The ternary system of Serbocroatian demonstrative pronouns, ovaj/taj/onaj, connected to the three grammatical persons, is comparable to Latin hic/iste/ille or to Spanish este/ese/aquel. The same ...three stem elements, -v-, -t-, -n-, are repeated in the pronouns ovakav/takav/onakav, ovoliki/toliki/onoliki, as well as in several sets of adverbs (ovd(j)e/tu/ond(j)e, etc.) and in the presentatives evo/eto/eno. In most of the existing Serbocroatian grammars and dictionaries these demonstratives are not satisfactorily defined, their uses are only partially described, and their interrelationships are not taken into account. An outline for a more systematic description of the three pronouns is offered here, adaptable to both grammars and dictionaries. It is important to distinguish between three types of use, exophoric (relative to the space or the time of the communication), anaphoric (referring to parts of the preceding text) and cataphoric (referring to what follows). A special problem is the analysis of the neuter forms (ovo, to, ono), which have many special uses (as actualizers, connectors, pseudo-adverbs etc.), so that lexicographers are often uncertain whether to define them as pronouns or as 'particles' (recce). PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Neologisms in present-day Serbian Klajn, Ivan
International journal of the sociology of language,
9/2001, Letnik:
2001, Številka:
151
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article analyzes the basic patterns by which neologisms have been introduced into Serbian over the last few decades. The focus of attention is primarily on borrowings (Graecisms, Latinisms, ...Anglicisms, Anglo-Graecisms, Anglo-Latinisms, common Europeanisms, & calques formed in "translation," along with Gallicisms, Italianisms, Germanisms, Russianisms, etc.). The main derivational patterns native to Serbian (prefixation, suffixation, compounding, etc.) are explained as well. At the end, in a special section, neologisms are categorized & annotated according to culturally defined basic areas of life & knowledge in politics (bureaucracy, administration, etc.), in technical innovations & technologies of various kinds, in the media, in entertainment, in fashion, & in sports. Linguistic & nonlinguistic observations are offered on the main tendencies in the field of neologisms, addressing the distaste of Standard Serbian for puristic tendencies, the remarkable openness of the Serbian lexicon to internationalisms, the predominance of Anglicisms of the new age, the relative "lack of inventiveness" of Serbian when it needs to name new technical & technological imports, & the lack of institutionally organized foresight for the language in terms of standardizing its terminology. 12 References. Adapted from the source document.
Neologisms in present-day Serbian Klajn, Ivan
International journal of the sociology of language,
01/2001, Letnik:
151
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article analyzes the basic patterns by which neologisms have been introduced into Serbian over the last few decades. The focus of attention is primarily on borrowings (Graecisms, Latinisms, ...Anglicisms, Anglo-Graecisms, Anglo-Latinisms, common Europeanisms, & calques formed in "translation," along with Gallicisms, Italianisms, Germanisms, Russianisms, etc.). The main derivational patterns native to Serbian (prefixation, suffixation, compounding, etc.) are explained as well. At the end, in a special section, neologisms are categorized & annotated according to culturally defined basic areas of life & knowledge in politics (bureaucracy, administration, etc.), in technical innovations & technologies of various kinds, in the media, in entertainment, in fashion, & in sports. Linguistic & nonlinguistic observations are offered on the main tendencies in the field of neologisms, addressing the distaste of Standard Serbian for puristic tendencies, the remarkable openness of the Serbian lexicon to internationalisms, the predominance of Anglicisms of the new age, the relative "lack of inventiveness" of Serbian when it needs to name new technical & technological imports, & the lack of institutionally organized foresight for the language in terms of standardizing its terminology. 12 References. Adapted from the source document
The verbal aspect in Serbian has been studied extensively, with particular attention to the special meanings (Aktonsarten) of the two aspects. It should be noted, however, that the verbs cited as ...examples, even in the best of grammars, are often too few, untypical, sometimes obsolete, or inadequate as illustrations of a particular fact, especially for verbs which do not form aspectual pairs. Lexicographers may be expected to prepare lists of verbs, classified according to their aspect and their reciprocal relations, which would help the grammarians in choosing examples. The following such lists are offered in this paper: a) perfective verbs without an imperfective correlate, b) imperfective verbs without a perfective correlate, c) rare and unusual imperfective correlates, d) rare and unusual perfective correlates, e) aspectual pairs disrupted by semantic differences, f) biaspectual verbs without suffixes, g) biaspectual verbs ending in -ovati, -irati or -isati. It is observed that biaspectual verbs are very similar to imperfective verbs used in a perfective sense (brisati = izbrisati, stradati = nastradati, zvoniti = zazvoniti, etc.), but that the two phenomena should nonetheless be kept apart. Adapted from the source document
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