In broader definitions, wellbeing is commonly described as a multidimensional concept, defined by the state of happiness, health, and prosperity. However, due to various understandings of conceptual ...issues regarding wellbeing, professionals encounter a number of methodological problems connected with measuring it. Composite indicators are thus being increasingly used to measure population's wellbeing. Health is an important area of wellbeing and is connected with indicators similar to those used for measuring general wellbeing. This article uses composite indicators to compare various areas of wellbeing, and especially health-related wellbeing, among the twelve Slovenian statistical regions. The findings show great differences between Slovenian regions. In western Slovenia (the Central Slovenia, Soča, Coastal-Karst, and Upper Carniola regions), the level of wellbeing is generally high, and in eastern Slovenia (the Carinthia, Lower Sava, Mura, and Central Sava regions) it is lower. Except for minor deviations, the level of general wellbeing in the regions matches the level of health-related wellbeing.
Primerjava med pokrajinsko distribucijo literarnih dogajalisc, pisateljskimi rojstnimi kraji in pisateljskimi prebivalisci (gre zlasti za pokrajinsko povest v 20. in 30. letih 20. stoletja) je ...pokazala, da je po stevilu rojstnih krajev in dogajalisc na prvem mestu Gorenjska, ki je prispevala vec kot cetrtino (27 %) pokrajinskih povesti. Sledijo Primorska (22 %) ter Stajerska in Dolenjska z enakim odstotkom pokrajinskih povesti (12 %). Pri Gorenjski, Stajerski in Dolenjski je razmerje med stevilom krajev rojstev avtorjev in stevilom povesti, ki se dogajajo v doloceni pokrajini, v korelaciji. V prid stevila povesti pa to razmerje odstopa pri Primorski, Prekmurju in Koroski, predvsem na racun plodovitih pisateljev Franceta Bevka, Miska Kranjca in Prezihovega Voranca. V primerjavi med pisateljskimi prebivalisci in dogajalisci zelo izstopata Ljubljana (30 %), kjer je dlje casa prezivela skoraj tretjina preucevanih pisateljev, in tujina (13 %); obe glede na stevilo prebivalisc pisateljev dosegata zelo nizke vrednosti v stevilu dogajalisc (Ljubljana 2 % in tujina 1 %). Izstopajoce stevilo prebivalisc v primeru Stajerske je treba pripisati eksodusu primorskih pisateljev zaradi fasisticnega pritiska med vojnama in njihovi naselitvi na Stajerskem. Lokalnozgodovinska pripoved je posebej ziva v zadnjem casu, ko se napaja se iz rodbinskih in rodovniskih raziskav (Vinko Korosak, Kmecka dinastija, 2003, Ivanka Mestnik, Grenki kruh, 2003) in arheoloskih izkopavanj (Rasto Bozic, Mesto situl, 2008) in mogoce tudi turisticnega interesa (Dusan Merc, Potopljeni zvon, 2004, Janez Svajncer, Gostilna na ovinku, 2002). Obilica dodane fotografske in arhivske dokumentacije, zgodovinopisni uvodi ter spremne besede postopoma ukinjajo mejo med leposlovjem in stvarno literaturo.1 Na lokalni status te produkcije, ki ima sem in tja bibliofilske ambicije (Rudi Simac, Legenda o sveti Heleni in sveti Marjeti, 2008), kazejo seznami lokalnih sponzorjev in slovarji lokalnega izrazja na koncu. Relativno visoke naklade so izraz intenzivnega novodobnega zanimanja za zgodovino domacega kraja ali vsaj mocnega prepricanja avtorjev in sponzorjev, da je sklicevanje na lokalno preteklost neobhodno za osmisljanje kulturnega vsakdanjika. Zadnje podjetje te vrste je literarni razpis za literarno upodabljanje Ptuja v okviru projekta Evropska prestolnica kulture, ki je pripeljal do serije romanov razlicne zanrske pripadnosti v zbirki Zapisani v Ptuj: Miha Remec, Mitrejin koder ali Casovna struna v Petoviono, 2011, Zdenko Kodric, Neboticnik Mitra, 2011, Jani Virk, Kar je odnesla reka, kar je odnesel dim: Zgodba iz srednjega veka, 2012, Feri Lainscek, Orkester za poljube, izid napovedan za 2012. Ob prebiranju zgodovinskih povesti se nam zastavljajo vprasanja, kako na literarne opuse skozi zgodovino vplivajo fizicne, antropogene in druzbene znacilnosti geografskega prostora, kako je literatura svoj zivljenjski prostor besedilno predstavljala, kako je s tem vplivala na druzbeno dojemanje prostora, kako so se v literaturi na prostore vezale razlicne skupnostne identitete, zlasti nacionalna. Na ta in podobna vprasanja bomo poskusali odgovoriti s projektom Prostor slovenske literarne kulture: Literarna zgodovina in prostorska analiza z GIS, katerega glavni cilj je preuciti razvoj medsebojnih vplivov med geografskim prostorom, vecinsko poseljenim s Slovenci, in slovensko literaturo