► We measured flat and spherical samples. ► We used stylus profilometer, infinite focus and confocal laser scanning microscopes. ► We obtained the mathematical models of Ra and Rz roughness ...parameters.
The quantitative determination of surface roughness is of vital importance in the field of precision engineering. This paper presents an experimental study of the roughness analyses for the flat and spherical surfaces of machined metal in order to compare the roughness data taken from the cloud data produced by the stylus type profilometer and two optical-based measurement instruments, namely the infinite focus microscope and the confocal laser scanning microscope.
In this experimental study, the roughness measurements for fifteen flat and six spherical surfaces were repeated six times using three different measurement instruments. Great care was paid to measure the same location for each measurement. For the comparison of the measurement techniques, the same measurement process was applied to the flat and spherical surfaces individually, and the configurations of the measurement instruments (filter type, cut-off, resolution etc.) were synchronized.
R
a
, two-dimensional (2D) roughness parameter and
S
a
, three-dimensional (3D) roughness parameter were also compared. The measurement results for the samples having spherical surfaces indicated a considerably high difference in values taken from the stylus profilometer and two optical-based measurement instruments in contrast to those for flat surfaces.
The importance of computer-aided measurement techniques as a means of controlling industrial manufacturing and testing technical products with high accuracy increases ever more with the general goal ...of improving the quality of all kinds of products. This development started about 20 years ago and is still improving. Especially, computer-aided co-ordinate metrology is a very important and universal tool for solving complex measuring tasks for workpiece metrology.
This paper introduces the application of statistical analysis of workpiece geometry measurement results regarding the recently developed so-called “Skin-Model”. The “Skin-Model” presents a new ...description for Geometrical Product Specification and Verification (GPS) with its associated details and on its basis every workpiece can be geometrically defined and considered by applying manipulations of the workpiece geometry. This determination is based on mathematical rules and definitions. It means that according to this determination every workpiece can be designed and on the other hand according to the design it can be measured very clearly. This model enables the complete implementation of Geometrical Product Specification and Verification (GPS) into Coordinate Measuring Techniques (CMT) and vice versa. As part of this implementation the software KOORMESS which was developed for transformation of measuring result is also integrated in this project. Selected series of workpieces from industrial manufacturers were measured in the precision measuring laboratory. Based on the measurement results gained it was possible to carry out extensive evaluations by using statistical methods e.g. correlation analysis. As result of the research project, conclusions can be drawn about the correlation between different geometrical deviations and the manufacturing conditions with the overall goal to achieve lower costs and higher quality in production.
The tolerances of workpieces decrease continuously since the beginning of the twentieth century. This lies in one line with the perspective of nanotechnology and also recent reports give evidence on ...the effect of constantly tightening workpiece tolerances. As tolerances of workpieces decrease the interaction between dimensional tolerances and surface finish becomes more important. In this study ideas of the authors to use the Abbott curve for specification of surface finish are presented and a proposal is given how to specify it in engineenng drawings.
Every company or manufacturer is facing an increased challenge to satisfy customer needs and all of criteria that its product must have. The days of mass producing standardized products for ...homogenous markets for long periods of time are quickly fading from memory. In this way one of important characteristics or features, which has to be considered is geometrical specification or it is better to say Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) which are a means to transform function dependent demands into produced workpieces. This paper introduces the application and importance Geometrical Product Specifications of regarding the recently developed so-called Skin-Model for intelligent manufacturing systems as well as measuring techniques.
The importance of computer aided measurement techniques as a means of controlling industrial manufacturing and testing technical products with high accuracy increases ever more with the general goal ...of improving the quality of all kinds of products. This development started about twenty years ago and is still improving. Especially computer aided co-ordinate metrology is a very important and universal tool for solving complex measuring tasks for workpiece metrology. This measurement technique can also be applied to evaluate the shape of non technical structures, for example, human limbs or joints with high accuracy. The results of such measurements provide the basis for the improvement and optimization of future work in endo prosthesis.
Quality management and metrology play an important and basic role in individual activities of different function enterprises in Multi-functions Integrated Factory MFIF to ensure the realisation of ...such systems. MFIF is an innovative concept and a new model for future enterprises which has been developed to meet the demands for cost-effective customer-driven design and manufacturing, to realise agile and optimal manufacturing production. In this paper, the intelligent quality assurance system and metrology in MFIF is outlined. Especially the off-line programming technique for intelligent co-ordinate measurement technique ICMT as basis for simultaneous quality assurance is described and an intelligent measuring cell for quality assurance, data collection and data evaluation in MFIF is proposed and discussed.
