The integrity of primary dentition is essential in the development of the jaws and permanent occlusion. The consequences of a premature loss of primary molars are: space loss, crowding, risk of ...impaction of the permanent teeth, ectopic eruption, anomalous inclination of the teeth adjacent to the loss molar, reduction of arch length. The mesial displacement of the posterior permanent teeth during eruption can cause a loss of space, which can be regained with orthodontic appliances. Therefore, a careful diagnosis is of great importance to be able to decide what appliance is indicated to recover from this situation. Molar distalisation consists in displacing permanent molars distally, allowing them to reach class I relationship and to recover the correct space for the second bicuspids when the second deciduous molar has been lost early.
The aim of this study is to carry out a narrative literature review regarding the different appliances and their effectiveness in regaining space after premature loss of the upper primary molars.
The paediatric dentist should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages related to each device and select the most appropriate distalisation appliance based on an individual plan of diagnosis and a careful treatment. The distalisation of the upper molar must be adequately stabilised and so it is important to consider also some retainers such as Nance's appliance, the Palatal Plate, the extraoral traction, the utility arch, or II Class elastic bands.
Bad oral habits: a review of the literature Giannini, L; Galbiati, G; Cressoni, P ...
Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents,
2021 Jan-Feb, Letnik:
35, Številka:
1
Journal Article
The aim of this study was to compare arch changes before and after maxillary expansion with Transverse Maxillary Sagittal Expander (TSME) and Hyrax Palatal Expander (HPE), in growing patients with ...diagnosis of maxillary hypoplasia.
The sample consisted of 40 patients’ records (20 males 20 females mean age 9.2 ± 2.6 years) were selected from the archive of the Orthodontic Department of the University of Milan, Italy. Patients were randomly divided in two groups: patients in group 1 were treated with HPE as they presented only transverse deficiency of the maxilla and in group 2 were treated with TSME. Plaster models have been measured with a Verniere caliper to evaluate the differences in maxillary expansion of the two devices. Measurements were performed on casts poured from impressions taken before appliance bonding (T0), immediately after appliance debonding (T1) and at 6 months follow-up (T2). The variations in the following distances have been considered: inter-molar distance, inter-canine distance, palatal depth, palatal length and arch circumference. Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to assess normality distribution. ANOVA for repeated measures with multiple paired t-test for pairwise comparisons and its non-parametric equivalent Friedman’s test with multiple Wilcoxon tests for pairwise comparisons were performed to evaluate changes in time of each variable in each group. Between groups comparisons were performed for each variable at each observing time using independent t-test or Mann-Whitney test. Significance level was set at p < 0,05.
Both the Friedman test and the rm-ANOVA test and their respective post-hoc show that within both groups the respective variables have a statistically significant increase between T0 and T1 (p < 0,05) and a slight decrease between T1 and T2 (p < 0,05) that is not clinically relevant remaining always T2 greater than T0 in a statistically and clinically relevant way (p < 0,05). The analysis between the differences of the measurements at different timing measured by the Mann-Whitney test shows that for all the variables there is no statistically significant difference between the 2 devices (p < 0,05), except for the perimeter of the arch and the length of the palate; in this case it appeared that the TSME is better statistically (p < 0,05).
The study has shown that RPE and TSME can achieve similar results in transversal palatal expansion. Differences have been found in the palatal length and in the arch perimeter where TSME seems to be more efficient.
Oral breathers and related malocclusion Galbiati, G; De Filippis, A; D'Avola, V ...
Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents,
2020 Nov-Dec, Letnik:
34, Številka:
6
Journal Article
This was to evaluate the relationship between malocclusions and dyslalias and to plan a multidisciplinary approach between orthodontics and speech therapy.
880 children (448 males and 432 females) ...ranging in age from 6 to 10 years were examined at the Department of Orthodontics at Milan University to determine if a relationship between malocclusions and dyslalia exists and their correlations.
The children were examined by a speech therapist and an orthodontist. An examination of the occlusion and phonetics was conducted and compared with an age-matched control group.
