Isaac's Fear is a wide-ranging study of a Hebrew
encyclopedia of Judaism by Isaac Lampronti, a rabbi and physician
from eighteenth-century Ferrara, in Italy; this is the first
encyclopedia of ...Judaism, with entries on thought and praxis. The
book's eight chapters are previously published studies. Isaac's
Fear represents the attempt to synthesize modern science and
religious tradition, a fundamental issue then and in our own day.
Encyclopedia entries illuminate the society and culture of early
modern Italy, its Jewish community and the intellectual life of the
author and his contemporaries.
The idea that the Leviathan frontispiece offers a visual summary of the contents of the work is widespread. However, the analysis of the frontispiece often under-explores Leviathan's text or leaves ...certain iconographic elements aside. In discussions of the Scholastics 'Dilemma' emblem, for instance, the image is commonly reduced to a representation of 'logic' or 'scholasticism', leaving aside the intricate interrelationship between the objects present in the image and their connection with the content of the book. This paper argues that this image helps understanding Hobbes' critique of Scholastic doctrines and their political effects in Leviathan. For Hobbes, these supposedly pure philosophical concepts either in logic (trident of the 'Syllogism') or metaphysics ('Real/Intentional' bident) hide a central part of Scholastic thought: a 'seditious' political conception claiming that the Pope has an indirect right to temporal power in affairs concerning spiritual matters theory ('Spiritual/Temporal' and 'Direct/Indirect' bidents). The Scholastic model made the common people believe that the Pope would have at least as much authority as the Sovereign. When faced with the choice between obeying either the Pope or their Civil Sovereign the subjects would find themselves in a dangerous 'Dilemma'.
قديما اعتبر المعلم الأول أرسطو أن من أكثر المصائب التي يمكن أن تصيب المجتمعات هي زوال الدولة، لذا نجد اهتماما بالغا ومتزايدا بهذا الجسم السياسي خاصة في العصر الحديث ومن فلاسفة عصر الأنوار الذين جعلوا ...من مشكلة العقد الاجتماعي براديغم به يمكن تفسير المسائل وبه يقاس درجة وعي المجتمع ومواطنيه. لذا جاءت ورقتنا البحثية هذه لتسلط الضوء على شخصية فلسفية مهمة ساهمت في إرساء القواعد السياسية وتثبيتها من خلال حجج وقواعد دافعت عليها فلسفته، ومن ثم فهم فلسفة توماس هوبز السياسية وتحليلها ضروري من أجل تعرية كل القراءات السلبية التي ألصقت بهذا الفيلسوف وفلسفته.
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أصل نشوء الدولة وآلياتها وأهدافها في فكر كل من ابن خلدون وتوماس هوبز، والفرق بينهما مع استجلاء الواقع العلمي التطبيقي لفكر الدولة بين النظريتين الإسلامية والغربية ...وللوصول إلى نتائج ذات أثر واقعي، استخدم الباحث المنهج التاريخي ومنهج تحليل المضمون والمنهج المقارن. وكذلك برزت مشكلة الدراسة في سؤالها الرئيس والذي تم الإجابة عنه والذي تم فيه مقارنة فكر ابن خلدون وهوبز في فكرة الدولة.
According to the commonly accepted view, Thomas Hobbes began his intellectual career as a humanist, but his discovery, in midlife, of the wonders of geometry initiated a critical transition from ...humanism to the scientific study of politics. In Mortal Gods, Ted Miller radically revises this view, arguing that Hobbes never ceased to be a humanist. While previous scholars have made the case for Hobbes as humanist by looking to his use of rhetoric, Miller rejects the humanism/mathematics dichotomy altogether and shows us the humanist face of Hobbes’s affinity for mathematical learning and practice. He thus reconnects Hobbes with the humanists who admired and cultivated mathematical learning—and with the material fruits of Great Britain’s mathematical practitioners. The result is a fundamental recasting of Hobbes’s project, a recontextualization of his thought within early modern humanist pedagogy and the court culture of the Stuart regimes. Mortal Gods stands as a new challenge to contemporary political theory and its settled narratives concerning politics, rationality, and violence.
In this paper, we focus on why intraplate seismic initiation and migration occurs, which has widely been considered to be caused by static stress triggering caused by earthquakes, as well as ...post-seismic slips. To illustrate the mechanism underlying large earthquakes, in particular the migration caused by two key episodes that occurred after 1500 in the Bohai-Zhangjiakou Fault Zone (BZFZ) of North China, we developed a high-resolution three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model that includes the active faults with vertical segmentation, their periodical locking, and the lithosphere heterogeneity. We used the birth and death of element groups to simulate stress intensity changes during the two episodes (named Episode I and II), with our results showing that the Tangshan earthquake was primarily triggered by the Sanhe-Pinggu M8.0 earthquake in 1679, whereas the Zhangbei M6.2 earthquake in 1998 was not triggered by earthquakes in Episode I. According to our work, the calculated stress changes in the different segments of the fault zone correspond to the magnitude of the triggered earthquakes. Further, the largest stress decrease was near the Sanhe-Pinggu fault and occurred the largest earthquake in Episode I, whereas the largest stress increase was near the Tangshan fault and occurred during the largest earthquake in Episode II. Given the above, we propose a model for seismic migration to describe the dynamic mechanisms of earthquake migration within the BZFZ and North China, in which the factors affecting both the seismic migration path and intensity primarily include the distance between the triggered active fault and the original fault, the coupling of the active faults, the location and scale of the low-velocity anomaly, its distance from the active fault, and the location and scale of the crustal thinning.
