Colloid chemistry learning at SMAN 1 Mijen Demak had a less useful impact as it has not integrated the process of making with the products needed in everyday life. The lesson also did not equip ...students with the skills in entering the entrepreneurship world. The observation results indicated that the XI IPA1 grade students in SMAN 1 Mijen Demak had low entrepreneurial interest and motivation. This was due to the tedious and less-motivated chemistry learning. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the students' entrepreneurial interest and learning motivation on colloid materials through Integrated Cooperative Inquiry Process strategy. A classroom action research applied in this research consisted of three cycles. Each cycle had several stages which were planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data on the students’ entrepreneurial interest and learning motivation were collected through observation and questionnaire. The descriptive analysis was adopted in this research. The data were analysed using the average mastery and proportion. Based on the analysis of cycles I, II and III, the percentage of the students’ entrepreneurship interest increased from 47.64% to 51.17%; 72,16% and 81,10% having 38 students achieved the mastery learning. While the learning motivation increased from 49.55% to 56.08%; 68.21% and 76.32% having 37 students reached the mastery learning. It concluded that the CIPI (Cooperative Integrated Process Inquiry) with CEP (Chemo entrepreneurship) approach could increase the students’ entrepreneurial interest and learning motivation.
The cyclin kinase inhibitor WAF1/CIP1, also termed CDKN1, mediates p53-induced cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage. This property makes it an attractive tumour-suppressor candidate for a ...p53-associated tumour-suppressor gene. In order to investigate the role of WAF1/CIP1 in the pathogenesis of primary human brain tumours we performed single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and direct sequencing of exon 2 of the gene in a representative series of 158 brain tumours and corresponding blood samples. In addition, all tumours were examined for mutations in exons 5-8 of the p53 gene. Analysis of WAF1/CIP1 revealed multiple polymorphisms, the most abundant being AGC-->AGA (Ser-->Arg) at codon 31 with an allele frequency of 8.5%. Less common polymorphisms included GTG-->GGG (Val-->Gly) at codon 25, GCC-->ACC (Ala-->Thr) at codon 64, CGC-->CTC (Arg-->Leu) at codon 32, GGC-->AGC (Gly-->Ser) at codon 14 and GCG-->GTG (Ala-->Val) at codon 39 each with an allele frequency of 0.3%. These polymorphisms were all located in a conserved region of exon 2. Two of the polymorphisms were also seen in a group of 157 healthy controls indicating that WAF1/CIP1 polymorphisms do not predispose to cancer. None of the tumours included in our series showed a somatic mutation in WAF1/CIP1. All samples were also analysed for loss of heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 6 in the region of the WAF1/CIP1 locus. Allelic loss was observed in only one patient with a glioblastoma. Mutations in the p53 gene were found in 22 of 158 tumours. No association was found between any polymorphism of the WAF1/CIP1 gene, p53 mutations and histopathological tumour type. Our data indicate that WAF1/CIP1 mutations are probably not involved in the formation of primary human brain tumours.
The story of the Orthodox church in Qafekrrabe, on the side of Elbasan-Tirana national road, has come to an end. The urban planning council and the municipal council of Bradasheh yesterday cancelled ...a decision made last month and unanimously decided to move the cross to one of the churches in the village of Fikas. Stavri Cipi, the priest of Shen Koll Orthodox church, and Faik Cota and Arben Ramja, representatives of the Elbasan mufti's office, also took part in yesterday's meeting. Stavri Cipi, who is also responsible for the Orthodox believers in the area of Fikas, in Elbasan, said after emerging from the meeting that that he was not very clear about the decision. He said, "It is incomprehensible for a local body to make a decision and later revoke it under pressure from a particular group of people. I call on the state to act only in compliance with the law on religious communities and refrain from violating this law."
The fluoroquinolone antibiotic, lomefloxacin, is phototoxic in human skin exposed to UVA radiation, photosensitises DNA strand breaks and pyrimidine dimers in human keratinocytes in vitro, and is ...phototumorigenic in mouse skin. The p53 tumour suppressor protein is activated by a variety of cellular insults including UV radiation, to become a transcription factor for downstream markers such as the cyclin-kinase inhibitor p21
CIP1/WAF1 or cause caspase transactivation which cleaves poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) as an early step in apoptosis. We have investigated these molecular defence responses in human skin cells treated with lomefloxacin and UVA radiation in vitro. Western blots revealed that lomefloxacin photosensitised the stabilisation of p53 protein in human fibroblasts. Lomefloxacin also photosensitised p53 transcriptional activity in amelanotic melanoma cells expressing wild-type p53 and stably transfected with a construct containing a β-galactosidase reporter gene downstream from a p53 consensus binding sequence. Neither photosensitised production of H
2O
2 nor the resultant DNA strand breaks, appeared to be involved in this effect. Interestingly, p21
CIP1/WAF1 protein was upregulated by lomefloxacin in the dark by a p53-independent mechanism. Lomefloxacin also photosensitised the degradation of nuclear PARP, suggestive of caspase mediated, early apoptotic events.
