This paper examines the making of the Great War memorial landscapes in the Soča Valley in Slovenia, and differences in related conservation activities by two unevenly positioned heritage agents: ...experts and enthusiasts. The first are public employees who own mandate for an “authorized heritage discourse”. The second are a handful of inhabitants of the valley, who operate as volunteers and/or entrepreneurs. The paper compares their discourses, values and practices, points at their incommensurability, but also proposes that they prove complemental to each other.
There have been some sociological, cultural, artistic and economic changes in the history of twentieth century Russia. October Revolution of 1917 was one of the most important events of the century ...for Russia. Innovations experienced by the people with the change of the social structure, and the difficulties and sanctions brought by these innovations face the Russian people as the inevitable consequences of the revolution. The 1776 American and 1789 French Revolutions, which are prototypes of modern revolutions in history, had a triggering effect on the October Revolution of 1917. In this study, 1825 Decembrist Uprising which took place before October Revolution of 1917 under the leadership of Lenin and formed the basis of the said Revolution, the 1905 Russian Revolution and the temporary government period that came into power with the collapse of the Tsarist Government will be dealt with chronologically. The aim of this study is to reveal the historical formation process of Russian Immigrant Literature and it’s stages developed in the shape of three waves, which had a great importance for 20th century Russian culture, history and literature, that has emerged with the emigration of the intellectuals who could not reach a consensus with the Lenin administration after the October Revolution of 1917.
For a period of three weeks (1–22 November 1918), Lviv was a divided city. In their attempt to conquer it, the Ukrainians faced spontaneous opposition from its residents. The Jews, who were the ...second largest group of residents after the Poles, formed their own militia and announced neutrality. However, they did not follow this announcement, and the militia actively cooperated with the Ukrainian army. After the Ukrainians had been forced by the defendants out of Lviv and voluntary units had arrived from Cracow, the city fell into criminal riots which cost the lives of 44 people (33 Jews and 11 Christians), and 443 people were wounded. The official data were established by the Extraordinary Government Investigation Committee chaired by Judge Zygmunt Rymowicz. The riots lasted several days (22-24 November 1918). The delayed reaction of the Polish military authorities exacerbated the disturbances. The author proves that in terms of the nationality (religion) of the victims, the riots were of a criminal nature.
The purpose of the article is to highlight the issues of honoring the memory of the victims in the First World War through the prism of publications about measures to perpetuate it in the Kiev press ...of 1914-1917. The methodology of the study includes the use of general logical methods of scientific knowledge: analysis, synthesis, analogy, as well as special historical research methods: internal critique – for source study analysis of documents, theoretical generalization – for formulating relevant conclusions. The scientific novelty of the article is that a comprehensive study of periodicals of Kyiv for the period 1914-1917 was conducted; The measures of the imperial authorities on perpetuating the memory of the victims in the First World War were highlighted. Conclusion. Thus, during the First World War, part of the Kiev periodicals, elucidated in detail all the measures that were related to the perpetuation of the memory of the soldiers who died on the fronts - solemn worships, prayer services, and the arrangement of places of memory in particular. This was an important part of imperial policy, which consisted in the heroization of the military past, the exaltation of victories in invasive wars, the justification of the right to annexation and occupation, the upbringing of a respectful attitude to the king and imperial power institutions.
The murder of the Austro-Hungarian crown prince Franco Ferdinand and his wife, Sofia Hohenberg, in Sarajevo in 1914, opened numerous questions and controversies. Opposite conclusions and observations ...on this issue were elaborated not only by historians, but by politologists, sociologists, psychologists, and others, which was only one of the reasons why many issues in this issue remain in the sphere of controversial answers. It is therefore to be assumed that the giving of the final scientific court, the murder that triggered the world cataclysm, will continue to be the subject of many discussions and controversies. In this paper, the author sought to highlight events from this turbulent time in the Herzegovina region based on archival material, which has not been published so far.
The contribution considers the development of social care for war veterans in the former Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. At the same time, it reflects on the potential for social work in the ...Czech armed forces. The text focuses on an analysis of publicly available historical documents in the form of legislative regulations and policies from 1918 to the present, and provides information on the focus of social care for war veterans as well as on its politicisation and aspects of its historical discontinuity in the former Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. The conclusion to the text provides a discussion on the necessity for and needs of social work in the Czech armed forces with concern to both war veterans and, generally, armed forces personnel as a relevant target group.
This review presents two books that are closely related. The study by Olga Mastianica entitled Bajorija lietuvių tautiniame projekte (XIX a. pabaiga – XX a. pradžia) Nobility in the Lithuanian ...National Project (Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries) analyses the projects of including the nobility into the vision of modern Lithuania that were proposed from the publication of the first Lithuanian newspaper, Aušra Dawn (1883–1886), until the beginning of the First World War. The other book under discussion is the diary of Mečislovas Davainis-Silvestraitis, edited by Olga Mastianica-Stankevič and Jurgita Venckienė. Davainis-Silvestraitis (1849–1919), who was engaged in the Lithuanian national movement in the second half of the nineteenth century, wanted to display by his own example that it was possible to "re-Lithuanise" the Polish-speaking nobility. He was the editor of the magazine Litwa Lithuania (1908–1914), which was published in Polish and the main audience of which was the Polish-speaking nobility of Lithuania.
The Curzon Line is usually identified as the line of 8 December 1919 (similar to the current eastern border of Poland), running to the east of the Daugavpils-Vilnius-Hrodna railway. Typical ...historiographical texts state that the Soviet government decided to ignore the Curzon Line after 17 July 1920. But in fact, the Red Army crossed the Curzon Line on 13–14 July and continued to occupy Vilna (Vilnius). Another inaccuracy follows from this one. The prevailing trend is to interpret the Lithuanian state’s situation in 1920 as facing one of two ideology-based alternatives: either Lithuania is sovietised, or it is ‘saved’ by Poland, which occupies Vilnius and separates Lithuania from contact with Soviet Russia. But this raises a whole swathe of questions: how should the Lithuanians’ struggle for Vilnius during the whole interwar period be viewed? How should assistance to Lithuanians from other countries, such as Germany, the USSR and Great Britain, be assessed? Finally, how should the return of Vilnius to Lithuania in 1939 be viewed? There is no answer to these questions, but the possibility of Lithuania as a buffer zone thanks to the Curzon Line, is ignored or hardly analysed at all. Using historical documents from Lithuania, Great Britain and Russia, and referring to the studies by Alfred Erich Senn, this article aims to find an answer to the question, why was the idea of Lithuania as a buffer state not realised in the summer of 1920? The idea that it would be more appropriate to call the line alongside Lithuania established at the Spa Conference ‘the Lloyd George Line’ is also discussed.
In this article the effect of Sombart in Turkish thought will be discussed in two periods, the late Ottoman and the early republican era in the context of Germans and Germany and then specified in ...the Sabri F. Ülgener case with his research in economic mentality. It will be proposed that Sombart’s effect was limited within the scope of his political writing until Ülgener and his idea on the genesis of capitalism and methodology which was originated from spiritual sciences, are firstly considered with Ülgener.
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