Our objective is to assess the characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in adult patients and to establish differences with influenza viruses. Fifty‐four patients diagnosed with ...RSV and 198 with influenza were prospectively included. Compared with influenza, empirical antimicrobial therapy was more frequent in patients diagnosed with RSV, whereas antibiotic withdrawal at the time of diagnosis confirmation was lower (OR, 0.12; CI, 95% 0.01‐0.90; P = 0.040). RSV‐positive patients were more likely to need hospital readmission (OR, 3.00; CI, 95% 0.98‐9.09; P = 0.053). The role of RSV infection in adults is often overlooked, leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics and a probable increase in nosocomial RSV transmission.
Highlights
The prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection is high during flu season. ‐ Clinical findings are similar between respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. ‐ Antibiotic therapy was withdrawn in only 7% of patients diagnosed with RSV. ‐ Influenza was associated with a higher percentage of antibiotic withdrawal.
A series of LaNiO3 perovskite-type oxides were synthesized and the influence of the preparation methodology and partial substitution of Ni by Rh on the performance of these solids in the dry ...reforming of methane was studied. The precursor perovskite-type oxides were synthesized by the citrate sol-gel method and by co-precipitation using K2CO3 as precipitating agent. An additional LaNiO3 sample used as reference was prepared by impregnation of La2O3 with a nickel nitrate solution. Characterization of the synthesized perovskite-type oxides was followed by X-ray diffraction (ex situ and in situ), nitrogen adsorption, temperature-programmed reduction and photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, structural and surface changes produced during reaction were followed by techniques such as thermogravimetric analyses, electron microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. Highly homogeneous and crystalline oxides were obtained with various particle sizes depending on the synthesis method. Results show influence of the synthesis procedure on the catalytic performance of these solids by formation of different lanthanum phases during reaction. It is observed that at low reaction temperatures (400-500 deg C), all samples presented similar activity while at higher temperatures (550-600 deg C) the solid prepared by impregnation was more active. Partial substitution of nickel by rhodium (5% mol) produces an increase in the catalytic activity. No deactivation of all synthesized solids was observed after 24 h on-stream.
Highlights • We measured the protective capacities of OMVsBpPagL formulated as TdapOMVsBpPagL. • We examined the protective capacities of TdapOMVsBpPagL against different genotypic backgrounds. • ...Protection against circulating bacteria was observed. • TdapOMVsBpPagL vaccine induced long-lasting immunity. • Vaccines containing OMVsBpPagL are safe.
Several podophyllotoxin derivatives modified in the A, B, C, D and E rings were prepared from podophyllotoxin and methyl isoxazopodophyllic acid and evaluated for their cytotoxicity on several ...neoplastic cell lines. Chemical transformations performed on these compounds have yielded derivatives more potent and more selective that the parent compound. Most of the compounds maintained their cytotoxicity at the μM level. Distribution, biosynthesis, production, biotechnology, applications and synthesis have also been reviewed.
•Children with COVID 19 disease are less symptomatic but they can be potential agents of transmission.•Most children with symptoms from COVID 19 disease (cough, fever, respiratory difficulties) show ...bnormalities in CXR.•Findings in CXR are non-specific and superimpose on other viral pneumonias.•Peripheral distribution of lung abnormalities is not a distinctive feature in paediatric population.•CXR have a role in the management of the disease in children.
The outbreak of COVID-19 has become pandemic. Pediatric population has been less studied than adult population and prompt diagnosis is challenging due to asymptomatic or mild episodes. Radiology is an important complement to clinical and epidemiological features.
To establish the most common CXR patterns in children with COVID-19, evaluate interobserver correlation and to discuss the role of imaging techniques in the management of children.
Forty-four patients between 0 and 16 years of age with confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection and CXR were selected. Two paediatric radiologists independently evaluated the images and assessed the type of abnormality, distribution and evolution when available.
Median age was 79.8 months (ranging from 2 weeks to 16 years of age). Fever was the most common symptom (43.5 %). 90 % of CXR showed abnormalities. Peribronchial cuffing was the most common finding (86.3 %) followed by GGOs (50 %). In both cases central distribution was more common than peripheral. Consolidations accounted for 18.1 %. Normal CXR, pleural effusion, and altered cardiomediastinal contour were the least common.
The vast majority of CXR showed abnormalities in children with COVID-19. However, findings are nonspecific. Interobserver correlation was good in describing consolidations, normal x-rays and GGOs. Imaging techniques have a role in the management of children with known or suspected COVID-19, especially in those with moderate or severe symptoms or with underlying risk factors.
