U radu se razmatra primjena pravila Konvencije UN-a o pravu mora
iz 1982. o vanjskoj granici, širini i razgraničenju teritorijalnog mora u
nacionalnim propisima i praksi obalnih država Sredozemlja. ...Posebna
pozornost posvećena je pitanjima vezanim uz proširenje granica
suverenosti Grčke i Turske u Egejskome moru, čija su teritorijalna
mora još uvijek široka šest milja. Dvostranim ugovorima između
država čije obale leže sučelice ili međusobno graniče u Sredozemlju
je do danas konačno definirano samo šest granica teritorijalnih mora.
Sadržaj svakog od ugovora kojima je razgraničeno teritorijalno more
- između Cipra i suverenih vojnih baza Velike Britanije na tome otoku,
između bivšeg Sovjetskog Saveza i Turske, između bivše SFRJ i Italije
te između Francuske i Italije u tjesnacu Bonifacio - predmet je posebne
analize. Razmatraju se također i sporazumi o jedinstvenoj morskoj
granici između Bugarske i Turske te Francuske i Monaka, kojima su
uz teritorijalno more razgraničeni i drugi morski prostori.
We already acepted that Croatian economical and geopolitical possition can bee improved only with better utilization of coastal area. Under these conditions mariculture also makes a part od sea ...master plan because demands for mariculture are focused on clean environmental conditions to obtain economic benefits.Increased pressure to the coastal area is global trend and if not planed and organized can provoke conflicts and can affect further development. Under these condition, marine aquaculture is frequent subject of many discussion focused on the environmental impact. Conflict of different interest in coastal area with no argumentation is putting marine aquaculture in worst position related with tourism and industry. Hard argumentations is laying in noneadequate frame of work in some facilities and to take advantake competitors are preasenting marine aquaculture in worst picture.Marine aquaculture product has to be health product, which can be completely damaged because of non-responsible approach of other activity. Mariculture also can suffer from self-pollution as for example tourism and must be well planed and managed. Fecal pollution from towns, pollution from bad controlled tourists activity, industry, influence of intensive and non controlled agriculture in coast line, are also potential danger for quality of all sea products and also cultured products from marine aquaculture. High quality of marine products can be obtained by zoning of coastal area, and in concept of these zoning it is necessary to define the zones for marineaquaculture.Procedure of zoning has to be divided in three steps: deetrmination of present status of area, definition of shore land for making mariculture related shore infrastructure and definitions of areas suitable for mariculture with limits of production. These can make positive situations with avoiding conflicts in exploitation of common resources in future.Zone for marine aquaculture has to be controlled, with an adequate program of monitoring, and implementation of corrective measures has to be applied.Living resources quality in zones for marine aquaculture must be control and protected from pollutant of others activities, by controlling of polluted water in zone, controlling of emission in land in zone (pesticides and fertilizers), and sanitary control of sea.
Prihvaćanjem pomorske orijentacije i marikultura postaje ravnopravan partner u gospodarenju morem jer zahtijeva čiste resurse za postizanje povoljnih gospodarskih učinaka te se uklapa u djelatnosti koje su prihvatljive konceptu održivog razvoja.Postavljena u okvire sukoba interesa raznih djelatnosti za obalnu crtu, marikultura traži svoje mjesto. Jačanjem intenziteta djelatnosti u obalnom pojasu marikultura je sve više predmet raznih ciljanih rasprava, ponajviše s pozicija njezina utjecaja na okoliš. Sukob interesa u obalnom pojasu neargumentirano postavlja marikulturu u nepovoljni položaj s obzirom na turizam i industriju. Snaga argumenata leži samo u nepravilnom gospodarenju na pojedinim farmama i, radi ostvarivanja prednosti, cijelu djelatnost prikazuje u najgorem mogućem kontekstu.Marikultura je djelatnost proizvodnje zdrave hrane, koja može biti potpuno oštećena neodgovornim pristupom ostalih djelatnosti i intenzivno trpi od samoonečišćenja kao npr. i turizam. Onečišćenja prouzročena otpadnim vodama gradova, nekontroliranom turističkom aktivnošću, industrijom, pod utjecajem intenzivnog i nekontroliranog poljodjelstva u obalnom pojasu, moguća su opasnost za kvalitetu svih morskih proizvoda pa tako i proizvoda iz marikulture.Najbolji način za očuvanje visoke kvalitete morskih proizvoda može se riješiti zoniranjem obalnog pojasa i u kontekstu tog zoniranja treba odrediti zone za marikulturu. Definiranje zone s aspekta kvalitete akvatorija određujući nulto stanje, definicija pristupa obali radi postavljanja obalne infrastrukture i određivanje takvih akvatorija prostornim planovima može dovesti do izbjegavanja konflikta u iskorištavanju istih resursa u budućnosti. Prihvaćanjem lokacija prilazi se kontroli izvođenja marikulture putem programa praćenja, prepoznavanjem graničnih mjera zahvata, te definicijom mogućih korektivnih mjera, što je djelomično, ali ne i potpuno obuhvaćeno podzakonskim aktima.Postavljeno u kontekstu zaštite obnovljivih resursa u zonama marikulture potrebno je u okvirima ovlaštenih tijela provoditi praćenje štetnih utjecaja drugih djelatnosti na žive organizme u zoni za marikulturu, kontrolom otpadnih voda u zoni, kontrolom emisije u tlo u zoni (pesticidi i gnojiva), sanitarnom kontrolom mora.
