Considerations about water intrusion underground by capillarity, also understood as suction force is a physical quantity that influence the dynamics of process and interaction between freshwater and ...saline water. This paper presents an investigation of the behaviour of groundwater flow and interactions between freshwater and saline water in the discharge region of a river. This study aimed to conduct a predictive modelling to identify and represent the river water intrusion in water table comparing different salt concentrations in river water and groundwater. The conceptual model was defined as a river discharge region. The modelling was performed using software SUTRA finite element solution method. Formation of layer of fresh water over the salinized water table was observed when considered a simulation with a freshwater intrusion. For considerations about saline water intrusion a formation of fingers was identified. From the results of model it was possible to observe that the intrusion of freshwater in water table is complicated by the presence of salts. The intrusion is more difficult as concentration of salts increases in the groundwater.Original Abstract: Para consideracoes de intrusao de agua em meio subterraneo a capilaridade, tambem entendida como forca de succao, e uma grandeza fisica que influencia a dinamica do processo. Neste trabalho e apresentada uma investigacao do comportamento do escoamento subterraneo e as interacoes entre agua doce e agua salinizada na area de descarga de um rio. Objetivou-se realizar uma modelagem preditiva para identificar e representar o processo de intrusao das aguas de um rio meio ao lencol freatico comparando diferentes concentracoes de sais nas aguas do rio e aguas subterraneas. Como modelo conceitual foi definido um rio em regiao de descarga. A modelagem foi realizada no software SUTRA sendo o metodo de solucao por elementos finitos. Observou-se a formacao de uma camada de agua doce sobre o lencol freatico salinizado quando considerada intrusao de agua doce. Para as consideracoes com intrusao de agua salinizada foi identificada a formacao de fingers. Os resultados do modelo possibilitaram identificar que a intrusao de agua doce no lencol freatico salinizado e dificultada pela presenca de sais. A intrusao e mais dificil quanto maior a concentracao de sais nas aguas subterraneas.
Flow cytometry (FC) is a useful adjunct to fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNC) in evaluating lymphoproliferative disorders. The authors present a critical review of 307 lymph nodal and extra lymph ...nodal lymphoproliferative disorders that were diagnosed with FNC and FC.
FC was performed over a 4-year period on 185 palpable and 122 impalpable lymph nodal and extra lymph nodal lymphoproliferative processes under ultrasound or computed tomography guidance. FC was performed using the following fluoresceinated antibodies: CD3, CD4/CD8, CD2/CD7/CD3, CD5/CD10/CD19, CD19/kappa/lambda, FMC7/CD23/CD19, CD38/CD56/CD19, and bcl-2. The series included 15 inadequate, 10 suspicious, and 135 benign reactive hyperplasias (BRHs); 70 primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), and 77 recurrent NHLs (rNHLs). FC/FNC diagnoses of suspicious, NHL, and rNHL were controlled either histologically or clinically or by the interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstration of t(11;14)(q13;q32) in two cases of mantle cell lymphoma. BRHs were controlled by follow-up. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the FC/FNC diagnoses of NHL, rNHL, and BRH were calculated as well as the identification of specific subtypes among the small- and medium-sized cells.
Statistical analysis showed 93% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, and 91% NPV in NHL, rNHL, and BRH discrimination. The subclassification of small cell and medium-sized NHLs showed 63% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 95% PPV, and 37% NPV.
FC applied to FNC enhanced the precision of cytologic diagnosis in lymph nodal and extra lymph nodal lymphoproliferative disorders and allowed further subclassification in more than half of the cases, thus avoiding invasive surgical biopsies in many patients.
