Starvation-induced autophagy requires activation of the ULK complex at the phagophore. Two Golgi proteins, WAC and GM130, regulate autophagy, however their mechanism of regulation is unknown. In ...search of novel interaction partners of WAC, we found that GM130 directly interacts with WAC, and this interaction is required for autophagy. WAC is bound to the Golgi by GM130. WAC and GM130 interact with the Atg8 homolog GABARAP and regulate its subcellular localization. GABARAP is on the pericentriolar matrix, and this dynamic pool contributes to autophagosome formation. Tethering of GABARAP to the Golgi by GM130 inhibits autophagy, demonstrating an unexpected role for a golgin. WAC suppresses GM130 binding to GABARAP, regulating starvation-induced centrosomal GABARAP delivery to the phagophore. GABARAP, unlipidated and lipidated, but not LC3B, GABARAPL1, and GATE-16, specifically promotes ULK kinase activation dependent on the ULK1 LIR motif, elucidating a unique non-hierarchical role for GABARAP in starvation-induced activation of autophagy.
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•WAC is required for ULK activation and autophagy and interacts with GM130•WAC suppresses GM130 binding to GABARAP and activates autophagy•GABARAP traffics from the pericentriolar matrix to forming autophagosomes•WAC controls the non-hierarchical activation of ULK complex by centrosomal GABARAP
WAC and GM130 are two Golgi proteins that regulate autophagy. Joachim et al. show that WAC inhibits binding of the autophagy protein GABARAP to the vesicle tethering golgin GM130. This allows trafficking of the centrosomal pool of GABARAP to forming autophagosomes and GABARAP-mediated activation of the autophagy-initiating ULK1 kinase.
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La satisfacción estética del paciente después de los rellenos faciales es un tema esencial que debe estudiarse a medida que aumenta el número de personas que buscan tratamiento. El ...rostro es un componente esencial del cuerpo humano que se asocia frecuentemente con la belleza, la juventud y la salud. Las personas pueden buscar la mejora facial con rellenos por diversas razones, como congénitas, adquiridas por el envejecimiento o enfermedad, o por las tendencias estéticas actuales.
El objetivo es evaluar la satisfacción estética de los pacientes y describir las complicaciones clínicas comunes relacionadas con las inyecciones de rellenos faciales.
Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal utilizando un cuestionario derivado de la escala global de mejora estética y la escala de calidad de vida de la OMS. Se utilizó un muestreo por conveniencia para reclutar pacientes que asistieron a clínicas de cosmética. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se utilizaron métodos de Chi-cuadrado para analizar los datos.
En el estudio se incluyeron 500 participantes femeninas, con una edad promedio de 28,48 años. Más del 90% reportó mejoras después del tratamiento con rellenos, que varió desde mejoras hasta mejoras muy significativas. Se observó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la satisfacción del paciente y el número de tratamientos con rellenos y el sitio de inyección anatómico. Sin embargo, no se encontró una correlación estadísticamente significativa al considerar los grupos de edad. Los efectos secundarios locales, como hinchazón y enrojecimiento en el sitio de la inyección, fueron comunes, pero generalmente leves y de corta duración.
Aunque el nivel de satisfacción actual es alto, los profesionales en el campo deben prestar más atención a este resultado importante, ya que comprender la motivación y las expectativas del paciente antes de proceder con el tratamiento es muy relevante y puede contribuir significativamente a determinar la satisfacción del paciente con el resultado final.
Patient esthetic satisfaction following facial fillers is an essential topic that should be studied as the number of individuals seeking treatment increases. The face is an essential component of the human body that is frequently associated with beauty, youthfulness, and health. Individuals may seek facial augmentation with fillers for a variety of reasons, such as congenital, acquired by means of aging or disease, or current aesthetic trends.
The aim is to assess patient's aesthetic satisfaction and description of common clinical complications in relation to the facial filler injections.
A cross sectional survey using a questionnaire derived from the global aesthetic improvement scale and WHO quality of life scale, convenience sampling was used to recruit patients attending cosmetic clinics, descriptive analysis and Chi-square methods were used to analyze the data.