v obdobju 1780-1940. Za namene kartiranja slovenske literarne kulture so bile zasnovane stiri podatkovne zbirke, za katere zbiramo podatke: literarnozgodovinski podatki iz zivljenja avtorjev, literarno-institucionalno omrezje, medijska infrastruktura in spomin. Za raziskavo o literarno predstavljenih prostorih, ki ima v projektu sicer obrobno vlogo, sva poskusno prilagodila ze oblikovano podatkovno zbirko dogajalisc slovenske zgodovinske pripovedi (Miran Hladnik in Jakopin 1999). Pri tem ne gre za ponavljanje, potrditev, zavrnitev ali modifikacijo sklepov, ki so bili na podlagi podatkovne zbirke dogajalisc ze zapisani, ampak za pretvorbo prostorskih podatkov iz obstojece besedilne oblike v geografski informacijski sistem, ki omogoca prostorske analize tabelaricnih podatkov in graficno predstavitev rezultatov v obliki tematskih zemljevidov. Ker zeliva na zacetku le preizkusiti primernost predvidenega programa ArcGIS, sva se zadovoljila z izborom 48 zgodovinskih pripovedi. Kriterij za izbor je bila vkljucenost avtorjev, njihovih zalozb in casopisov, kjer so objavljali, ter dogajalisc v druge podatkovne zbirke projekta, kar naj bi vsaj delno omogocilo povezovanje, primerljivost in prostorsko analizo podatkov; do neke mere je na izbor vplivala tudi reprezentativnost (produktivnost avtorja, zastopanost pokrajine, zastopanost zanrskega tipa). Iz podatkovne zbirke slovenskega zgodovinskega romana, ki je v formatu EVA, sva za nase potrebe izbrala le posamezna relevantna polja, jih shranila v goli besedilni format in jih uvozila v Excel. To so bila polja za prostor in polja z osnovnimi bibliografskimi podatki: ime avtorja, naslov in podnaslov povesti, kraj in leto izida. Polju s krajevnim imenom, kot je bilo zapisano v romanu, sva dodala polje z ustreznim danasnjim geografskim poimenovanjem, polje za spol avtorja ter letnico in kraj rojstva in smrti. Smiselno se je zdelo dodati se povezavo na geslo o avtorju na Wikipediji in povezavo na celo besedilo na spletu, po moznosti na Wikiviru. Poskrbeti bo treba se za polje s povezavo na geslo o romanu v Wikipediji in za polje s povezavami na wikipedijska gesla o krajih in z njimi povezanih zgodovinskih dogodkih, v perspektivi pa se za moznost virtualnega casovnega popotovanja po literarno najbolj eksploatiranih zgodovinskih dogajaliscih. Tako pripravljeno Excelovo preglednico sva uvozila v program ArcGIS, kjer sva najprej z operacijo zdruzevanja dveh podatkovnih preglednic avtomatsko dodala koordinate slovenskim krajem, ki so imeli izpolnjeno polje z danasnjim geografskim imenom. Za vse ostale kraje sva morala koordinate vnesti rocno. Pri tem sva zaradi razlicnih koordinatnih sistemov locila dogajalisca v Sloveniji od tistih v tujini. Tockovne objekte, predvsem naselja, sva enostavno geolocirala z GIS-operacijo »Add X/Y data«, medtem ko je bilo treba povrsinsko obravnavana literarna dogajalisca omejiti z rocno digitalizacijo poligonov.
In addition to environmental problems, spatial pressures are also being exacerbated by increasing economic development, the prosperity of the European population, and the increasing needs of various ...activities. These can only be mitigated through carefully planned use of space, which demands more active inclusion of the public in addition to relevant services. For successful public inclusion it is important for both individuals and social communities to be aware that space is a limited commodity exposed to increasing social and economic pressure. This kind of awareness demands an informed and educated population that will not only build its attitude towards space based on conceptual knowledge, but also supplement this through perceptual knowledge obtained in education. Active, responsible, and critical citizens can only be cultivated by properly educated, informed, and motivated teachers. These teachers can use new methods to address many existing topics and include new topics to considerably broaden their students’ minds. This is also what this paper seeks to demonstrate. It focuses on the comprehension of space through spatial perception, further development of routine conceptual knowledge through fieldwork, and the possibility of applying selected methods to learning processes. The goal of these efforts will be achieved when individuals and society understand that space is a limited commodity and that the attitude towards it must change as soon as possible if space is to be preserved for future generations in the spirit of sustainable development.
