AbstractA level playing field is key for global participation in science and scholarship, particularly with regard to how scientific publications are financed and subsequently accessed. However, ...there are potential pitfalls of the so-called “Gold” open-access (OA) route, in which author-paid publication charges cover the costs of production and publication.Gold OA plans in which author charges are required may not solve the access problem, but rather may shift the access barrier from reader to writer. Under such plans, everyone may be free to read papers, but it may still be prohibitively expensive to publish them. In a scholarly community that is increasingly global, spread over more and more regions and countries of the world, these publication access barriers may be quite significant.In the present paper, a global suite of colleagues in academe joins this debate. The group of colleagues, a network of researchers active in scholarly publishing, spans four continents and multiple disciplines in the natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences, as well as diverse political and economic situations. We believe that this global sampling of researchers can provide the nuance and perspective necessary to grasp this complex problem. The group was assembled without an attempt to achieve global coverage through random sampling.This contribution differs from other approaches to the open-access problem in several fundamental ways. (A) It is scholar-driven, and thus can represent the ‘other side of the coin’ of scholarly communication. (B) It focuses on narrative report, where scholars were free to orient their responses as they saw fit, rather than being confined to binary or scalar choices. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, (C) it distinguishes among institutions and countries and situations, highlighting inequalities of access among wealthy and economically-challenged nations, and also within countries depending on the size and location of particular institutions.
A level playing field is key for global participation in science and scholarship, particularly with regard to how scientific publications are financed and subsequently accessed. However, there are ...potential pitfalls of the so-called "Gold" open-access (OA) route, in which author-paid publication charges cover the costs of production and publication. Gold OA plans in which author charges are required may not solve the access problem, but rather may shift the access barrier from reader to writer. In a scholarly community that is increasingly global, spread over more and more regions and countries of the world, these publication access barriers may be quite significant. In the present paper, a global suite of colleagues in academe joins this debate. The group of colleagues, a network of researchers active in scholarly publishing, spans four continents and multiple disciplines in the natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences, as well as diverse political and economic situations.
Druga sprememba je kontekstualizacija literarnih dejstev. Fantazma avtonomne literature, ki se podvaja v fantazmi avtonomne literarne vede (obe sta bili mogoci le ob redukciji literarnovednega ...interesa na zgolj eno komponento, to je besedilo, in zgolj eno funkcijo besedila, to je estetsko), se je umaknila potrebi po kompleksnejsem razumevanju literature. Druzbena vpetost literature ni za slovensko literarno vedo sicer nic novega, sveze pa je prepricanje, da pojma slovenske knjizevnosti ni smiselno omejevati na t. i. izvirno knjizevnost oz. knjizevnost v slovenscini (torej z vkljucevanjem prevodov), ampak da je z bralskega stalisca pomembna tudi knjizevnost v drugih jezikih, ki je bila predmet literarnega konzuma na tem prostoru in je tu tudi nastajala. Dosledno upostevanje tega spoznanja bi pomenilo, da k sodelovanju v tematski stevilki povabimo tudi predstavnike drugih filologij na Slovenskem, ki bi prispevali pogled na raziskave nemske, latinske, angleske ... knjizevnosti pri nas. Ker bi bila taka razsiritev predmetnega podrocja v okviru tematske stevilke tezko izvedljiva in ker se je ne glede na to, da je na popularnem nivoju prilascanje neslovensko pisocih avtorjev, kot so Louis Adamic, Alma Karlin, Ana Wambrechtsamer, Maja Haderlap, samoumevno, vendarle zdela prevec radikalna, se je nacrt zadovoljil s simbolicnim zastopstvom v obliki pregleda primerjalnoknjizevnih in germanisticnih studij na Slovenskem, katerih neobhodna specifika je prav upostevanje konteksta slovenske knjizevnosti; nazadnje se je moral odpovedati tudi temu.
A Cobiss search with the key words prostor* 'space' and related words (dogajalisce 'setting', lokacija 'location', kraj 'place', pokrajina 'region', 'country', gore 'mountains', Bela krajina, ...Prekmurje, Gorenjska, mesto 'city', morje 'sea', kras 'karst', Istra, and so forth), restricted to studies of Slovene letters yielded over a hundred relevant hits. The listing of hits for the subject Slovene studies of space in literature is accessible and after sorting is being expanded on the Wikiversity project page Literature and Space. Although the bibliography is not complete-Cobiss entries going back do not contain key words and are therefore difficult to track down; and chapters on space in literary histories are not entered-it does offer a historical outline of the topic. Space also appears in publication titles in the syntagmas kulturni prostor 'cultural space', prostor literature 'the space of literature', literatura kot simbioticni prostor 'literature as symbiotic space', and umetniski prostor 'artistic space'; however, studies with space in such metaphorical meanings are omitted from the overview. Chronologically viewed, the hits show continual interest in the topic of space in letters. The most publications were in 2006 (to a great extent because of the publication of the Seminar on Slovene Language, Literature, and Culture proceedings, devoted to the theme of the town, and the Slovene Slavic Society collection of studies on the theme of regionalism) and 2008, but the growing number of hits must also be attributed to increasingly exact bibliographical descriptions.