In the past 500 years, many moderate to strong earthquakes have occurred in or near the Beijing metropolitan area, which is underlain by thick Quaternary and Tertiary sediments. Therefore, the area ...is susceptible to damage associated with ground-motion site effect, particularly for the large number of high-rise buildings. In order to understand the earthquake site effect potential, particularly in the context of the high-rise buildings, we are undertaking an effort to construct a 3-D shear-velocity model of the Quaternary and Tertiary sediments for the Beijing metropolitan area. In this paper, we present an integrated method of deriving shear-wave velocity profiles at sites across the Beijing metropolitan area using shear-wave velocity and ambient-noise measurements. Our results demonstrate that this method is practical for obtaining shear-wave velocity profiles.
We performed 1-D site response analyses at six sites in the Beijing metropolitan area. The results show that the site resonant periods vary between 0.1 s at shallow sites in the west and 4.0 s for deep sites in the east. Moreover, this range of resonant periods coincides with the fundamental periods of many buildings between one to 40 stories. In other words, earthquake site effect could generate a double resonance in a significant number of buildings in the Beijing area. Results also show that the average shear-wave velocity of the top 20 or 30 m, Vs20 or Vs30, does not correlate with site resonance, and is therefore not an appropriate parameter to account for site effect in earthquake engineering.
•An integrated method was developed to determine shear-wave velocity profiles.•1-D site response analyses were performed in the Beijing metropolitan area.•The Beijing metropolitan area is susceptible to the ground-motion site effect.•Site resonant periods coincide with the fundamental periods of many buildings.•Vs20 or Vs30 is not an appropriate proxy for quantifying site effect in engineering.
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•The Xiadian fault in the North China Plain is deformed strongly in Late Quaternary.•Eight earthquakes occurred along the Xiadian fault with various repeated intervals.•The surface ...rupture of the 1679 Sanhe–Pinggu M8 earthquake is may be ~12 km long.
The Xiadian fault is a crucial seismogenic structure in the North China Plain because of the 1679 A.D. Sanhe–Pinggu M8 earthquake. However, ~12 km of the coseismic surface rupture does not match the worldwide statistical relationship between magnitudes and rupture lengths. Paleoseismicity research can assist in resolving this debate. In this study, the synthesized data from geologic investigations, satellite image interpretations, geomorphic mapping, trench logging and sample dating show that the Xiadian fault undergone strong deformation in the Late Quaternary with a characteristic assemblage of landforms, including linear scarps, troughs, sag ponds, small horsts and grabens, and at least eight paleo-earthquake events can be observed. The coseismic displacements are not exactly the same but instead show a range of variation from ~1.4 ± 0.1 m to ~0.9 ± 0.1 m on average, and the median interval between the strong earthquakes was estimated at ~2820 ± 561 years, with an uncertainty value of 0.199. The quasi-periodicity behavior of the Xiadian fault is not as obvious as that of structures in the plate boundary. The surface rupture traces of the M8 earthquake, which is composed of 6 segments in an echelon pattern with a single length, vary from ~1 km to ~5 km. The asymmetric bell-shaped displacement distribution tends to approach a maximum in the central part in Pangezhuang village while gradually decreasing toward the tips in East Liuhetun and Dongxing villages; this suggests that the surface rupture of this event is may be only ~12 km long, although underlying causes require further study.
Feminist Interpretations of Thomas Hobbes features the work of feminist scholars who are centrally engaged with Hobbes’s ideas and texts and who view Hobbes as an important touchstone in modern ...political thought. Bringing together scholars from the disciplines of philosophy, history, political theory, and English literature who embrace diverse theoretical and philosophical approaches and a range of feminist perspectives, this interdisciplinary collection aims to appeal to an audience of Hobbes scholars and nonspecialists alike._x000B_As a theorist whose trademark is a compelling argument for absolute sovereignty, Hobbes may seem initially to have little to offer twenty-first-century feminist thought. Yet, as the contributors to this collection demonstrate, Hobbesian political thought provides fertile ground for feminist inquiry. Indeed, in engaging Hobbes, feminist theory engages with what is perhaps the clearest and most influential articulation of the foundational concepts and ideas associated with modernity: freedom, equality, human nature, authority, consent, coercion, political obligation, and citizenship._x000B_Aside from the editors, the contributors are Joanne Boucher, Karen Detlefsen, Karen Green, Wendy Gunther-Canada, Jane S. Jaquette, S. A. Lloyd, Su Fang Ng, Carole Pateman, Gordon Schochet, Quentin Skinner, and Susanne Sreedhar._x000B_
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