Emissions standards are increasingly stringent due mainly to its impact on the environment. Although the diesel engine is an attractive solution for carbon dioxide reduction, a challenge remains to ...simultaneously control nitrogen oxides and matter particulate emissions to accepted levels. On engine tests, it has been observed that Fischer–Tropsch diesel significantly reduces CO, HC, PAHs and particulate emissions compared to oil derived diesel. However, selectivity control in Fischer Tropsch Synthesis is still a key challenge due the Anderson-Schultz-Flory polymerization mechanism followed by hydrocarbon distribution. In this work we are presenting the first steps towards a new strategy that can tune, in one step, the selectivity to desired products by taking advantage of the shape selectivity properties of SBA-15 mesoporous silica used as support.
Co-SBA-15 (30%wt) catalysts with different pore size were prepared by excess solution impregnation. Our results show that pore diameter not only affects the size and reducibility of Co particles but it also significantly influence the liquid products distribution, with the high molecular weight hydrocarbon fraction increasing on large pores, attributed to the existence of a shape selectivity effect induced by the textural properties of the catalyst namely its pore size and pore volume.
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•We synthesize and evaluate catalysts to produce diesel fraction components in FTS.•Pore diameter significantly influences the liquid products distribution.•The catalyst with smaller pore size showed a deviation from the ASF mechanism.
Value is often associated with reward, emphasizing its hedonic aspects. However, when circumstances change, value must also change (a compass outvalues gold, if you are lost). How are value ...representations in the brain reshaped under different behavioral goals? To answer this question, we devised a new task that decouples usefulness from its hedonic attributes, allowing us to study flexible goal-dependent mapping. Here, we show that, unlike sensory cortices, regions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC)-usually associated with value computation-remap their representation of perceptually identical items according to how useful the item has been to achieve a specific goal. Furthermore, we identify a coding scheme in the PFC that represents value regardless of the goal, thus supporting generalization across contexts. Our work questions the dominant view that equates value with reward, showing how a change in goals triggers a reorganization of the neural representation of value, enabling flexible behavior.
A series of Ni-based perovskite-type oxides LaNiO
3, La
0.8Ca
0.2NiO
3 and La
0.8Ca
0.2Ni
0.6Co
0.4O
3, were synthesized as catalyst precursors both bulk and built-in a highly ordered mesoporous ...SBA-15 silica-host with the aim of using them as heterogeneous catalysts in syngas production by the methane dry reforming with CO
2. The solids were characterized by means of FT-IR, XRD, BET surface area and TPR techniques. All synthesized oxides showed a perovskite-type structure. Incorporation of the oxides into the mesoporous silica-host generates a higher metal–support interaction increasing the Ni reduction temperature. A decrease in CH
4 and CO
2 conversion was observed when a second cation in A- and/or B-site was added to the bulk perovskite. The built-in of these solids in the SBA-15 mesoporous silica-host allows working at lower temperature with an increase in conversions and selectivity towards syngas which represent an attractive perspective for industrial application.
In the last years, it has been reported that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are able to differentiate towards a neuronal phenotype, in vitro as well as in vivo, and consequently, the possible use ...of these cells for the treatment of neurological diseases has acquired enormous importance. The objective of this review is to discuss the experimental findings that suggested the utility of BMSC for the treatment of paraplegia, and the possibilities of its clinical application in patients. For this reason, we revise our previous experimental findings about neuronal transdifferentiation of BMSC, and the utility of local BMSC transplantation in an experimental model of chronic paraplegia. Our current experience supports that a neural transdifferentiation of BMSC is possible after these mesenchymal stem cells are transplanted into injured spinal cord tissue. Furthermore, this cell therapy achieves a clear functional improvement of paraplegic animals, together with morphological evidence of spinal cord regeneration. Although at present our efforts should be guided to obtain a better knowledge of the mechanisms of nervous regeneration induced by bone-marrow derived stem cells, it is obvious that cell therapy for nervous system repair is beginning, and BMSC transplantation offers new hope for the treatment of traumatic paraplegia in humans.
A juvenile dog referred with a 1‐month history of persistent melena and severe anaemia, was diagnosed with a jejunal arteriovenous malformation, and multiple acquired extrahepatic portosystemic ...shunts. A midline coeliotomy was performed, the jejunal arteriovenous malformation was localised intraoperatively and was successfully removed via an enterectomy. Histopathology confirmed a true arteriovenous malformation. Despite the initial improvement, the patient developed seizure episodes secondary to hepatic encephalopathy 8 months after surgery. Fifteen months after surgery, the owner opted for euthanasia due to the ongoing seizure episodes. Post‐mortem histologic examination of the liver showed features consistent with portal vein hypoplasia. A congenital arteriovenous malformation should be considered as a differential diagnosis in juvenile patients with a chronic history of haemorrhage from the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, acquired portosystemic shunts may occur in patients with portal vein hypoplasia and jejunal arteriovenous malformations.
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