Introduction: Nutritional literacy is skills and the degree capacity of privates to obtain, process and understand nutrition information to make good decisions about nutrition. The use of this ...information and nutritional services leads to health promotion. This study examined the status of nutritional literacy in elementary school teachers in Yasuj and its related factors. Methods: In this Cross-Sectional study, a questionnaire of 35 items belonging to Turkey was used. After translation-retranslation and determine its validity for assessing nutritional literacy, it is used in 110 persons of elementary school teachers in Yasuj. The samples were selected by multistage stratified sampling and questionnaire was completed for them. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and analytical statistics. Findings: The average age of participants was 39.48±3.2. The results showed that the mean score of nutrition literacy for participants was 27.14± 3.2. 22.7 percent of teachers had limited or poor nutrition literacy. Teachers with less work experience and bachelor's and higher degree had more nutritional literacy scores. The least number of correct answers was related skills of food centers determination, computing skills and reading of food labels. Conclusions: Overall, according to the level of nutritional literacy in different parts of the group of teachers, it should be considered the designing of interventions to improve nutrition literacy. Because of its uniqueness in Iran, this questionnaire can be used as needs assessment tool in nutritional interventions in Iranian society.
Background: Despite the high prevalence of acute radiation dermatitis (ARD) in breast radiation treatment, data about its prevention is inconsistent. We conducted the present research to investigate ...whether the use of topical corticosteroids with different potencies or moisturizing cream could prevent ARD. Method: In this double-blind randomized trial, 120 patients, who had undergone breast conserving surgery for breast cancer, were randomly assigned to use Mometasone 0.1% cream or hydrocortisone 1% cream or moisturizing base cream from the first day of radiotherapy throughout the entire course. CTCAE v. 4 scale was utilized to score the grade of ARD. The outcomes were analysed with relevant statistical methods. Results: 105 subjects were analysed. Mometasone delayed the incidence of grade 1 ARD in a week. However, no differences were observed among the groups concerning the incidence of the maximum ARD grade (χ2 (6, N= 104)=8.12, P=0.2). Moreover, the timing of the maximum ARD was not significantly different among the groups (χ2 (4, N =84) = 2.87, P=0.58). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the application of corticosteroid creams (hydrocortisone 1% or Mometasone 0.1%) does not result into a significant difference concerning the timing and incidence of ARD occurrence when compared with daily skin care and use of emollient.
Giardia and Cryptosporidium the important causative agents of intestinal parasitic diseases (IPD) are ubiquitously distributed in the environment, especially in wastewater and reclaimed water. Due to ...the water shortage crisis and extensive utilization of reclaimed water, the presence of these parasitic protozoa in wastewater is a concern from the public and environmental health point of view. To address this concern, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the global prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in the effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). A total of 658 published papers were included in the initial search. After exclusion of unrelated articles, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, levels of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in the effluents with 22, 21, 14, and 11 articles, respectively. The meta-analysis revealed that the global prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium were 12.80% (95%CI: 10.74–14.85) and 25.90% (95%CI: 15.88–35.91) in the municipal WWTPs effluents, respectively. The globally pooled concentration was also estimated to be 2.22 cyst/L (95%CI: 0.74–3.69) and 0.13 oocyst/L (95%CI: 0–0.026) for Giardia and Cryptosporidium, respectively. This implies that the monitoring and treatment activities for Giardia and Cryptosporidium removal are generally inadequate and the potential health risk of these parasites will remain. It is recommended that effective management measures in WWTPs along with the monitoring of effluent quality should be considered to eliminate the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in effluent and prevent the adverse health implications.
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•28 Studies on Giardia and Cryptosporidium presence in municipal WWTPs effluents were analyzed.•Global prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in the effluents were 12.8% and 25.9%, respectively.•The concentrations of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in the effluent were 2.22 cyst/L and 0.13 oocyst/L, respectively.•Activated sludge as a common treatment process could not effectively remove the Giardia and Cryptosporidium.•Advanced and cost-effective technologies are needed for pathogens removal from effluent.
Here, we examined the function of our produced monoclonal antibody (mAb10C3) to recognize one of the most important members of the HEAT shock factor family, Hsf5, in embryonic development and in ...spermatogenic cells of adult mouse testis.
The targeting effects of mAb10C3 were investigated by immunohistochemistry analysis in the different phases of the embryo and in the adult testis tissue sections.
The results of immunohistochemistry staining on the mouse embryos by the supernatant of hybridoma clone that produced mAb10C3, in the early and late phases (E7.5 and E14.5) of embryonic development, indicated that mAb10C3 could only detect Hsf5 in E7.5 and it did not have any targeting activity in the late phase of development. Therefore, we showed that the hsf5 gene has expressed in early mouse embryonic development. On the other hand, mAb10C3 could detect Hsf5 in spermatogonia and spermatocytes of adult testis in comparison with a known anti-Hsf5 antibody (ab98939) and an anti-PCNA antibody as a marker of spermatogonia cells.
Taken together, these data indicated that generated anti-testis mAb10C3 was generated against anti-testis proteins, specifically to target Hsf5, and can be useful as a scientific tool to investigate the critical genes in the development and spermatogenesis.