In the study, 500 female participants, with an average age of 28.48 years, were included. Over 90% reported improvement after filler treatment, ranging from improved to very much improved. A statistically significant correlation was observed between patient satisfaction and the number of filler treatments and the anatomical injection site. However, no statistically significant correlation was found when considering age groups. Local side effects, such as swelling and redness at the injection site, were common but generally mild and of short duration.
Although the satisfaction level is currently high, practitioners in the field need to pay more attention to this important outcome, since understanding the patient's motivation and expectation before proceeding with the procedure is very important and can contribute significantly in determining patient satisfaction with the result.
The objective of this study was to investigate how 6 commonly used solvent systems affected the yields of phenolic substances and the antioxidant capacity of extracts from 8 major classes of food ...legumes. Several antioxidant-related phytochemical compositions, namely, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and condensed tannins content (CTC), were investigated. In addition, antioxidant activities were tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The results showed that the 50% acetone extracts exhibited the highest TPC for yellow pea, green pea, chickpea, and yellow soybean. Acidic 70% acetone (+0.5% acetic acid) extracts exhibited the highest TPC, TFC, and FRAP values for black bean, lentil, black soybean, and red kidney bean. The 80% acetone extracts exhibited the highest TFC, CTC, and DPPH-free radical scavenging activity for yellow pea, green pea, chickpea, and yellow soybean. The 70% ethanol extracts exhibited the greatest ORAC value for all selected legumes. These results indicated that solvents with different polarity had significant effects on total phenolic contents, extracted components, and antioxidant activities. High correlations between phenolic compositions and antioxidant activities of legume extracts were observed. The information is of interest to the nutraceutical food/ingredient industries since legumes are a rich source of antioxidants.
Background Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood that is often characterized by emotional instability. This period is also a time of increased incidence of anxiety and ...depression, underscoring the importance of understanding biological substrates of behavioral and emotion regulation during adolescence. Developmental changes in the brain in concert with individual predispositions for anxiety might underlie the increased risk for poor outcomes reported during adolescence. We tested the hypothesis that difficulties in regulating behavior in emotional contexts in adolescents might be due to competition between heightened activity in subcortical emotional processing systems and immature top-down prefrontal systems. Individual differences in emotional reactivity might put some teens at greater risk during this sensitive transition in development. Methods We examined the association between emotion regulation and frontoamygdala circuitry in 60 children, adolescents, and adults with an emotional go-nogo paradigm. We went beyond examining the magnitude of neural activity and focused on neural adaptation within this circuitry across time with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results Adolescents showed exaggerated amygdala activity relative to children and adults. This age-related difference decreased with repeated exposures to the stimuli, and individual differences in self-ratings of anxiety predicted the extent of adaptation or habituation in amygdala. Individuals with higher trait anxiety showed less habituation over repeated exposures. This failure to habituate was associated with less functional connectivity between ventral prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Conclusions These findings suggest that exaggerated emotional reactivity during adolescence might increase the need for top-down control and put individuals with less control at greater risk for poor outcomes.
•We study the adsorption and desorption of VOCs by an activated carbon fiber cloth.•Desorption concentration was controlled via electrothermal heating.•The desorption rate was successfully equalized ...and controlled by this system.
Adsorption is an effective means to selectively remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industrial gas streams and is particularly of use for gas streams that exhibit highly variable daily concentrations of VOCs. Adsorption of such gas streams by activated carbon fiber cloths (ACFCs) and subsequent controlled desorption can provide gas streams of well-defined concentration that can then be more efficiently treated by biofiltration than streams exhibiting large variability in concentration. In this study, we passed VOC-containing gas through an ACFC vessel for adsorption and then desorption in a concentration-controlled manner via electrothermal heating. Set-point concentrations (40–900ppmv) and superficial gas velocity (6.3–9.9m/s) were controlled by a data acquisition and control system. The results of the average VOC desorption, desorption factor and VOC in-and-out ratio were calculated and compared for various gas set-point concentrations and superficial gas velocities. Our results reveal that desorption is strongly dependent on the set-point concentration and that the VOC desorption rate can be successfully equalized and controlled via an electrothermal adsorption system.
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![[Artículo traducido] Uso de...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0001-7310/small "[Artículo traducido] Uso de rellenos faciales en la práctica clínica: nivel de satisfacción del paciente y visión general de las complicaciones clínicas comunes")