Tematizacija prostora se je v slovenski literarni vedi dogajala v okviru naratologije, žanrskih raziskav kmečke in pokrajinske povesti ter zgodovinskega romana, tematoloških in interkulturnih ...literarnozgodovinskih študij. Obilico podatkov o literarnem prostoru je najti v opombah k Zbranim delom slovenskih pesnikov in pisateljev, zlasti v kritični izdaji opusa Ivana Tavčarja v uredništvu Marje Boršnik. Opombe so tešile radovednost glede realnih predlog za literarna dogajališča in za prostore avtorjevega bivanja, v neskladjih med literarnim in zgodovinsko izpričanim geografskim prostorom pa so odkrivale delovanje avtorjeve kreativne domišljije.
Turki v slovenski zgodovinski povesti Hladnik, Miran
Slavia Meridionalis. Studia linguistica Slavica et Balcanica,
01/2011, Letnik:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Turks in the Slovene historical novel Due to the Ottoman incursions in the 15th and 16th Century Turks play a role of national enemy in the Slovene cultural memory. The Turkish story consists of ...about 40 narratives of substantial length and is a prominent genre type of the Slovene historical novel. Josip Jurčič’s Jurij Kozjak, slovenski janičar (1864) is an archetype. Among three possible models of confronting the Other it chooses the most popular strategy for national survival, i. e. ignoring the Other: sooner or later dangerous Turks prove themselve as disguised Slovenes, hence abolishing the need to face the Other. The authors of the Slovene Turkish story include Jakob Sket (Miklova Zala, 1884), Franc Valentin Slemenik, Miroslav Malovrh, Lea Fatur, France Bevk, Ivan Lah, Ivan Sivec, etc. Turcy w słoweńskiej prozie historycznej W kulturowej pamięci Słoweńców Turcy jako najeźdźcy ziem słoweńskich w XV i XVI wieku zajmują miejsce wrogów narodu. Opowiadanie o tematyce tureckiej (ich liczba wynosi niemal 40) jest ważnym gatunkiem w słoweńskiej prozie historycznej. Jego pierwowzór, Jurij Kozjak, slovenski janičar (1864) Josipa Jurčiča, stworzył taki model zbiorowego doświadczenia, który podtrzymuje iluzję, że wrogi Inny właściwie nie istnieje: wcześniej czy później okazuje się bowiem, że niebezpieczni Turcy są jedynie przebranymi miejscowymi wieśniakami. Opowiadania o tematyce tureckiej pisali m.in. Jakob Sket (Miklova Zala, 1884), Franc Valentin Slemenik, Miroslav Malovrh, Lea Fatur, France Bevk, Ivan Lah, Ivan Sivec.
Descriptions of life in Ljubljana were more frequent and are known as the Ljubljana tale genre. The main content in Tavcar's »novella« Janez Solnce (1885-1886) is a literary representation of a ...historical report about the ceremony during the visit of emperor Leopold I in Ljubljana in 1660. The exceptional amount of historical data in this work cause it to resemble Jurcic's Ivan Erazem Tatenbach and later novels, written by professors. The nineteenth-century separation of historiographical data from fiction is most evident in two of Bohinjc's stories, both of which take place in Ljubljana. The Najmlajsi mojster, »a tale from 1608« The youngest master 1896, is not only set in Ljubljana, but its main subject is the Ljubljana residents and their life. The Ljubljana tale does not always have a historical theme and can therefore be categorized under other genres. Examples are Miroslav Malovrh's novels Pod novim orlom Under a new eagle 1904, V Studentskih ulicah In Students Streets 1910, and Zaljubljeni kapucin A Capuchin in love 1910, and Umirajoce duse Dying Souls 1929 by Ilka Vaste, as well as Jus Kozak's Sentpeter Saint Peter 1931. The Ljubljana earthquake of Easter Sunday (14 April) 1895 was the subject of reportages and sensational treatments. Grozni dnevi potresa v Ljubljani Terrifying days during the earthquake in Ljubljana and Velikonedeljski potres v Ljubljani 14. aprila 1895 l. in cesarjev obisk The Easter Sunday earthquake in Ljubljana on 14 April 1985 and the emperor's visit were both published in 1895. The Ljubljana earthquake was also the topic of several novels, like Potresna povest Earthquake tale 1903 by Fran Maselj Podlimbarski and Tereza by Katarina Marincic (1989). Inspired by the anniversary of earthquake and by the tender of a literary award, Jani Virk and Kajetan Kovic used the Ljubljana earthquake as a background in their love stories. Jani Virk published 1895, potres 1895, earthquake in 1995. In 1996, Kajetan Kovic's Profesor domisljije: Ljubljanska zgodba The professor of phantasy: A Ljubljana tale, appeared. It was a kind of Ljubljana Madame Bovary. The local-historical genre has been productive recently, being fueled by family and genealogical research, as in Vinko Korosak's Kmecka dinastija A Rural dynasty 2003, Ivanka Mestnik's Grenki kruh Bitter bread 2003; archeological excavations, as in Rasto Bozic's Mesto situl City of urns 2008; and sometimes tourist interest, like in Dusan Merc, Potopljeni zvon Drowned bell 2004 and Janez Svajncer's Gostilna na ovinku The tavern at the turn 2002. The boundary between belles lettres and non-fiction has gradually diminished with the addition of a wealth of photo and archival documentation and historiographical introductions and afterwords. 