Facial nerve palsy has long been considered to have an infectious etiology. Recent diagnostic analyses in children and adults have provided convincing evidence that reactivation of varicella-zoster ...virus (VZV), sometimes during infectious mononucleosis, can lead to cranial nerve VII palsy. The site of reactivation from latency is the geniculate ganglion. Virus most likely enters the ganglion during chickenpox, via the sensory branches of the facial nerve located on the ear and tongue. Retrospective reviews suggest that patients with VZV-related facial nerve palsy have poorer outcomes than other cases of Bell's palsy. Therefore treatment with acyclovir is suggested when VZV reactivation i slikely.
A 4-month-old child with a very rare association of primary (congenital) left cerebral hypoplasia, hypoplasia of the left internal carotid artery, and giant anterior communicating artery aneurysm was ...seen. The aneurysm was detected and treated before rupture. We briefly reviewed the literature on agenesis (hypoplasia) of the internal carotid artery, intracranial aneurysms in childhood, and primary cerebral hypoplasia. It is proposed that cerebral arteriography, cranial computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging be performed in all children with primary cerebral hemihypoplasia to establish an etiologic diagnosis and, more importantly, to detect and treat possible associated intracranial aneurysms before they become symptomatic.
An examination of how an independent Palestinian state, if created, can be made successful. The authors describe options for strengthening governance, security, economic development, access to water, ...health and health care, and education, and estimate the financial resources needed for successful development over the first decade of independence.
We reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the spine of 42 children who had neurologic signs compatible with lesions of the spinal cord. Twenty-three of the children had abnormalities ...identified by MRI. The spectrum of abnormalities included posttraumatic lesions, tumor, tethered cord, and syringohydromyelia. Tethered cord with or without lipoma and syringohydromyelia were the most common findings, affecting six and four children, respectively. Thirteen children studied by MRI also underwent conventional metrizamide myelography and/or computed tomography. In 12 cases, the findings of MRI were comparable to those of myelography and computed tomography. These observations indicate that MRI effectively detects lesions of the spinal cord in children. Because MRI can be performed on an outpatient basis and avoids the risks of metrizamide myelography, we conclude that MRI should be considered to be the preferred screening technique for children with suspected spinal cord disorders.
The clinical features of a 7-year-old girl who presented with unilateral optic neuritis are presented. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed lesions in the affected optic nerve and the centrum ...semiovale bilaterally. Biopsy of one of the cerebral lesions was consistent with a diagnosis of Schilder's disease. Visual acuity returned to normal, and the demyelinating MRI lesions improved markedly with corticosteroid treatment. Optic neuritis is a novel mode of presentation in Schilder's disease. (J Child Neurol 2001;16:693-696).
Stroke in sleep Eric Dyken, Mark; Afifi, Adel K.; Bin Im, Kyoung
Acute and Emergent Events in Sleep Disorders,
11/2011
Book Chapter
Chapter 19 discusses the strong association between cerebrovascular disease, especially when evidenced as stroke, and sleepdisordered breathing (SDB), most frequently in the form of obstructive sleep ...apnea (OSA).