Članak se bavi odnosom straha od jezika i niza drugih individualnih faktora u usvajanju
drugoga jezika. Kako bi se bolje razumjela uloga straha od jezika u jezičnom
usvajanju i ponašanju, autorica ...opisuje istraživanje u kojem je pokušala provjeriti valjanost
pet hipoteza koje je formirala na temelju nalaza u dosadašnjim istraživanjima. Razmatra
korelacije između uključenih varijabli i straha od jezika te uspjeha u usvajanju jezika
i samoprocjene kompetencije u drugom jeziku. Njezini su nalazi potvrdili samo jednu
od pet hipoteza. Autorica zaključuje da je potrebno ponovno razmotriti utjecaj straha od
jezika na jezično usvajanje i uporabu te sugerira mogući smjer novih istraživanja.
Talijanski parlament izglasovao je Zakon o zaštitno-ekološkoj zoni u Jadranskomu moru, koji obuhvaća područje od vanjskih granica talijanskoga teritorijalnog mora do crte sredine, i bit će pod ...talijanskom jurisdikcijom pa će tu za strane državljane i strane brodove vrijediti talijanska legislativa i zakoni Europske unije, te međunarodni sporazumi za sprječavanje onečišćenja mora, za zaštitu morskih organizama, biološke raznovrsnosti i arheološkog blaga na morskom dnu, osim propisa koji se odnose na ribolovnu djelatnost.Zaštićeni ekološko-ribolovni pojas Republike Hrvatske obuhvaća morski prostor od vanjske granice teritorijalnog mora u smjeru pučine do crte razgraničenja epikontinentalnog pojasa uspostavljene Sporazumom između bivše SFRJ i Republike Italije o razgraničenju epikontinentalnog pojasa iz 1968. godine. Međutim, Hrvatski sabor odgodio je primjenu pravnog režima u tom pojasu za članice Europske unije i odredio da će se od l. siječnja 2008. za ribarske i druge brodove Europske zajednice primjenjivati ribolovni i ekološki propisi Republike Hrvatske u tom pojasu.Posljedica proglašenja Zaštićenoga ekološko-ribolovnog pojasa Republike Hrvatske i talijanskoga zaštićenog ekološkog pojasa ogleda se, u prvom redu, u potpunom nestanku otvorenog mora kao instituta međunarodnog prava u Jadranu, jer se oba pojasa protežu od vanjskih granica teritorijalnog mora obiju država u smjeru pučine do crte sredine.Kako je Hrvatski sabor u listopadu 2007. godine zakonom uspostavio Obalnu stražu Republike Hrvatske, koje brodovi i zrakoplovi mogu samostalno ili u suradnji s drugim ovlaštenim tijelima poduzimati progon plovnog objekta zatečenoga u kršenju propisa Republike Hrvatske ili općeprihvaćenih međunarodnih propisa i standarda, autor je u članku dao odgovor na pitanje može li se progon stranog broda započet u hrvatskomu teritorijalnom moru, obuhvativši zaštićeni ekološko-ribolovni pojas Republike Hrvatske, nastaviti i u talijanskomu zaštićenom ekološkom pojasu s obzirom na to da u tom području za strane državljane i strane brodove vrijede talijanski i zakoni Europske unije te međunarodni sporazumi koji se odnose na zaštitu i ekologiju mora i morskog dna s posebnim osvrtom na ovlasti carinskih tijela u zaštićenomu ekološko-ribolovnom pojasu Republike Hrvatske i progon stranoga broda s carinskoga motrišta.
Italian Parliament enacted The Law on Protected Ecologic Zone in the Adriatic Sea which comprises the area from the outer boundaries of Italian territorial sea up to the medium line,and which will be under Italian jurisdiction. Both Italian as well as European Union laws will be applied for foreign citizens and foreign vessels in this area. The international agreements for preventing sea pollution, for protection of marine life, biological diversity and archeological heritage on sea bed will be applied too. The regulations regarding fishing activities will be excluded.Protected ecologic-fishing zone of The Republic of Croatia comprises sea area from the outer boundaries of the territorial sea in the direction of the open sea, up to the line of delimitation of continental shelf set by means of The Agreement between former SFR of Yugoslavia and The Republic of Italy on the delimitation of continental shelf from 1968. In the meantime, Croatian Parliament postponed the application of the legal regime of this area for the States, Members of The European Union, which should start with the deadline of January 1 st 2008. From this date onwards, fishing and other vessels of The European Union will apply fishing and ecological regulations of the Republic of Croatia in this area.The consequence of the enactment of the protected ecologic and fishing zone of the Republic of Croatia and Italian protected ecologic zone is reflected in the complete disappearance of the institute of the open sea as an institute of the international law in the Adriatic, since both areas stretch from the outer boundaries of the territorial sea of both States in the direction of the open sea up to the medium line.In October 2007. Croatian Parliament enacted by the law , Coastguard of The Republic of Croatia, whose vessels and airplanes might independently or with the assistance of other authorized bodies take the persecution of the floating object captured in the violation of the regulations of The Republic of Croatia or generally accepted international regulations and standards. Accordingly, the author of the article answered to the question whether the persecution of a foreign vessel which started in the Croatian territorial sea, except in the protected ecologic and fishing area of the Republic of Croatia will continue, even in Italian protected ecologic area, taking into consideration the fact, that in this area for foreign citizens and foreign vessels both Italian and European Union laws will be valid, as well as international agreements referring to the protection and ecology of sea and sea bed with special reference to the jurisdiction of custom bodies in protected ecologic – fishing area of the Republic of Croatia, as well as the persecution of a foreign vessel from custom standpoint.
