En Argentina, el tranposrte fluvial fue central en el desarrollo de la economia nacional, vinculada fuertemente a la exportación agrícola. Esto determino un protagonismo inicial para los trabajores ...de las embarcaciones mercantes del pabellón nacional, tanto en sus condiciones laborales como en sus demandas, surgidas ya ea finales del siglo XIX.
Desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, el creciente desarrollo del movimiento médico-higienista y su indisoluble combinación con el movimiento eugenésico, promovieron en Chile la paulatina ...implantación institucional de medidas dirigidas al conocimiento, tratamiento y erradicación de la blenorragia, la sífilis y el chancro blando, variantes de las llamadas enfermedades vergonzosas, concebidas como enfermedades de trascendencia social desde la década de 1920. En este artículo buscamos conocer la valoración médico-legal de la trasmisión de estas afecciones, durante la comprobación de agresiones sexuales tipificadas como violación, en Santiago y Valparaíso -principales ciudades del país- entre los años 1890 y 1920. Tras considerar los conocimientos médicos y las perspectivas morales desde las que se analizaban los contagios y los delitos sexuales tratados, así como su valoración forense, se analiza la implementación práctica de estas disposiciones en los procesos judiciales.
The rollout of Rural Free Delivery (RFD) in the early twentieth century
dramatically increased the frequency with which rural voters received
information. This article examines the effect of RFD on ...voters' and
Representatives' behavior using a panel dataset and instrumental
variables. Communities receiving more routes spread their votes to more parties;
there is no evidence it changed turnout. RFD shifted positions taken by
Representatives in line with rural constituents, including increased support for
pro-temperance and anti-immigration policies. These results appear only in
counties with newspapers, supporting the hypothesis that information flows play
a crucial role in the political process.
“As the whole world has been drawn closer together by the
inventions and uses of steam and electricity, so farmers may be
drawn closer together by the universal practice of free
delivery.”
—Matthew Williams of Verndale, Minnesota as quoted in the 1900
Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture
Children's mental health and development issues are considered a significant concern today. A century and more ago children's mental health and developmental disorders were likely understood ...differently. This paper examines the portrayal of children's mental health and developmental disorders in all 41 accessible articles on the topic indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature from 1890 to 1920. It focuses on these three decades as a time of fundamental economic, political and social transition before the first text in Child Psychiatry was published and the first professorship in the field established. It was also before the beginning of the influential child guidance movement. In particular, the research asks (i) what were the ‘disorders’ discussed and of what were they said to consist?, (ii) what was said to cause them? and (iii) what was thought best to be done about them?
The surprising roots of the self-defense movement and the history of women's empowerment.At the turn of the twentieth century, women famously organized to demand greater social and political freedoms ...like gaining the right to vote. However, few realize that the Progressive Era also witnessed the birth of the women's self-defense movement.
It is nearly impossible in today's day and age to imagine a world without the concept of women's self defense. Some women were inspired to take up boxing and jiu-jitsu for very personal reasons that ranged from protecting themselves from attacks by strangers on the street to rejecting gendered notions about feminine weakness and empowering themselves as their own protectors. Women's training in self defense was both a reflection of and a response to the broader cultural issues of the time, including the women's rights movement and the campaign for the vote.
Perhaps more importantly, the discussion surrounding women's self-defense revealed powerful myths about the source of violence against women and opened up conversations about the less visible violence that many women faced in their own homes. Through self-defense training, women debunked patriarchal myths about inherent feminine weakness, creating a new image of women as powerful and self-reliant. Whether or not women consciously pursued self-defense for these reasons, their actions embodied feminist politics. Although their individual motivations may have varied, their collective action echoed through the twentieth century, demanding emancipation from the constrictions that prevented women from exercising their full rights as citizens and human beings. This book is a fascinating and comprehensive introduction to one of the most important women's issues of all time.This book will provoke good debate and offer distinct responses and solutions.
i
Shame and the Anti-Feminist Backlash examines how women opposed to the feminist campaign for the vote in early twentieth-century Britain, Ireland, and Australia used shame as a political tool. It ...demonstrates just how proficient women were in employing a diverse vocabulary of emotions—drawing on concepts such as embarrassment, humiliation, honour, courage, and chivalry—in the attempt to achieve their political goals. It looks at how far nationalist contexts informed each gendered emotional community at a time when British imperial networks were under extreme duress. The book presents a unique history of gender and shame, which demonstrates just how versatile and ever-present this social emotion was in the feminist politics of the British Empire in the early decades of the twentieth century. It employs a fascinating new thematic lens to histories of anti-feminist/feminist entanglements by tracing national and transnational uses of emotions by women to police their own political communities. It also challenges the common notion that shame had little place in a modernising world by revealing how far groups of patriotic womanhood, globally, deployed shame to combat the effects of feminist activism.ii
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We Modern People Banerjee, Anindita
2013, 2013-01-01, 20120101, 20130103
eBook
<!CDATAScience fiction emerged in Russia considerably earlier than its English version and instantly became the hallmark of Russian modernity. We Modern People investigates why science fiction ...appeared here, on the margins of Europe, before the genre had even been named, and what it meant for people who lived under conditions that Leon Trotsky famously described as combined and uneven development. Russian science fiction was embraced not only in literary circles and popular culture, but also by scientists, engineers, philosophers, and political visionaries. Anindita Banerjee explores the handful of well-known early practitioners, such as Briusov, Bogdanov, and Zamyatin, within a much larger continuum of new archival material comprised of journalism, scientific papers, popular science texts, advertisements, and independent manifestos on social transformation. In documenting the unusual relationship between Russian science fiction and Russian modernity, this book offers a new critical perspective on the relationship between science, technology, the fictional imagination, and the consciousness of being modern.>
In the final tumultuous years of the nineteenth century the American government abandoned its traditional role in the field of foreign affairs when it adopted a policy of imperial expansion. This ...drastic change created a lengthy and fascinating, if divisive, national debate between the imperialists and anti-imperialists-with charges and countercharges, presentations and rebuttals filling the pages of the nation's journals and echoing in the halls of Congress and councils of state.
This book, which emphasizes the anti-imperialist position, spans the period between the beginning of the debate in 1890 and the demise of the Anti-Imperialist League in 1920. It examines in a basically chronological context the interesting issues, events, ideas, and organizations that were a part of American anti-imperialism, and stresses the thought of the leading anti-imperialists in relation to changing incidents and circumstances. It is based on a wide range of materials and unexploited sources of the period and provides the first comprehensive treatment of the subject. The text, as well as contemporary editorial cartoons, conveys a vivid sense of the spirit and drama of the times.
The opponents of imperialism insisted it would yield grave economic, social, military, constitutional, ethical, and other problems, and that it constituted an inherent negation of the finest facets of our governmental heritage. They pointed out that the United States had always stood as the champion of liberty, democracy, equality, and self-government, and that imperialism denied these basic tenets. The anti-imperialists' memorable struggle was long and frustrating, but eventually successful.
Although the author concentrates upon the exciting events and ideas of the period in question, the reader will note at many points intriguing parallels with various aspects of contemporary foreign affairs and the reaction to them.
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