Cell cycle perturbations in three lung carcinoma cell lines (U-1285,U1906 and U-1810) with different intrinsic radiosensitivities (SF2 U-1285 = 0.25, SF2 U-1906 = 0.45, SF2 U-1810 = 0.88) were ...investigated following x-irradiation. Cell cycle flow calculations showed that the G1-->S-phase transit was accelerated in irradiated compared with untreated U-1285 cells, up to 24 hours postirradiation. In U-1810 cells and U-1906 cells the postirradiation G1-->S transit decreased compared with controls. All three cell lines showed no postirradiation induction of p53 and p21CIP1 proteins. Cyclin E was overexpressed and cyclin E-dependent kinase activity was substantially induced by irradiation in U-1285 cells compared with U-1906 and U1810 cells while p27KIP1 was detected at the highest intensity in U-1810 cells and lowest in U-1285 cells. We hypothesise that the accelerated postirradiation G1-->S transit in U-1285 cells is associated with induction of cyclin E-dependent kinase activity and may account for increased radiosensitivity in these cells.
En industrie laitière, la persistance des contaminants bactériens à la surface des équipements est due à la formation de spores et de biofilms. Ces derniers sont impliqués dans les problèmes de ...contamination croisée qui affectent la qualité des produits transformés et limitent leur durée de conservation. C’est le cas du lait pasteurisé, qui de plus a subi un traitement thermique modéré, la pasteurisation étant sans effet sur les spores bactériennes. Les bactéries sporulées les plus rencontrées appartiennent à Bacillus et aux genres apparentés. Cette situation est compliquée dans les pays où le lait pasteurisé est obtenu à partir de la poudre de lait d’importation initialement contaminée par les spores bactériennes. Des études ont montré la formation de biofilm sur les équipements de ces laiteries par des souches mésophiles du groupe Bacillus cereus et des souches thermophiles du genre Geobacillus. Ces biofilms résistent aux opérations de nettoyage et sont une source de contamination chronique du lait pasteurisé. Cette synthèse est une analyse de la situation des laiteries en Algérie, qui sont confrontées au problème de la flore sporulée et de son biofilm, avec pour objectif la proposition de solutions efficaces à la lumière des connaissances actuelles.
Cet entretien avec Jean-Luc Soret, directeur de l’association Visa pour l’image – Perpignan, a pour objet d’évoquer l’évolution d’une structure culturelle investie dans l’éducation aux médias depuis ...le début de son histoire. En évoquant les missions de la structure, le phénomène de concentration local et de rayonnement global ainsi que l’intégration sociale dans les dispositifs de médiation, il explicite les caractéristiques d’un hub social culturel éducatif.
Les systèmes embarqués sont utilisés dans de nombreux systèmes critiques, depuis les automobiles jusqu'aux les systèmes de contrôle industriels. La plupart des recherches sur ces systèmes embarqués ...se sont concentrés sur l'amélioration de leur fiabilité face à des fautes ou erreurs de fonctionnent non intentionnelles, moins de travaux on été réalisés considérant les attaques intentionnelles. Ces systèmes embarqués sont de plus en plus connectés, souvent à Internet, via des réseaux sans fils, par exemple pour leur administration à distance. Cela augmente les risques d'attaques à distance ou d'injection de code malicieux. Les fautes de fonctionnement de ces équipements peuvent causer des dommages physiques comme par example rendre des appareils médicaux dangereux. Par conséquent, il est primordial de protéger ces systèmes embarqués contre les attaques. Dans cette thèse nous présentons des attaques et défenses contre les systèmes embarqués contraints. Nous présentons plusieurs attaques contre des techniques d'attestation logicielle utilisées dans les systèmes embarqués. Puis nous présentons la conception et l'implémentation d'une technique d'attestation logicielle qui est résistante aux attaque présentées précédemment. Finalement, nous présentons la conception d'une solution permettant de réaliser l'attestation de code ainsi que la création d'une racine de confiance dynamique (dynamic root of trust) pour les systèmes embarqués. Cette solution est prouvée sure et ne dépend pas d'assomptions fortes faites dans le cas de l'attestation logicielle.
Embedded devices are currently used in many critical systems, ranging from automotive to medical devices and industrial control systems. Most of the research on such devices has focused on improving their reliability against unintentional failures, while fewer efforts have been spent to prevent intentional and malicious attacks. These devices are increasingly being connected via wireless and connected to the Internet for remote administration, this increases the risk of remote exploits and malicious code injected in such devices. Failures in such devices might cause physical damage and health and safety risks. Therefore, protecting embedded devices from attacks is of the utmost importance. In this thesis we present novel attacks and defenses against low-end embedded devices. We present several attacks against software-based attestation techniques used in embedded devices. Furthermore we design and implement a novel software-based attestation technique that is immune to the aforementioned attacks. Finally, we design a hardware solution to attest and establish a dyna
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