At the turn of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire straddled three continents and encompassed extraordinary ethnic and cultural diversity among the estimated thirty million people living ...within its borders. It was perhaps the most cosmopolitan state in the world--and possibly the most volatile. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire now gives scholars and general readers a concise history of the late empire between 1789 and 1918, turbulent years marked by incredible social change. Moving past standard treatments of the subject, M. Skr Hanioglu emphasizes broad historical trends and processes more than single events. He examines the imperial struggle to centralize amid powerful opposition from local rulers, nationalist and other groups, and foreign powers. He looks closely at the socioeconomic changes this struggle wrought and addresses the Ottoman response to the challenges of modernity. Hanioglu shows how this history is not only essential to comprehending modern Turkey, but is integral to the histories of Europe and the world. He brings Ottoman society marvelously to life in all its facets--cultural, diplomatic, intellectual, literary, military, and political--and he mines imperial archives and other documents from the period to describe it as it actually was, not as it has been portrayed in postimperial nationalist narratives. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire is a must-read for anyone seeking to understand the legacy left in this empire's ruins--a legacy the world still grapples with today.
Building on the work of a new generation of historians, this volume presents twelve papers from all parts of the former Ottoman space, from the Middle East to the Balkans, showing new approaches to ...Ottoman provincial history.
Countering the powerful myth that the civil war in Russia was largely between the "Whites" and the "Reds," Vladimir Brovkin views the struggle as a multifaceted social and political process. Brovkin ...focuses not so much on armies and governments as on the interaction of state institutions, political parties, and social movements on both Red and White territories. In the process, he exposes the weaknesses of the various warring factions in a Russia plagued by strikes, mutinies, desertion, and rebellions.
The Whites benefited from popular resistance to the Reds, and the Reds, from resistance to the Whites. In Brovkin's view, neither regime enjoyed popular support. Pacification campaigns, mass shooting, deportations, artillery shelling of villages, and terror were the essence of the conflict, and when the Whites were defeated, the war against the Greens, the peasant rebels, went on. Drawing on a remarkable array of previously untapped sources, Brovkin convicts the early Bolsheviks of crimes similar to those later committed by Stalin. What emerges "behind the front lines" is a picture of how diverse forces-Cossacks, Ukrainians, Greens, Mensheviks, and SRs, as well as Whites and Bolsheviks-created the tragic victory of a party that had no majority support.
This book has important contemporary implications as the world again asks an old question: Can Russian statehood prevail over local, regional, and national identities?
Originally published in 1994.
ThePrinceton Legacy Libraryuses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Diese Biographie Ernst von Salomons (1902-1972) zeichnet den Lebensweg eines der umstrittensten Schriftsteller des 20. Jahrhunderts nach. Salomon ver-körpert wie nur wenige die wilhelminische Jugend, ...wel-che nach 1918 eine Welt im Umbruch erfuhr. Die soziale Desintegration des preußischen Kadetten-schülers steigerte sich nach Kriegserfahrung in den Freikorps zu einer erbitterten Feindschaft gegen die Weimarer Republik. Auch nach Haftstrafen aufgrund der Ermordung Walther Rathenauss blieb die antiliberale Geisteshaltung als weltanschaulicher Kompass für Ernst von Salomon bestehen. Das Psychogramm Salomons gibt Einblicke in die ab-geschottete Welt der militanten Verschwörer der 1920er Jahre und die sozialen Mechanismen, welche nötig wa-ren paramilitärische Kriegerbünde aufrechtzuerhalten. Terror und Gewalt waren hierfür ebenso Kennzeichen wie das Sehnen nach einem Leben in Funktion. So bleiben Salomons Romane Zeugen eines literarischen Projekts der antimodernen Moderne. The biography of Ernst von Salomon deals with one of the most controversial authors of the 20th century. Like only very few others, Salom embodies a youth, which after 1918 underwent a time, when the world was changing. The social desintegration of the cadet rose after the war experience in the volunteer corps into a fierce enmity against the Weimar Republic. It provides insight into the sealed off world of the militant conspirators of the 1920s and their social mechanisms. Violence was here only one characteristic as well as the longing for function. Thus, the novels of Salomon remain witnesses of a literary project of the anti-modern modern age.
The character of philosophical influence in Pasternak's early prose -- Similarity and contiguity in Pasternak's early poetics and their philosophical underpinnings -- Arguing with the sun in "The ...mark of Apelles" -- "Letters from Tula" : "Was ist Apperzeption?" -- Contextualizing the intellectual aims of 1918 : from "Letters from Tula" to The childhood of Luvers -- "The long days" in The childhood of Luvers : chronology of a permeable self -- "Stranger" in The childhood of Luvers : disruptions in chronology and the collision with other worlds -- Pasternak's symbolic world : prose and philosophy.
Illusions of security Fry, Michael
Illusions of security,
1972, 19721215, 2019, 1972, 1972-12-15
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Michael Fry relates in fascinating detail the history of the deliberations and of the statesmen who worked for and against Atlanticism. His study sheds light on the evolution of foreign policy in ...Britain, the dominions, and the United States, and yields insights into relations between these governments during an important time in history.
The central European stabilization efforts of the interwar period, based on fiscal cuts coupled with the adoption of a pegged exchange rate and external support are often portrayed as prototypes ...defining the necessary conditions for successful stabilizations. While prevalent, the orthodox package was not universal in the period. We examine one exception, the Latvian stabilization of 1921–1922. Commencing from a background of multiple circulating currencies, the stabilization program was money-based, implemented without external assistance and followed rather than accompanied by exchange rate stabilization.
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