In the article the author is discussing the issue of development and emancipation of economic history as a discipline in Slovenia, more precisely within the research field of historiography. The ...discussion, which is limited on modern period, points out the most significant economic history books and articles and their authors from the viewpoint of methodology, concepts, thematizations and reference backgrounds. It is strongly emphasized that we are dealing with the diversity of economic historiography in Slovenia. Within economic historiography cohabitate two approaches, traditional and modern, descriptive and problems or analysis oriented. Slovene economic historiography started with establishment in the 1960s on the basis of traditional methodological approach, without clear concepts and categories. Important shift was made in the 1990s, when process of modernization started in Slovene economic historiography. In the historical overview we also need to mention the important role of some Slovene social scientist in the process of formation of economic historiography.
The expanded third edition of the Historical Dictionary of Slovenia covers personalities and events that have made a mark on Slovenia in the more than a decade since the last edition. This includes ...new entries related to Slovenia’s first 13 years as a member of NATO and the EU, changing diplomatic relations with its neighbors and other global states and institutions, a new crop of politicians who have upended the political status quo, entries related to Slovenia’s worst 21st century recession (2008-2013), nationwide protests against corruption, and many other developments. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Slovenia contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Slovenia.
The interwar period represents a turning point for both the Slovenian and Yugoslav banking. During that time Slovenia had a functionally comprehensive banking system. Schematically, joint-stock banks ...primarily emphasised the entrepreneurial sector as its target group, while the credit cooperatives (an important banking institution in Slovenia) mostly covered the needs of the rural population through their elaborate network. Savings banks, established by the local authorities (in Yugoslavia these banks were specific for the Slovenian banking) often engaged in business relations with their founders and urban small and medium-sized businesses. In the 1930s, with the onset of the Great Depression and the all-encompassing lack of trust, the business success indicators worsened dramatically. In consequence, the savings deposits in Slovenia decreased by a third, and the regression continued further as the population transferred their deposits to banks offering state guarantee. During the crisis the banks had to write off a significant percentage of their capital; each year they reduced the volume of loans they provided to the economy, and hence their total assets were also reduced. On the other hand, due to the general feeling of uncertainty in times of crisis, the banks increased (almost doubled) their cash holdings. The situation improved in the second half of the 1930s through active state policy and the measures undertaken for the rehabilitation of the banking system. However, not even right before World War II was the Slovenian banking restored to its pre-crisis level in terms of scale of operations, acquired resources, volume of loans and amount of return. As at the Yugoslav level, the significance of state banks, which started to replace the private banking sector, also rose in Slovenia.
An analysis of shear characteristics on the concrete–rock mass interface is presented, in order to simulate the effect of load at the contact of concrete structure of the dam and the rock foundation. ...The analysis is based on the real mechanism of shear, which is different from the so-called the “saw tooth” model that simulate the walls of joints in the rock mass. As a result, the analytic form of shear deformation and shear strength as a function of normal and shear loads, as well as the mechanical characteristics of the rock mass, is established. In this way, mathematical models are derived that can be used for structural analysis of Concrete Dams for the Preliminary Design level. The models are developed on the basis of a large number of shear tests carried out on the concrete blocks at the concrete dam sites, during the period from the seventies to the present day.
•Characteristics of shear at the contact of concrete–rock mass.•Analytical expressions for the shear modulus and strength as a function of normal and shear stress and deformation of bedrock.•New interpretation of the shear mechanism until failure at the concrete-rock mass contact.
This paper presents the results of examination of shear properties of rockfills used for the construction of rockfill dams. Based on the results of a large number of experiments, mathematical model ...of the shear strength of the rockfill was derived, as a function of normal stress, initial compaction and uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock material. Using this model it is possible to make a realistic assessment of the shear strength of a rockfill for the Preliminary Design. The experimental data used for modelling were obtained by direct shear tests performed in the majority at the “Jaroslav Cerni” Institute for Development of Water Resources in Belgrade, Serbia.
The paper describes the results of making the mathematical and physical models of the authors, by using analogous methods and materials. There is the mathematical rock mass deformability model as a ...base for foundation engineering a concrete arch dam and the physical rock slope model which was tested by loading until failure and the results were compared with the calculation procedure. In the first example the correlation is established between the static and the analogous dynamic in situ investigations for creating the mathematical rock mass deformability model. In the second example there is application of the analogous materials for the discontinuity shearing simulation on the physical slope model. The results of the geotechnical in situ investigations and laboratory testing carried out in the Institute for Development of Water Resources "Jaroslav Cerni" in Belgrade were used for making the models.
•The original criterion of prestressing used in hydraulic concrete tunnel linings.•A new method of measuring water losses in the tunnel is presented.•The original mathematical model is used to ...control the impermeability.
Present paper presents the application of pressure grouting in hydraulic tunnels subjected to high internal pressure of water. Structural analysis of the pressure grouting used for pre-stressing of concrete lining is shown along with the methods used to control the pressure grouting effects. The paper also presents a new experimental method for measuring the loss of water along the complete tunnel under operating conditions and a mathematical model for the evaluation of tunnel impermeability and functionality. All presented test methods have been developed and all measurements were performed by the “Jaroslav Cerni” Institute for Development of Water Resources in Belgrade (Serbia). These methods are presented on the example of a hydraulic tunnel of the “Bajina Basta” pumped storage plant in Serbia, during the stages of its construction and operation.
The replacement of elites was integral to the adoption of a centrally planned economy based on the Soviet model. As a result of the changes in the political and economic system pre-war elites were ...completely stripped of their social functions, and their members were politically and socially marginalised as individuals. The ways in which elites were recruited changed. Education or expertise did not remain crucial factors in the recruitment process, evident in the fact that in 1948 as much as 68 percent of the leading cadre of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had only primary school education, while an additional ten per cent had not even completed this level of education. Political loyalty in the form of Communist party membership was the most important criterion. In the centralised structure of that time individual members of the Communist Party leadership also played an extremely important role. A large group of collaborators and supporters formed around them, who then occupied the leading positions at various levels of economic life.
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