Contents
A 30‐year‐old Standardbred stallion was examined for unilateral scrotal swelling. Physical and ultrasound examinations revealed a painless enlarged left testis with a non‐homogeneous ...echogenicity, when compared with the controlateral testis. The stallion underwent left unilateral orchiectomy. Grossly, the excised testis was irregularly enlarged (12 × 9 × 9 cm; weight: 530 g) and firm. The sections showed that testicular parenchyma was replaced by a lobulated, greyish‐white mass, which involved the epididymal head. At microscopy, a dual Leydig and Sertoli cell tumour component could be seen. Neoplastic Sertoli cells were prevalent and presented pleomorphic cells, mitotic figures and occasional vascular invasion. Tumour patterns showed tubular and solid areas, cord‐like or diffuse in appearance, among which newly formed Leydig cell nests and low‐density fibrillar bundles were interposed. Immunohistochemically, a weak to moderate immunostaining for vimentin, AE1/AE3 cytokeratin, α‐1‐antitrypsin and CD99 antigens was found in the growing Sertoli cells, whose nuclear MIB‐1 labelling index scored 13 ± 2%. The Leydig tumour cells, on the other hand, displayed a moderate to strong positivity for α‐inhibin, vimentin, AE1/AE3 cytokeratin, neurone‐specific enolase and CD99. On the basis of these findings, a diagnosis of malignant mixed sex cord‐stromal tumour was made.
The first simultaneous determination of the absolute value of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element V_{ub} using inclusive and exclusive decays is performed with the full Belle data set at the ...ϒ(4S) resonance, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 711 fb^{-1}. We analyze collision events in which one B meson is fully reconstructed in hadronic modes. This allows for the reconstruction of the hadronic X_{u} system of the semileptonic b→uℓνover ¯_{ℓ} decay. We separate exclusive B→πℓνover ¯_{ℓ} decays from other inclusive B→X_{u}ℓνover ¯_{ℓ} and backgrounds with a two-dimensional fit that utilizes the number of charged pions in the X_{u} system and the four-momentum transfer q^{2} between the B and X_{u} systems. Combining our measurement with information from lattice QCD and QCD calculations of the inclusive partial rate as well as external experimental information on the shape of the B→πℓνover ¯_{ℓ} form factor, we determine |V_{ub}^{excl}|=(3.78±0.23±0.16±0.14)×10^{-3} and |V_{ub}^{incl}|=(3.88±0.20±0.31±0.09)×10^{-3}, respectively, with the uncertainties being the statistical error, systematic errors, and theory errors. The ratio of |V_{ub}^{excl}|/|V_{ub}^{incl}|=0.97±0.12 is compatible with unity.
The presence of pesticides in fruits and vegetables has been a growing concern in Argentina. Only three of the major marketplaces there have the necessary infrastructure to determine pesticide ...residues in produce. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of such residues in nationally produced fruits and vegetables for domestic consumption in order to evaluate the present state of the market. A total of 135 of the most widely consumed fruits and vegetables were analyzed for 35 pesticides. The analyses utilized a QuEChERS™ multiresidue-extraction kit along with tandem gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results were evaluated according to maximum residue limits (MRLs) for each commodity and pesticide according to national regulation. Pesticides were detected in 65% of the total samples, in 44% of the positive samples at or below the MRLs, and in 56% above the MRLs. Oranges had the highest pesticide concentration detected, but carrots had the highest frequency of noncompliance among the produce items sampled. Five pesticides were detected at frequencies above 10%, the highest being chlorpyrifos in 25.9% of the total samples. In other countries, the percentage of samples above the MLR is 4 times lower than our findings, and 7 times lower for exported products. An implementation of programs designed to facilitate awareness, capacitation, and monitoring is urgently recommended.
•Of 135 samples, 88 had at least one pesticide residue and 53 with two or more.•Of the positive samples, 39 were at or below and 49 above, the MRLs.•Chlorpyrifos was the most frequently found, but epoxiconazole was more often > MRL.•The produce-control system contains a significant degree of permeability.•The creation of programs to minimize exposure to pesticides via foodstuffs is urgent.
Monitoring food quality is a critical task for analytical chemistry and an important way to preserve human health. Fish is a valuable source of highly digestible proteins and contains large amounts ...of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Since the world's wild fish stocks are limited, farmed fish is nowadays proposed as an alternative to consumers. It is now emerging that the fish muscle protein content is assuming great importance from an aquaculture perspective. Many data have been collected on the physiology and biochemistry of fish muscle, but few proteomic studies are available on farmed fish. Application of proteomics to aquaculture may play a key role in the development of new farming strategies. In this paper, a proteomic approach based on SDS−PAGE separation of proteins, in situ protein hydrolysis, de novo sequencing of peptides by MALDI and ESI MS2, protein identification, and relative quantitation of protein by denaturing capillary electrophoresis was coupled with the determination of fatty acids and metal ions content by GM-MS and ICPMS in farmed and wild sea bass filet. Our results show that aquaculture could induce significant chemical and biochemical differences in fish muscle that may have an impact on food quality.