1 Lists of local sponsors and dictionaries of local expressions at the end of these kind of works are an indication of local status and sometimes of the writer's bibliophilic ambitions. An example is Rudi Simac's Legenda o sveti Heleni in sveti Marjeti A Legend about Holy Helen and Holy Margareth 2008. Authors and sponsors share conviction that intense contemporary interest in home town history and referring to the local past is necessary for comprehending daily cultural routine. The latest venture of this kind was the tender of a literary prize for depicting Ptuj in the framework of the European Cultural Capital project. It resulted in a series of novels in different genres in the collection Zapisani v Ptuj Writtten in Ptuj: Miha Remec's Mitrejin koder ali Casovna struna v Petoviono Mitreya's curl or Time string into Petoviona 2011, Zdenko Kodric's Neboticnik Mitra Skyscraper Mitra 2011, Jani Virk's Kar je odnesla reka, kar je odnesel dim: Zgodba iz srednjega veka What was taken by the river, what was taken by the smoke: A story from the Medieval era 2012, and Feri Lainscek's Orkester za poljube The orchestra for kisses, which is to be published in 2012. When reading historic tales, several questions may arise about how literary opuses are influenced by physical, anthropological, and social characteristics of geographical space through the history; how literature presented living spaces and in what way this influenced social perceptions of place; about how literature linked different community identities, particularly national identity, to spaces. In the project The Space of Slovene Literary Culture: Literary History and GIS Spatial Analysis, we attempt to respond to these and similar questions. The main goal of this project is to examine the development of reciprocal influences between predominantly Slovene geographical space and Slovene literature during the period 1780-1940. Four data compilations were designed specifically for mapping Slovene literary culture: literary-historical data about authors' lives, the network of literary institutions, media infrastructure, and memorials. For research on places represented in literature, which has a marginal role in this project, we tentatively adopted an existing database of settings in the Slovene historical tale (Miran Hladnik and Jakopin 1999). This trial was not a repetition, confirmation, rejection, or modification of previous conclusions that were reached based on the compilation of settings. It was, rather, a conversion of spatial data from its existing text format into a geographical information system, which permits spatial analyses of tabulated data and graphical presentation of results in the form of thematic maps. Since the initial goal is simply to evaluate the ArcGIS software, only forty-eight historical tales were used. The criterion for their selection was the inclusion of authors, the publishing houses and journals they worked with, where they published, and story settings in other project data compilations. This will allow at least partially facilitate making connections, comparing, and spatially analyzing data. To a certain degree, selection of works was based on their representativeness in terms of authorial productivity and areal and genre representation.
Zgodovinske povesti so povečini umeščene v geografsko določljiv prostor, ki ga je mogoče kartirati na zemljevidih. Ti imajo zaradi slikovne predstavitve stvarnosti veliko sporočilno vrednost. Analize ...in upodobitve na zemljevidih s pomočjo geografskih informacijskih sistemov zahtevajo predhodno vzpostavitev tabelaričnih podatkov. Podatkovna zbirka slovenskega zgodovinskega romana iz leta 1999 vsebuje tudi podatke o dogajališčih, ki so bili za potrebe vzorčne predstavitve na spletnih zemljevidih dopolnjeni in poenoteni za 48 izbranih romanov od skupaj 310 vpisanih. Članek popisuje izkušnje in dileme z označevanjem dogajališč v romanih in razlaga pripravo podatkov za novo podatkovno zbirko in za njihovo prezentacijo na zemljevidu. Pripenja jih na dosedanje ugotovitve o značaju in vlogi prostora v tem žanru, poroča pa tudi od rugih postavitvah literarnih in literarnovednih podatkov na zemljevide.
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