Abstract Background There is limited information about factors associated with mortality of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) admitted to hospital because of an acute ...exacerbation. Methods A retrospective cohort study including all patients admitted to hospital through our emergency department (ED) was conducted. A total of 972 electronic discharge reports were reviewed. Patient baseline features, aspects concerning acute exacerbation, as well as demographic, cardiac ultrasound, and microbiological data were collected. Results In-hospital mortality rate was 6.4%. Of 315 patients with mild exacerbation according to Anthonisen criteria, only 1 died. In the univariate analysis, moderate to severe acute exacerbation of COPD, age older than 75 years, severe COPD, abnormal blood gas values, onset of complications during hospital stay, radiologic consolidation, a positive result in a microbiological respiratory sample, home oxygenotherapy, admission to the intensive care unit, left ventricular ejection fraction, and department of admission were statistically significant ( P < .05). The multivariate analysis showed that moderate to severe COPD acute exacerbation (odds ratio OR 7.3; 95% confidence interval CI, 3.6-17.7), age older than 75 years (OR 4.9; 95% CI, 2.3-10.8), severe COPD (OR 4.6; 95% CI, 2.1-10), abnormal blood gas values (OR 4.7; 95% CI, 1.1-19.8), and complication during hospital stay (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.4-5.4) were independently related to mortality. Conclusion We found that clinical aspect appears the most relevant of all potential determinants of in-hospital mortality for patients admitted for acute exacerbation of COPD. Thus, the clinical assessment and therapeutic decision taken in this first moment at the ED are the key that predict the prognosis of this patients. These data suggest that the risk of mortality after the admission to hospital of patients with COPD because of an acute exacerbation can be successfully predicted by making a clinical assessment at the ED.
The aim of this study is to examine trends from 2016 to 2019 in the incidence of hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality (IHM) of subjects < 18 years with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), ...assessing possible sex differences. We used Spanish national hospital discharge data to select all patients < 18 years with CAP. We identified 43,511 children (53% boys) hospitalized with CAP. The incidence of CAP was significantly higher in boys than in girls, with an age-adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.05 (95%CI 1.03–1.07) for boys compared to girls, and rose from 126 per 100,000 children in 2016 to 131 in 2019 (
p
< 0.0001). There were no sex differences in isolated pathogens, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, or IHM. Variables independently associated with IHM were age 10 to 17 years, congenital heart disease, neurological diseases, and use of invasive mechanical ventilation. Asthma was a protective factor for IHM among girls.
Conclusion
: The incidence of hospital admissions for CAP was higher among boys than among girls and rose significantly from 2016 to 2019. There were no sex differences in hospital outcomes. Age 10 to 17 years, congenital heart disease, neurological diseases, and use of mechanical ventilation were risk factors for IHM in both sexes, while asthma was a protective factor among girls. No differences were found in IHM over time.
What is Known:
• Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common reasons for hospitalizations among children.
• There are few studies that allow to know the evolution of community-acquired pneumonia in children.
What is New:
• Incidence of hospital admissions for community-acquired pneumonia was higher in boys than girls and it rose significantly from 2016 to 2019.
• Age 10 to 17 years, congenital heart disease, neurological diseases and use of mechanical ventilation were risk factors for in-hospital mortality in both sexes.
(1) Background: We analyzed the association between atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AF) and in-hospital mortality (IHM) among patients who underwent solid organ transplants in Spain from 2004 ...to 2021. (2) Methods: We gathered information from all hospital admissions for lung, liver, kidney, and heart transplants. (3) Results: A total of 71,827 transplants were analyzed (4598 lung transplants; 18,127 liver transplants; 45,262 kidney transplants; and 4734 heart transplants). One third of these were for women. Overall, the prevalence of AF was 6.8% and increased from 5.3% in 2004–2009 to 8.6% in 2016–2021. The highest prevalence of AF was found for heart transplants (24.0%), followed by lung transplants (14.7%). The rates for kidney and liver transplants were 5.3% and 4.1%, respectively. The AF code increased over time for all of the transplants analyzed (p < 0.001). The patients’ IHM decreased significantly from 2004–2009 to 2016–2021 for all types of transplants. AF was associated with a higher IHM for all of the types of transplants analyzed, except for heart transplants. (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of AF among patients admitted for solid organ transplants was highest for those who underwent heart transplants. The mortality rate during the patients’ admission for lung, liver, kidney, or heart transplants decreased over time. AF was independently associated with a higher risk of dying in the hospital for those who underwent lung, liver, or kidney transplants.
