Promising ever more Håkansson, Nicklas; Naurin, Elin
Party politics,
05/2016, Letnik:
22, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This study argues that three recent societal trends have increased parties’ incentives to give election promises in campaigns: the increasing volatility of voters, the professionalization and ...marketization of politics, and the mediatization of politics. Arguments are empirically tested on the case of Sweden between 1991 and 2010. All promises presented in election manifestos by Swedish parliamentary parties are analyzed, enabling analyses of six elections, nine parties, 44 manifestos and almost 4000 election promises. We find that Swedish parties increased their pledge making considerably during the period, from an average of 46 per manifesto to 149. Specific promises have increased, as have the pledges that are unrelated to other parties’ pledges. Altogether, the results point at an increasingly specific vote choice for voters.
News interviews are contexts in which political responsibilities are articulated and negotiated. Although the accountability interview is recognized as a commonsense practice in journalism, and the ...research on political interviews is substantial, it partly remains to explore how responsibilities are negotiated in different forms of questioning in journalism. This study investigates three generic forms of questioning: accountability questioning, the clarifying of promises, and the principal assessments. Key features of the different forms are specified. The empirical study investigates how the questionings are performed in news on industrial crises in Sweden, in the different political regimes in the 1970s and the 2000s. The data consist of 27 news interviews with the formally responsible Ministers. The method is based on Conversation Analysis and includes detailed analyses of questions and answers. The study shows (1) how the forms of questioning differ when it comes to the action agenda and in how responsibilities are invoked and negotiated; (2) how the questionings tend to reproduce particular expectations of Governmental interventions; (3) how increased assertiveness and adversarialness in interviewing coincide with reduced expectations of political responsibilities.
The Mediatization of Political Accountability Djerf-Pierre, Monika; Ekström, Mats; Håkansson, Nicklas ...
Journalism studies (London, England),
05/2014, Letnik:
15, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This study investigates how political accountability, as a key democratic principle, is performed in the media and how the practices and representations of accountability are transformed over time by ...the influences of mediatization. The implications of mediatization are analyzed with a focus on how aspects of media dramaturgy and independent journalism influence news reporting of political responsibility and how politicians are held to account in the media. The effects of mediatization are understood as conditioned by other structural changes in political life, in particular depoliticization. The empirical study is designed as a comparison of news reports on two national industrial crises in 1980-1982 and 2008-2011, and is based on content analyses of daily morning newspapers, evening tabloids, and regional and local newspapers. The study provides evidence for a non-linear understanding of mediatization. Significant aspects of media dramaturgy are shown to be rather stable between the two time periods whilst the journalistic independence and interpretations increase as expected. The hypothesis of depoliticization receives some support although the results are not unambiguous.
Political rhetoric may be regarded as unchanging, following ancient and universal rules of persuasion. However, scholars sometimes argue that political language has changed substantially over the ...last decades, due to its adaptation to media logic or to new modes of electoral competition. In this article I propose a model for empirical research of party propaganda in different election campaign channels. Rather than to offer a comprehensive view of political rhetoric, this model is designed to provide more knowledge of what media changes may have meant for the language of political parties. Does election rhetoric vary systematically? If so, does rhetoric change over time, adopting qualities associated with media logic? Or, do we find a non-changing pattern which can better be explained by party competition factors? Three rhetorical dimensions are identified in the model: message concreteness, direction, and identity construction. These correspond to hypothesised media effects, as well as being relevant to parties making strategic campaign choices.
Studien syftade till att skapa en förståelse för vilka stereotyper som datorspelare tillskriver sig själva och andra. Detta har synliggjorts genom att visa hur olika stereotyper ges uttryck samt hur ...datorspelare, genom språkanvändning, positionerar sig själva och andra i relation till dessa stereotyper. Frågan om internets ökade roll för datorspelsvärldens intensiva utveckling utgör en intressant fråga för det socialpsykologiska fältet. Internet skapar en plattform för öppen diskussion och det är intressant för det socialpsykologiska fältet att studera hur dessa diskussioner utspelar sig och hur de medverkar till att forma vad som ses som sanning. Tidigare forskning på ämnet har genomsyrats av kvantitativa och psykologiska tillvägagångssätt och har visat att det fortfarande finns mycket att lära om hur stereotyper används och ges uttryck i det vardagliga livet. Som grund för vår teoretiska referensram låg socialkonstruktionismen och dess teorier. Studien har fokuserat på diskussioner och kommentarer uttryckta i text där den kritiska diskursanalysen utgjort en lämplig metod med hänsyn till syftet. Med hjälp av analysverktygen tolkningsrepertoar och subjektsposition har vi kunnat visa hur yttranden och avståndstaganden i vårt material utmynnade i olika stereotypa beskrivningar som datorspelande individer använde för att beskriva sig själva och andra. De stereotypa utsagor som studien tagit del av har främst varit inriktade på diskriminering mellan kön, ålder och etnicitet men även talat för ett stigma gentemot datorspelande i allmänhet. Resultatet kopplades slutligen till en större samhällelig kontext.
This study aimed to create an understanding of the stereotypes that video game players attribute to themselves and others. This was revealed by demonstrating how different stereotypes were given expression as well as how video game players used language to position themselves in relation to these stereotypes. The increased role that the internet plays in the intensive worldwide development of video games is an interesting question for the field of social psychology. The internet creates a platform that provides room and opportunity for public discussion and it is interesting for the field of social psychology to study how these discussions take place and how they help shape what can be considered as truth. Previous research on the subject of video game stereotypes has been permeated by quantitative and psychological approaches and has revealed that there is still much to learn when it comes to understanding how stereotypes are used and expressed in everyday life. Our theoretical framework consisted of social constructionism and its theories. Our study focused on written discussions and comments expressed on online gaming forums, where critical discourse analysis provided an appropriate method in relation to the purpose of the study. By using the analytical tools interpretative repertoires and subject positions we managed to distinguish how there exists different stereotypes of video game players and how those stereotypes came to affect how players describe themselves and others. The stereotypical assertions that the study took part of were primarily focused on discrimination between gender, age and ethnicity, but also showed the existence of a stigma towards video gaming in general. Our result was then transferred to a larger social context.