This work reports values of the density, refractive index and speed of sound of the binary mixtures acetone or methanol with (2-methyl, 1-propanol, 3-methyl, 1-butanol, 1,2-ethanediol, ...1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol) at 298.15 K and atmosphere, as a function of the mole fraction. From the experimental values, the corresponding excess and derived magnitudes were computed (excess molar volumes, changes of refractive index on mixing and changes of isentropic compressibility on mixing), variable-degree polynomials being fitted to the results. Only expansive trend was observed for those mixtures enclosing branched alcohols. The influence of the hydroxil group in the nonideal behaviour of these mixtures were analyzed in terms of the partial molar excess volumes.
Beam background study for the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector Tanigawa, H.; Adamczyk, K.; Aihara, H. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2020, Letnik:
982
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Belle II experiment aims to accumulate 50ab−1 of e+e− collision data at the SuperKEKB asymmetric energy collider (Tsukuba, Japan). The first physics data using all Belle II detectors were taken ...in spring 2019.
In the vast physics program of the Belle II experiment, the vertex detector plays a crucial role for the determination of the B-meson decay vertices. It consists of two inner layers of pixelated silicon detectors and four outer layers of double-sided silicon strip detectors (SVD).
To achieve a design luminosity of 8×1035cm−2s−1, 40 times higher than the recorded luminosity of its predecessor, the SuperKEKB collider squeezes the beams to a vertical size of 50 nm (“nano-beam scheme”) and doubles the beam currents.
Therefore, the detectors are required to tolerate intense beam induced background due to the very high luminosity. During the 2019 spring run we measured the occupancy rate in the SVD to estimate the level of the beam induced background. With the low initial luminosity, the observed beam induced background mostly originated from Touschek processes and beam-gas scattering within individual beams. Since these different background contributions depend differently on accelerator conditions, such as the beam current, beam size and pressure, they can be disentangled. We estimate the background rate of each contribution and compare them with simulated ones. The results enable us to predict the background levels at increased beam currents and luminosity in the coming years. They also hint at background mitigation measures for running at higher luminosity. In this proceeding we present the results of our study of the beam induced background in the SVD and the prospects for future operation.
The aim of this multicenter randomized study was to compare conventional therapy with conventional plus high-dose therapy (HDT) and autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) as front-line ...treatment for poor-prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
Between October 1991 and June 1995, 124 patients, aged 15 to 60 years, with diffuse intermediate- to high-grade NHL (Working Formulation criteria), stages II bulky (> or = 10 cm), III, or IV were enrolled. Sixty-one patients were randomized to receive etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin (VACOP-B) for 12 weeks and cisplatin, cytarabine, and dexamethasone (DHAP) as a salvage regimen (arm A), and 63 to receive VACOP-B for 12 weeks plus HDT and ABMT (Arm B).
There was no significant difference in terms of complete remissions (CRS) in the two groups: 75% in arm A, and 73% in arm B. The median follow-up observation time was 42 months. The 6-year survival probability was 65% in both arms. There was no difference in disease-free survival (DFS) or progression-free survival (PFS) between the two groups. DFS was 60% and 80% (P = .1) and PFS was 48% and 60% (P = .4) for arms A and B, respectively. Procedure feasibility was the major problem. In arm B, 29% of enrolled patients did not undergo HDT and ABMT. A statistical improvement in terms of DFS (P = .008) and a favorable trend in terms of PFS (P = .08) for intermediate-/high- plus high-risk group patients assigned to HDT and ABMT was observed.
In this study, conventional chemotherapy followed by HDT and ABMT as front-line therapy seems no more successful than conventional treatment in terms of overall results. However, our results suggest that controlled studies of HDT plus ABMT should be proposed for higher risk patients.
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