To analyze the incidence, use of therapeutic procedures, and in-hospital outcomes among patients suffering an ischemic stroke (IS) according to the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in ...Spain (2016-2018) and to assess the existence of sex differences.
Matched-pair analysis using the Spanish National Hospital discharge.
IS was coded in 92,524 men and 79,731 women (29.53% with T2DM). The adjusted incidence of IS (IRR 2.02; 95% CI 1.99-2.04) was higher in T2DM than non-T2DM subjects, with higher IRRs in both sexes. Men with T2DM had a higher incidence of IS than T2DM women (IRR 1.54; 95% CI 1.51-1.57). After matching patients with T2DM, those with other comorbid conditions, however, significantly less frequently received endovascular thrombectomy and thrombolytic therapy. In-hospital mortality (IHM) was lower among T2DM men than matched non-T2DM men (8.23% vs. 8.71%;
< 0.001). Women with T2DM had a higher IHM rate than T2DM men (11.5% vs. 10.20%;
= 0.004). After adjusting for confounders, women with T2DM had a 12% higher mortality risk than T2DM men (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.04-1.21).
T2DM is associated with higher incidence of IS in both sexes. Men with T2DM have a higher incidence rates of IS than T2DM women. Women with T2DM have a higher risk of dying in the hospital.
Abstract
Background
The impact of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) on the outcomes of heart transplantation (HT) has not yet been clearly established. The objectives of this study were to examine the trends in ...the prevalence of T2D among individuals who underwent a HT in Spain from 2002 to 2021, and to compare the clinical characteristics and hospitalization outcomes between HT recipients with and without T2D.
Methods
We used the national hospital discharge database to select HT recipients aged 35 and older. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions (ICD-9 and ICD-10) were used to identify patients with and without T2D. We also recorded comorbidities, complications of HT, and procedures. Propensity score matching (PSM) and Cox regression were used to analyze the effect of T2D on in-hospital mortality (IHM).
Results
Between 2002 and 2021, a total of 4429 HTs (T2D, 19.14%) were performed in Spain. The number of HTs in patients with T2D decreased from 2002 to 2005 (n = 171) to 2014–2017 (n = 154), then rose during 2018–2021 (n = 186). Complications of HT increased in patients with and without T2D over the study period (26.9% and 31.31% in 2002–2005 vs. 42.47% and 45.01% in 2018–2021, respectively). The results of the PSM showed that pneumonia and Gram-negative bacterial infections were less frequent in patients with T2D and that these patients less frequently required hemodialysis, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and tracheostomy. They also had a shorter hospital stay and lower IHM than patients without diabetes. The variables associated with IHM in patients with T2D were hemodialysis and ECMO. IHM decreased over time in people with and without T2D. The Cox regression analysis showed that T2D was associated with lower IHM (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.63–0.98).
Conclusions
The number of HTs increased in the period 2018–2021 compared with 2002–2005 in patients with and without T2D. Over time, complications of HT increased in both groups studied, whereas IHM decreased. The presence of T2D is associated with lower IHM.
(1) Background: We examine trends (2001–2015) in the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) among patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of chronic ...obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD). (2) Methods: Observational retrospective epidemiological study, using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. (3) Results: We included 1,431,935 hospitalizations (aged ≥40 years) with an AE-COPD. NIV use increased significantly, from 1.82% in 2001–2003 to 8.52% in 2013–2015, while IMV utilization decreased significantly, from 1.39% in 2001–2003 to 0.67% in 2013–2015. The use of NIV + invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) rose significantly over time (from 0.17% to 0.42%). Despite the worsening of clinical profile of patients, length of stay decreased significantly over time in all types of ventilation. Patients who received only IMV had the highest in-hospital mortality (IHM) (32.63%). IHM decreased significantly in patients with NIV + IMV, but it remained stable in those receiving isolated NIV and isolated IMV. Factors associated with use of any type of ventilatory support included female sex, lower age, and higher comorbidity. (4) Conclusions: We found an increase in NIV use and a decline in IMV utilization to treat AE-COPD among hospitalized patients. The IHM decreased significantly over time in patients who received NIV + IMV, but it remained stable in patients who received NIV or IMV in isolation.