Correlations between malocclusion and dyslalia were found. The presence of Class III occlusion, diastema, increase in overjet, presence of open and deep bite, asymmetry have high tendency to be associated with speech disorders such as dyslalias. The presence of crowding and anterior cross bites have moderate tendency to be associated with such disorders; on the contrary Class II occlusion, upper incisors protrusion, posterior cross bite and TMD have low tendency to be associated with dyslalias.
The effect of dyslalia on the speech organs is not constant. On the other hand, the effect of malocclusion on dyslalia seems to be more relevant and more frequent and to increase proportionally, depending on the severity of the malocclusion.
The Hyrax rapid palatal expander is useful for patients in mixed dentition with premature exfoliation of some deciduous teeth and maxillary hypoplasia. This appliance, which is provided of a ...vestibular arm for correcting maxillary asymmetric transverse discrepancies, represents an interceptive treatment able to reduce the duration of the orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances.
In this case report the modified version of the Hyrax rapid palatal expander is described. The activation method, the therapeutic benefits as well as the clinical advantages are described.
To cephalometrically compare the skeletal vertical and sagittal effects of TSME with those of RME protraction facemask therapy in Class III patients.
The sample of this retrospective study included ...104 patients (53 females, 51 males) with age ranging from 5 to 9 years, presenting a skeletal Class III relationship: 52 were treated with transverse sagittal maxillary expander (TSME) appliance (Group 1) and 52 with Hyrax rapid maxillary expander/facemask (RME/FM, Group 2). For each patient a lateral cephalogram was obtained before treatment (T0) and at the end of the retention period (T1). Changes in the two groups during the observation period were calculated, compared and statistically analysed with t-test.
TSME can produce skeletal changes and dento-alveolar modifications. RME in association with protraction facemask showed that after treatment the maxilla was moved significantly forward. The correction of the ANB angle was due to a change in mandibular position during treatment which showed a backward and downward rotation.
Both devices were effective in the treatment of subjects with skeletal Class III due to maxillary retrusion.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a complete or partial airway obstruction that can cause significant physiologic disturbance with various clinical impacts. The etiology is multifactorial ...and its clinical manifestations are night snoring, headache when patient wakes up, day-time sleepiness and degrease of cognitive performance. Some recent international studies suggest that the OSAS prevalence is 2-4% in men and 1-2% in women of average age. The aim of this work was presenting a literature review in Medline concerning Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A review of the articles ranging from 1980 to 2014 has been done. Over 2000 articles were found and those which give useful information about etiology, diagnosis, therapy and found results after the study were selected and evaluated. In literature there is no unanimous opinion on the treatment of OSAS. According to the majority of the authors it should be multidisciplinary. The choice of therapy is predicated on the etiology, severity and natural history of the increased upper airway resistance. The importance of a praecox diagnosis and orthodontic therapy in order to re-establish normal function is underlined, since OSAS is linked with high risk of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, daytime sleepiness, home and work-related accidents, with consequent worsening of life quality.
The availability of cryopreserved hepatocytes is required for a more widespread use of hepatocyte transplantation, but human hepatocytes are easily damaged during freezing-thawing. Here, ...preincubation with unconjugated bilirubin, a physiological antioxidant, resulted in increased viability and function of hepatocytes (as determined by trypan blue exclusion, mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenases activity, urea synthesis, and cytochrome P450 1A/2) compared with cells incubated without the pigment. These findings suggest that unconjugated bilirubin may be used as cryoprotectant in clinical hepatocyte transplantation.
In this paper we present an investigation on different aspects of the module assembly for back contacted n-type solar cells; in our case implemented on ISC's "Zebra" IBC cell. With all contacts on ...the rear, new possibilities and challenges arise. The study is conducted on one cell mini-modules, "rear half"- and "front half"- mini-modules. It is aiming to minimize the overall cell to module (CTM) loss and to maximize module robustness against climate chamber tests. Electrical losses are evaluated using different interconnection schemes whereby optical losses are studied by utilizing novel encapsulant layers; long term stability is probed with climate chamber testing (TC200/400), PID and surface polarization tests.
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