The geographic literature made an important contribution to the development of national consciousness among Slovenes in the 19thcentury, as well as to the reinforcement of Slovene identity after ...Slovenia's independence in 1991. A typical example of this kind of geographic publication is Atlant, the first atlas of the world in the Slovene language, which was published in installments from 1869 to 1877. Atlant followed the concept of a Unified Slovenia, and this idea boosted the confidence of Slovenes, the bulk of whom were incorporated into Austria-Hungary as they entered the stage of European politics as a nation for the first time. With the publication of Atlant, a number of geographical names were trans-lated into Slovene or Slovenized for the first time. The geographic, linguistic, and political conditions in which Slovenes lived, as well as the relations at the time between Slovene, German, and Slavic languages, are reflect-ed in the way foreign place names were adapted. The reprinting of Atlant in 2005 is also associated with a critical period in history, since it was published after the independence of Slovenia and its inclusion in the European Union, a time when the young state has been seeking its identity among all the world's nations.
The paper focuses on the representation of landscapes and the depiction of landscape features in the photographic images of textbooks, the perception, recognition and imagination of landscapes by the ...school population, and the possible link between both. The empirical element of the study is based on the case of Slovenia and includes quantitative and qualitative analysis of photographs in textbooks and questionnaires completed by primary and secondary school students (aged 10-18 years). The results show that the photographs emphasise natural, rural, and tangible aspects of landscapes, while students' imagination also includes urban, dynamic and, especially, intangible elements. We discuss the relevance of stability, generational gap, image retention, and recognisability. One of the key conclusions is that there is a dichotomy between the representation of landscape in textbooks and in students' imagination, but it is not clear-cut.
Descriptions of life in Ljubljana were more frequent and are known as the Ljubljana tale genre. The main content in Tavcar's »novella« Janez Solnce (1885-1886) is a literary representation of a ...historical report about the ceremony during the visit of emperor Leopold I in Ljubljana in 1660. The exceptional amount of historical data in this work cause it to resemble Jurcic's Ivan Erazem Tatenbach and later novels, written by professors. The nineteenth-century separation of historiographical data from fiction is most evident in two of Bohinjc's stories, both of which take place in Ljubljana. The Najmlajsi mojster, »a tale from 1608« The youngest master 1896, is not only set in Ljubljana, but its main subject is the Ljubljana residents and their life. The Ljubljana tale does not always have a historical theme and can therefore be categorized under other genres. Examples are Miroslav Malovrh's novels Pod novim orlom Under a new eagle 1904, V Studentskih ulicah In Students Streets 1910, and Zaljubljeni kapucin A Capuchin in love 1910, and Umirajoce duse Dying Souls 1929 by Ilka Vaste, as well as Jus Kozak's Sentpeter Saint Peter 1931. The Ljubljana earthquake of Easter Sunday (14 April) 1895 was the subject of reportages and sensational treatments. Grozni dnevi potresa v Ljubljani Terrifying days during the earthquake in Ljubljana and Velikonedeljski potres v Ljubljani 14. aprila 1895 l. in cesarjev obisk The Easter Sunday earthquake in Ljubljana on 14 April 1985 and the emperor's visit were both published in 1895. The Ljubljana earthquake was also the topic of several novels, like Potresna povest Earthquake tale 1903 by Fran Maselj Podlimbarski and Tereza by Katarina Marincic (1989). Inspired by the anniversary of earthquake and by the tender of a literary award, Jani Virk and Kajetan Kovic used the Ljubljana earthquake as a background in their love stories. Jani Virk published 1895, potres 1895, earthquake in 1995. In 1996, Kajetan Kovic's Profesor domisljije: Ljubljanska zgodba The professor of phantasy: A Ljubljana tale, appeared. It was a kind of Ljubljana Madame Bovary. The local-historical genre has been productive recently, being fueled by family and genealogical research, as in Vinko Korosak's Kmecka dinastija A Rural dynasty 2003, Ivanka Mestnik's Grenki kruh Bitter bread 2003; archeological excavations, as in Rasto Bozic's Mesto situl City of urns 2008; and sometimes tourist interest, like in Dusan Merc, Potopljeni zvon Drowned bell 2004 and Janez Svajncer's Gostilna na ovinku The tavern at the turn 2002. The boundary between belles lettres and non-fiction has gradually diminished with the addition of a wealth of photo and archival documentation and historiographical introductions and afterwords. 