Abstract Background To describe trends in the incidence an outcomes for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Spain between 2004 and 2013. Methods We used ...national hospital discharge data to select all patients discharged from hospital after AF. We focused our analysis on patients with AF in the primary diagnosis field. Discharges were grouped by diabetes status (diabetic or non-diabetic). Incidence was calculated overall and stratified by diabetes status. We analyzed diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, patient comorbidities, CHA2DS2-VASc score, length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality (IHM). Results We identified a total of 214,457 admissions for AF (21.1% with T2DM). The incidence was higher among people with T2DM. Women with T2DM have significant higher incidence than men in all years studied. T2DM was positively associated with AF hospitalization (IRR 3.76, 95%CI 3.72–3.80). T2DM patients were significantly older than patients without diabetes, had more comorbidity and had higher values of CHA2DS2-VASc score. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and hypertension were almost 50% higher and prevalence of obesity was two times higher (all p values < 0.05). Diabetes was not associated with a higher IHM (OR: 0.99, 95%CI 0.93–1.06). For the entire sample, time trend analyses showed a significant decrease in mortality in patients admitted for AF (OR: 0.98, 95%CI 0.97–0.99). Conclusions Incidence rates were higher in T2DM patients. Women with T2DM have significant higher incidence rates than men. The presence of diabetes is not associated with a higher IHM during admission for AF.
To analyze incidence, use of therapeutic procedures, and in-hospital outcomes in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) according ...to the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Spain (2016-2018) and to investigate sex differences.
Using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database, we estimated the incidence of myocardial infarctions (MI) in men and women with and without T2DM aged ≥ 40 years. We analyzed comorbidity, procedures, and outcomes. We matched each man and woman with T2DM with a non-T2DM man and woman of identical age, MI code, and year of hospitalization. Propensity score matching was used to compare men and women with T2DM.
MI was coded in 109,759 men and 44,589 women (30.47% with T2DM). The adjusted incidence of STEMI (IRR 2.32; 95% CI 2.28-2.36) and NSTEMI (IRR 2.91; 95% CI 2.88-2.94) was higher in T2DM than non-T2DM patients, with higher IRRs for NSTEMI in both sexes. The incidence of STEMI and NSTEMI was higher in men with T2DM than in women with T2DM. After matching, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was less frequent among T2DM men than non-T2DM men who had STEMI and NSTEMI. Women with T2DM and STEMI less frequently had a code for PCI that matched that of non-T2DM women. In-hospital mortality (IHM) was higher among T2DM women with STEMI and NSTEMI than in matched non-T2DM women. In men, IHM was higher only for NSTEMI. Propensity score matching showed higher use of PCI and coronary artery bypass graft and lower IHM among men with T2DM than women with T2DM for both STEMI and NSTEMI.
T2DM is associated with a higher incidence of STEMI and NSTEMI in both sexes. Men with T2DM had higher incidence rates of STEMI and NSTEMI than women with T2DM. Having T2DM increased the risk of IHM after STEMI and NSTEMI among women and among men only for NSTEMI. PCI appears to be less frequently used in T2DM patients After STEMI and NSTEMI, women with T2DM less frequently undergo revascularization procedures and have a higher mortality risk than T2DM men.
Abstract
Background
We performed a study to assess sex-differences in incidence (2016–2020), clinical characteristics, use of therapeutic procedures, and in-hospital outcomes in patients with ...infective endocarditis (IE) according to T2DM status.
Methods
Ours was a retrospective cohort study using data from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. We estimated the incidence of hospitalizations for IE in men and women aged ≥ 40 years with and without T2DM. Propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariable logistic regression were used to compare subgroups according to sex and the presence of T2DM.
Results
From 2016 to 2020, IE was coded in 9,958 patients (66.79% men). T2DM was diagnosed in 2,668 (26.79%). The incidence of IE increased significantly from 15.29 cases per 100,000 persons with T2DM in 2016 to 17.69 in 2020 (p < 0.001). However, this increment was significant only among men with T2DM (19.47 cases per 100,000 in 2016 vs. 22.84 in 2020; p = 0.003). The age-adjusted incidence of IE was significantly higher in people with T2DM (both sexes) than in those without T2DM (IRR, 2.86; 95% CI, 2.74–2.99). The incidence of IE was higher in men with T2DM than in women with T2DM (adjusted IRR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.54–3.31). After PSM, in-hospital mortality (IHM) was higher among T2DM women than matched T2DM men (22.65% vs. 18.0%; p = 0.018).
The presence of T2DM was not associated with IHM in men or women.
Conclusions
T2DM is associated with a higher incidence of hospitalization for IE. Findings for T2DM patients who had experienced IE differed by sex, with higher incidence rates and lower IHM in men than in women. T2DM was not associated to IHM in IE in men or in women.
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