BACKGROUND: Generation and utilization of the specific monoclonal antibodies against testis antigens is reported to identify the antigens that are important in reproductive field. OBJECTIVE: Current ...study aimed to introduce a hybridoma that producing a specific anti-testis monoclonal antibody to identify the testis antigens that can be important in the reproduction field. METHODS: To make hybridoma against testis antigens, mice were immunized with testis cell lysate. After cell fusion, resulted hybridomas were screened by indirect ELISA, then cloned by limiting dilution and finally the produced monoclonal antibody were characterized by some of the molecular laboratory techniques such as immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry and western blot. RESULTS: By using hybridoma technique, cell fusion was performed and ten (8A11, 8D6, 8D7, 9F6, 9G11, 10C3, 10B3, 10B2, 10C2 and 10H7) antibodies specific to the testis antigens were produced finally. Among the produced antibodies, 10C3 was found to cross-react with testis, but not detected in other tissues. mAb 10C3 recognized the sperm and testis antigens, specifically the intertestitial tissue of testis, spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocyte antigens, so they were most likely the target of generated mAb. Also our mAb could totally detect the mouse sperm antigens and the specific antigens of head and tail of human sperm. In western blotting analysis, mAb 10C3 could recognize the specific protein bands of sperm and testis extracts. Also in this study the testis specific genes that were target of generated mAb, were selected according to the mouse EST profile available at UniGene part of NCBI. CONCLUSIONS: So this stable anti-testis mAb has a potential for laboratory researches and also for diagnostic procedures in fertilization. Thus it could be exploited as a suitable tool for target-specific diagnosis and research in several diseases.
Oral mucositis is a debilitating side effect of cancer treatment for which there is not much successful treatments at yet. We evaluated the effectiveness of topical morphine compared with a routine ...mouthwash in managing cancer treatment-induced mucositis.
Thirty head and neck cancer patients with severe mucositis (World Health Organization Grade III or IV) were randomized into the morphine and magic mouthwash groups. Patients received morphine sulfate 2% or magic solution (contained magnesium aluminum hydroxide, viscous lidocaine, and diphenhydramine), 10 ml for every 3 h, six times a day, for 6 days. Both groups received same dietary and oral hygiene instructions and care. Mucositis was graded at baseline and every 3 days after treatment. Patients' satisfaction and drug effect maintenance were also evaluated.
Twenty-eight patients (mean age of 49.5 ± 13.2 years, 63.3% female) completed the trial; 15 in the morphine group and 13 in the magic group. There was a decrease in mucositis severity in both of the morphine (P < 0.001) and magic (P = 0.049) groups. However, at the 6(th) day, more reduction was observed in mucositis severity in the morphine compared with magic group (P = 0.045). Drug effect maintenance was similar between the two groups, but patients in the morphine group were more satisfied by their treatments than those in the magic group (P = 0.008).
Topical morphine is more effective and more satisfactory to patients than the magic mouthwash in reducing severity of cancer treatment-induced oral mucositis. More studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up are required in this regard.
Medicinal plants are widely used throughout the world. Since these plants are known to have minimal side effects, many people embrace them. The golpar plant, scientifically known as Heracleum ...persicum (H. persicum), is a common Asian and Iranian medicinal plant. The use of golpar is recommended in traditional medicine as a contraceptive medication for females; however, no scientifically documented evidence has been reported. This study investigates the effects of the golpar plant on ovarian tissue and folliculogenesis.
In this experimental study, H. persicum hydroalcoholic extract (HPHE) was used at 400 mg/kg and 1600 mg/kg doses. Adult female rats were divided into three groups: control, sham, and experimental(I, II). The control group did not receive any injection, the sham group received saline solution, and the experimental group received IP injections of HPHE for 21 days, once every other day, during the sexual cycle. At the end of the injection period, ovarian samples were harvested for histological studies. The FSH assay was performed according to the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. Data were statistically analyzed by the Instat3 program and one-way ANOVA. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant.
In the experimental group the numbers of primordial and primary follicles increased (p <0.001), while the number of preantral and antral follicles decreased (p <0.01). The atretic follicles decreased in the experimental group, but this decrease was not significant. There was no statistical difference in FSH concentration when compared with the control group.
This report gives primary information on the in vivo effects of the HPHE on the ovarian follicles of the female Wistar rat. The results suggest that administration of HPHE may have inhibitory effects on folliculogenesis and cause infertility in females.
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Background: Breast carcinoma is the second cause of mortality between female cancers and metastasis is the main contributing factor to the mortality in patients with breast cancer. ...Optimal management for visceral metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains unknown. In this study we aimed to assess if adding pioglitazone to chemotherapy regimen can improve response in patients with MBC. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial enrolled women 18 years or older with visceral MBC either previously treated with adjuvant therapy or currently are undergoing different lines of endocrine and chemotherapy regimens. The main objective of this study is to compare treatment efficacy in patients with visceral MBC taking chemotherapy plus Pioglitazone (n = 30) versus chemotherapy in addition to placebo (n = 30) over three months. The efficacy evaluated by change in radiologic response defined by the proportion of patients with stable or partial/complete radiologic response to those experienced disease progression based on Revised Recist Guideline ver (1.1). Results: Combination of pioglitazone and chemotherapy led to higher complete radiologic response (7.4% vs.0%) stable disease status (66·7% vs. 53·6%) and lower progression (22·2% vs. 35·7%) rates, however the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.24). Clinical benefit rate (CBR, proportion of patients with complete response, partial response, or stable disease) was 77.8% in pioglitazone group vs. 64.3% in control group (p = 0.27). Subgroup analysis revealed higher efficacy but not statistically significant among diabetic woman, who had hormone-receptor–positive tumor. Furthermore, patients treated with Taxan +/-Carboplatin agents had significantly higher stable disease status, lower progression rate and higher complete response rate than the placebo group (P = 0·03). Conclusions: This is the first reported randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of pioglitazone in patients with visceral MBC which demonstrated safety and improvement of response in the subgroup of Taxan / Carboplatin chemotherapy regimen. These findings are in agreement with previous results of in vitro preclinical studies. Clinical trial information: IRCT20180124038493N1.
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