Raspravlja se o vanjskim granicama pojedinih morskih prostora, te o njihovu razgraničenju: bočnom (lateralnom) crtom, ili između obala što leže sučelice. Pitanje mogućnosti postojanja univerzalno ...primjenjivih pravnih pravila čija primjena dovodi do predvidljivih rezultata. Različiti učinci primjene crte sredine i odstupanja od nje u razgraničenju pojedinih morskih prostora. Tumačenje pojedinih ugovornih propisa o razgraničenju. Međunarodna sudska i arbitražna praksa o granicama i o razgraničenju.
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid growth factor which is present in high levels in serum and platelets. LPA binds to its specific G-protein-coupled receptors, including LPA1 to LPA6, ...thereby regulating various physiological functions, including cancer growth, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Our previous study showed that LPA promotes the expression of the lymphangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Interestingly, LPA has been shown to regulate the expression of calreticulin (CRT), a multifunctional chaperone protein, but the roles of CRT in PCa progression remain unclear. Here we investigated the involvement of CRT in LPA-mediated VEGF-C expression and lymphangiogenesis in PCa. Knockdown of CRT significantly reduced LPA-induced VEGF-C expression in PC-3 cells. Moreover, LPA promoted CRT expression through LPA receptors LPA1 and LPA3, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). Tumor-xenografted mouse experiments further showed that CRT knockdown suppressed tumor growth and lymphangiogenesis. Notably, clinical evidence indicated that the LPA-producing enzyme autotaxin (ATX) is related to CRT and that CRT level is highly associated with lymphatic vessel density and VEGF-C expression. Interestingly, the pharmacological antagonist of LPA receptors significantly reduced the lymphatic vessel density in tumor and lymph node metastasis in tumor-bearing nude mice. Together, our results demonstrated that CRT is critical in PCa progression through the mediation of LPA-induced VEGF-C expression, implying that targeting the LPA signaling axis is a potential therapeutic strategy for PCa.
•LPA regulates VEGF-C expression via calreticulin and subsequently induces lymphangiogenesis in prostate cancer cells.•LPA signaling is highly correlated with CRT, VEGF-C, and lymphatic vessel density in clinical prostate cancer patients.•Blockade of LPA signaling in prostate cancer cells significantly suppresses lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis.
Recently, a typical semi-automatic recycling line is proved to be a feasible method for resource recovery of raw material of waste CRTs. However, there are no relevant studies about health risk ...assessment of the particles and heavy metals diffused from this physical r ecycling process for CRTs. In this study, TSP, PM
10
and heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the ambience of the workshop have been evaluated. The mean concentrations of TSP and PM
10
in the workshop were 481.5 and 316.9 μg/m
3
, respectively. Meanwhile, it can be seen that Zn (8.1 and 7.9 μg/m
3
, respectively) was the most enriched metal in TSP and PM
10
, followed by Pb (3.2 and 3.0 μg/m
3
, respectively). Health risk assessment showed that the total hazard index was 3.29, exceeding the danger threshold. The health risk of different metals was Cr > Cd > Ni. In short, the research results show that mechanical–physical process for e-waste recycling do exist the pollutant mission. So the effective measures should be taken to reduce the harm of pollutants on the workers’ health.
Disposal of waste CRT glass is now an urgent environmental protection issue. We collected waste CRT glass from monochrome and color television sets, analyzed their chemical compositions using X-ray ...fluorescence, and studied the leaching characteristics of Pb in the glass using sulfuric and nitric acids and acetic acid buffer leaching toxicity tests. The results showed that the order of the Pb leaching levels was color panel glass < monochrome glass < color funnel glass. The average Pb concentrations leached in sulfuric and nitric acids from color funnel and panel glasses and from monochrome funnel and panel glasses did not exceed the regulatory limits for Pb according to the China Identification Standards for Hazardous Waste—Identification for Extraction Toxicity. Only the average concentration of Pb leached in acetic acid buffer from color funnel glass exceeded the regulatory levels for Pb while those from other glasses were lower than 1 mg/L. Monochrome panel and funnel glasses and color panel glass can be disposed off as common industrial solid waste or co-disposed off with municipal solid waste. Color funnel glass, however, should be managed and disposed off in strict conformity with the requirements for hazardous waste disposal.
