underground. The results also suggest that the role of fracture scales and water velocity in GCHP operation should be carefully evaluated. Therefore, detailed hydrogeological survey is necessary. The study results provide a guide on more accurately evaluating the risk of heat buildup and how to take advantage of hydrogeological characters to improve the performance of GCHPs.
Horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHEs) have advantages such as convenient construction and low cost; however, their application and popularization are restricted owing to traditional linear HGHEs ...occupying large space and presenting low total heat transfer capacity. Spiral-coil and slinky-coil HGHEs have been proposed, but currently a comprehensive comparison and evaluation for these types of HGHEs are still needed. In this study, a three-dimensional heat transfer model of the three types of HGHEs for ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) was established. Based on the simulation results, the long-term heat transfer performances were investigated, including the temperature field of surrounding energy-storage soils, outlet working fluid temperature, coefficient of performance (COP) of units, and surplus temperature of the energy-storage soils. A new concept named heat transfer capacity per heat-affected area was proposed in this paper. It is found that the spiral-coil HGHEs have the best performances in terms of working-fluid outlet temperature, unit COP, total heat transfer capacity, heat transfer rate heat-affected area. The linear HGHEs shows the best performances in terms of mitigating heat imbalance risk and heat transfer rate per length. The results provide a reliable basis for selection of HGHE types in engineering practice and improvement guide in the future.
Efficient organic photosensitizers (PSs) have attracted much attention because of their promising applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, guidelines on their molecular design are rarely ...reported. In this work, a series of PSs are designed and synthesized based on a triphenylamine-azafluorenone core. Their structure–property-application relationships are systematically studied. Cationization is an effective strategy to enhance the PDT efficiency of PSs by targeting mitochondria. From the molecularly dispersed state to the aggregate state, the fluorescence and the reactive oxygen species generation efficiency of PSs with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) increase due to the restriction of the intramolecular motions and enhancement of intersystem crossing. Cationized mitochondrion-targeting PSs show higher PDT efficiency than that of nonionized ones targeting lipid droplets. The ability of AIE PSs to kill cancer cells can be further enhanced by combination of PDT with radiotherapy. Such results should trigger research enthusiasm for designing and synthesizing AIE PSs with better PDT efficiency and properties.
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