The aim of the following discussions to describe the basic characteristics of the historical research of tourism in Slovenia. Our purpose is twofold. In the first part we will undertake an analysis ...of the conceptual foundations of the Slovenian tourism research in the context of the Slovenian economic history. On the other hand we also wish to present the basic developmental aspects of tourism in Slovenia in the context of the wider economic and social development or the context of the consumer society. To put it more succinctly, we wish to present the interpretational framework and basic substantive emphases that the authors use in their presentations of the developmental characteristics of tourism in the 19th and 20th century. Through these optics we will outline the basic developmental orientations on the example of the establishment of the models of tourist consumption practices. Already in the introduction we wish to underline the basic dimension of this discussion as well, as its purpose is to present only the most characteristic points in the research of tourism in Slovenia. However, by no means do we want to draw up a commented bibliography of historiographic articles, discussions or monographs on tourism as an economic or social‑cultural activity in Slovenia. The available space is far too limited for such an endeavour. Thus we only intend to present the most prominent research or publications from the research of the history of tourism in Slovenia from the viewpoint of conceptualisation or from the standpoint of thematisation. We also have to emphasise that this involves a subjective outlook of the author.
In this article, I examine foreign investment in the socialist enterprise in the former Yugoslavia based on the case study of Kolektor in the context of the liberalized communist social and economic ...order. Foreign investments were allowed in the form of joint ventures. I present these investments from the viewpoint of economic reforms, the concept of socialist enterprise, and the concept of economic development, which enabled foreign investments and shaped regulation and the structure of foreign investments in Yugoslavia. The history of the case of Kolektor began at a time when Slovenia still belonged to the former Yugoslavia, which was arguably a liberalized type of communist economic system. This was during the Cold War, when both Europe and the rest of the world were divided essentially along the lines of the communist east and the capitalist west. The Kolektor Company was established in 1963 as a state socialist enterprise for the manufacture of the rotary electrical switches known as commutators. From the outset, the company tried to establish international cooperation to acquire modern technology. In 1968, it reached an agreement with the West German Company Kautt & Bux, which at the time was the technological and market leader in the production of commutators. Kautt & Bux invested in Kolektor and became an owner of 49 percent of the company. The investment proved very profitable for both partners. The Slovenian side got access to modern technology and expertise, and the German side got additional production facilities, skilled workers, and low-cost production, which increased its competitiveness on international markets.
This book is the first attempt to bridge the current divide between studies addressing ‘economic nationalism’ as a deliberate ideology and movement of economic ‘nation-building’, and the literature ...concerned with more diffuse expressions of economic ‘nationness’ – from national economic symbols and memories, to the ‘banal’ world of product communicationThe editors seeks to highlight the importance of economic issues for the study of nations and nationalism, and its findings point to the need to give economic phenomena a more prominent place in the field of nationalism studies. The authors of the essays come from disciplines as diverse as economic and cultural history, political science, business studies, as well as sociology and anthropology. Their chapters address the nationalism-economy nexus in a variety of realms, including trade, foreign investment, and national control over resources, as well as consumption, migration, and welfare state policies. Some of the case studies have a historical focus on nation-building in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, while others are concerned with contemporary developments. Several contributions provide in-depth analyses of single cases while others employ a comparative method. The geographical focus of the contributions vary widely, although, on balance, the majority of our authors deal with European countries.
We propose a new model for landslide dynamics under the assumption of a delay failure mechanism. Delay failure is simulated as a delayed interaction between adjacent blocks, which mimics the ...relationship between the accumulation and feeder part of the accumulation slope. The conducted research consisted of three phases. Firstly, the real observed movements of the landslide were examined to exclude the existence or the statistically significant presence of background noise. Secondly, we propose a new mechanical model of an accumulation landslide dynamics, with introduced delay failure, and with variable friction law. Results obtained indicate the onset of a transition from an equilibrium state to an oscillatory regime if delayed failure is assumed for different cases of slope stiffness and state of homogeneity/heterogeneity of the slope. At the end, we examine the influence of different frictional properties (along the sliding surface) on the conditions for the onset of instability. Results obtained indicate that the increase of friction parameters leads to stabilization of sliding for homogeneous geological environment. Moreover, increase of certain friction parameters leads to the occurrence of irregular aperiodic behavior, which could be ascribed to the regime of fast irregular sliding along the slope.
The replacement of elites was integral to the adoption of a centrally planned economy based on the Soviet model. As a result of the changes in the political and economic system pre-war elites were ...completely stripped of their social functions, and their members were politically and socially marginalised as individuals. The ways in which elites were recruited changed. Education or expertise did not remain crucial factors in the recruitment process, evident in the fact that in 1948 as much as 68 percent of the leading cadre of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had only primary school education, while an additional ten per cent had not even completed this level of education. Political loyalty in the form of Communist party membership was the most important criterion. In the centralised structure of that time individual members of the Communist Party leadership also played an extremely important role. A large group of collaborators and supporters formed around them, who then occupied the leading positions at various levels of economic life.
The nations discussed here (Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece) have in common - with the exception of Italy, that is - that they used to be on the margins of European economic and social ...developments. Only Italy succeeded in industrialising itself already prior to World War I. This fundamental trait also determined the developmental path of modern-era banking. Hereby, two important points in the course of development of banking in the Southern European countries need to be emphasised. To begin with, if the lands of the North-Western Europe were large capital exporters, then the South European nations were the importers of this capital. The role of foreign capital, i.e., foreign banks, was great and irreplaceable in the development of banking. The second element in common was a large role of state in the economy in general. Under the circumstances of underdeveloped entrepreneurial environment, the state, through its economic activities, would become the driving force of overall economic and social development. This was also or especially the case with banking. Role played by the state only began to diminish towards the end of the 1980s, in the course of the processes of deregulation and liberalisation both at the international level as well as within the then European Economic Community or subsequent European Union. Already during the preparatory processes prior to the admission into the European Economic Community, Spain, Greece and Portugal, and, however, Italy as well, but due to European Directives it had to abide by, began comprehensive processes of restructuring their national banking systems. Since the second half of the 1980s, banking systems were subjected to liberalisation, deregulation and privatisation.
Interpretations of the Yugoslav historical experience usually begin and end with authors exposing long-term political, social, and economic instability, and seeking the origins of this instability in ...extraordinary diverse sources; specifically the country’s intense social, economic, and cultural differences at the regional level. Furthermore, regional differences in the past often coincided with ethnic classifications. During its existence, Yugoslavia responded to the challenges of intense regional differences—and consequently also conflict-charged relations among the country’s constituent parts—through a series of institutional changes, which decentralized the decision-making processes of the political and economic order. The aim of these decentralizing processes was
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