1 Lists of local sponsors and dictionaries of local expressions at the end of these kind of works are an indication of local status and sometimes of the writer's bibliophilic ambitions. An example is Rudi Simac's Legenda o sveti Heleni in sveti Marjeti A Legend about Holy Helen and Holy Margareth 2008. Authors and sponsors share conviction that intense contemporary interest in home town history and referring to the local past is necessary for comprehending daily cultural routine. The latest venture of this kind was the tender of a literary prize for depicting Ptuj in the framework of the European Cultural Capital project. It resulted in a series of novels in different genres in the collection Zapisani v Ptuj Writtten in Ptuj: Miha Remec's Mitrejin koder ali Casovna struna v Petoviono Mitreya's curl or Time string into Petoviona 2011, Zdenko Kodric's Neboticnik Mitra Skyscraper Mitra 2011, Jani Virk's Kar je odnesla reka, kar je odnesel dim: Zgodba iz srednjega veka What was taken by the river, what was taken by the smoke: A story from the Medieval era 2012, and Feri Lainscek's Orkester za poljube The orchestra for kisses, which is to be published in 2012. When reading historic tales, several questions may arise about how literary opuses are influenced by physical, anthropological, and social characteristics of geographical space through the history; how literature presented living spaces and in what way this influenced social perceptions of place; about how literature linked different community identities, particularly national identity, to spaces. In the project The Space of Slovene Literary Culture: Literary History and GIS Spatial Analysis, we attempt to respond to these and similar questions. The main goal of this project is to examine the development of reciprocal influences between predominantly Slovene geographical space and Slovene literature during the period 1780-1940. Four data compilations were designed specifically for mapping Slovene literary culture: literary-historical data about authors' lives, the network of literary institutions, media infrastructure, and memorials. For research on places represented in literature, which has a marginal role in this project, we tentatively adopted an existing database of settings in the Slovene historical tale (Miran Hladnik and Jakopin 1999). This trial was not a repetition, confirmation, rejection, or modification of previous conclusions that were reached based on the compilation of settings. It was, rather, a conversion of spatial data from its existing text format into a geographical information system, which permits spatial analyses of tabulated data and graphical presentation of results in the form of thematic maps. Since the initial goal is simply to evaluate the ArcGIS software, only forty-eight historical tales were used. The criterion for their selection was the inclusion of authors, the publishing houses and journals they worked with, where they published, and story settings in other project data compilations. This will allow at least partially facilitate making connections, comparing, and spatially analyzing data. To a certain degree, selection of works was based on their representativeness in terms of authorial productivity and areal and genre representation.
ABSTRACTPurpose: The paper presents the most important maps of the present-day Slovenian territory from 16th to 19th century contributed by many foreign and local authors. Due to technological, ...social, political, economic, cultural, and ideological conditions their image was constantly changing. Some of them are highlighting the key turning points in a centuries-long cartographic development.Methodology/approach: The survey is based on the analysis of primary sources held in the Map Collection of the National and University Library as well as in Geographical museum of Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. The existing secondary sources, particularly the literature and the results of selected projects, are also critically evaluated. From the scientific point of view the paper is interdisciplinary although its content mostly affects the scope of cartography.Results: The inductive method offers conclusions on the role of maps as a medium for transferring different information. Maps are presented either in the light of their communicative value or in the light of using modern cartographic principles. Maps as graphic images captured on paper demonstrate technological development of selected historical periods and characteristics of different countries, their people, and especially the emergence of individual countries and national border changes.Research limitation: Due to limitations in the length of the study text we focus only on the selected items of the cartographic collection and their authors. As usually, we were unable to avoid important cartographers, such as Valvasor, Florjančič and Kozler. The major national cartographic materials held by a two institutions, the National and University Library and GIAM ZRC SAZU Geographical Museum are exposed.Originality/practical implications: The originality of this paper lies mainly in the fact that we deal with maps and their authors together with the impact of technological development on the image of the maps. We also expose their informative value as they reflect not only the cartographer’s views about the world, but also the current values of the society.
Zgodovinske povesti so povečini umeščene v geografsko določljiv prostor, ki ga je mogoče kartirati na zemljevidih. Ti imajo zaradi slikovne predstavitve stvarnosti veliko sporočilno vrednost. Analize ...in upodobitve na zemljevidih s pomočjo geografskih informacijskih sistemov zahtevajo predhodno vzpostavitev tabelaričnih podatkov. Podatkovna zbirka slovenskega zgodovinskega romana iz leta 1999 vsebuje tudi podatke o dogajališčih, ki so bili za potrebe vzorčne predstavitve na spletnih zemljevidih dopolnjeni in poenoteni za 48 izbranih romanov od skupaj 310 vpisanih. Članek popisuje izkušnje in dileme z označevanjem dogajališč v romanih in razlaga pripravo podatkov za novo podatkovno zbirko in za njihovo prezentacijo na zemljevidu. Pripenja jih na dosedanje ugotovitve o značaju in vlogi prostora v tem žanru, poroča pa tudi od rugih postavitvah literarnih in literarnovednih podatkov na zemljevide.
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