Abstract
Fiscal deficits, elevated debt-to-GDP ratios, and high inflation rates suggest hyperinflation could have potentially emerged in many European countries after World War I. We demonstrate that ...economic policy uncertainty was a key driver pushing a subset of European countries into hyperinflation shortly after the end of the war. Germany, Austria, Poland and Hungary (GAPH) suffered from frequent uncertainty shocks—and correspondingly high levels of uncertainty—caused by protracted political negotiations over reparations payments, the apportionment of the Austro-Hungarian debt and border disputes. In contrast, other European countries exhibited lower levels of measured uncertainty between 1919 and 1925, allowing them more capacity with which to implement credible commitments to their fiscal and monetary policies. Impulse response functions show that increased uncertainty caused a rise in inflation contemporaneously and for a few months afterwards in GAPH, but this effect was absent or much more limited for other European countries.
In his early lecture courses, Martin Heidegger exhibited an abiding interest in human life. He believed that human life has philosophical import while it is actually being lived; language has ...philosophical import while it is being spoken. In this book, Scott Campbell traces the development of Heidegger's ideas about factical life through his interest in Greek thought and its concern with Being. He contends that Heidegger's existential concerns about human life and his ontological concerns about the meaning of Being crystallize in the notion of Dasein as the Being of factical human life.Emphasizing the positive aspects of everydayness, Campbell explores the contexts of meaning embedded within life; the intensity of average, everyday life; the temporal immediacy of life in early Christianity; the hermeneutic pursuit of life's self-alienation; factical spatiality; the temporalizing of history within life; the richness of the world; and the facticity of speaking in Plato and Aristotle. He shows how Heidegger presents a way of grasping human life as riddled with deception but also charged with meaning and open to revelation and insight.
Die Publizisten, Autoren und Verbandsaktiven der frühen Weimarer Republik waren zutiefst durch Vorkriegs- und Kriegszeit geprägt, auch die Redakteure und Beiträger der jungkonservativen Zeitschrift ..."Gewissen". Neben dem Inhalt der Zeitschrift analysiert die Autorin auch die Lebensdaten von über der Hälfte der insgesamt 280 Autoren. So wird die Netzwerkfunktion der Zeitschrift sichtbar gemacht.
Grundlage der vorliegenden Arbeit bilden nun die ersten sowjetischen Kinderzeitschriften im Zeitraum von 1919 bis 1925. Zu Beginn werden in einem informatorischen Teil die gesellschaftlichen und ...kulturpolitischen Rahmenbedingungen der frühen sowjetischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur und Kinderzeitschriften skizziert. Es werden zunächst einige Fakten zum Kinderliteraturbetrieb genannt bevor in zwei weiteren Schritten auf die Kinderliteraturkritik (erste Ebene) und die Pionierbewegung (dritte Ebene) eingegangen wird.
A description and analysis of the background, history, and programme of the first opposition party of the Turkish Republic, the Progressive Republican Party, together with translations of the most ...important political documents from the period, resulting in a revision of the early history of the Turkish Republic.
We develop and apply a method of testing for speculative bubbles. The method is designed to overcome two well‐known problems in the identification of bubble phenomena—the problem of distinguishing ...any type of bubble from an expected future change in market fundamentals and the problem of detecting a periodically‐collapsing bubble when the residuals of the fundamentals regression are integrated. We propose the strategy of estimating a switching regime model of market prices, partialling out expected changes in fundamentals and carefully analysing the properties of the residuals. Extending our analysis, we also propose a more direct test for bubbles, based on the estimation of the general (fundamentals‐plus‐bubble) solution for market prices. We apply our methodology to the study of German hyper‐ inflation in the 1920s. We find evidence consistent with the existence of a bubble during that hyperinflation.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain ...Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain ...Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Z 60.523-199- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under ...the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Letterbook MS5995 is a compilation of copies of letters sent by J. Clarke & Sons to their clients in Ireland and abroad in 1924.
The ...book lacks any original binding, and the letters are in thin transparent paper. At times the ink on the letters is quite blurred.- Donated to Trinity College Library by the Clarke family, 1973- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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