As a result of the National Struggle, which can also be described as the struggle for the survival of Turkishness, the Turkish nation has shown the whole world what they can endure for the sake of an ...inch of land even under very difficult conditions. In the absence of a regular army during the period of the National Struggle, we see that a number of patriotic formations emerged to protect the unity of the homeland. These formations, called Kuvâ-yi Milliye, mean voluntary militia units that came together against the occupation forces for the independence of the homeland by taking strength from their national feelings. During the National Struggle, Turkish people supported the independence movement in all regions. In this process, Bayat district of Afyonkarahisar, known for its proximity to strategic cities in the National Struggle such as Eskişehir, Akşehir and Afyonkarahisar, was exposed to the occupation attempts of the Greek army in its struggle for independence. Although Bayat was not directly in the hot spot in the Battle of Sakarya and the Major Assault of Turkish Army due to its location, it was a settlement where the necessary military services and Tekâlif-i Milliye orders were implemented for the National Struggle. Lieutenant Colonel Arif Bey, who has not been sufficiently mentioned in the pages of history, came to his hometown Bayat as a result of the arrest warrant issued by the Istanbul Government against him, supported the Kuvâ-yi Milliye movement in the Central Anatolia region and played an active role in suppressing the rebellions that emerged in the immediate vicinity. One of the important works of Lieutenant Colonel Arif Bey in this process is that he united the militia forces around him under his command and established the Karakeçili National Regiment and created an important support force for the National Struggle. In this study, which was created by making use of archival documents, memoirs, researches and information in periodicals, we aimed to make a historical contribution to the understanding of the local and national values of Turkish independence.
As the front of the northeastward-growth region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau since the Cenozoic, arcuate fold-and-thrust belts are the main features of local tectonic deformation. However, the ...formation mechanism of these arcuate structures is still an open question. We present 3D finite-element models with elasto-plastic rheology to understand the formation-evolution of arcuate folds here comprising real regional fault-zones including the Haiyuan, Xiang Shan–Tianjing Shan, Yantong Shan, and Niushou Shan faults since ∼10 Ma. The reference-model equivalent-plastic-strain (EPS) concentration zones develop outwardly-NE in spatio-temporal sequence, with development geometry and timing in good agreement with the geologic fault-zone structures. Our reference-model-based sensitivity analysis suggest that the horizontal northeastward compression of the region being bounded by a frictional vicinity (rigid Alxa and Ordos blocks hindering the advancement) have the dominant control on the formation and evolution of these arcuate fold-and-thrust belts perpendicular to the contraction axis. In contrast, the likely-small rotations imprinted by the Ordos and Alxa blocks and the minor shearing of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, have only secondary effects. An additional, generic sensitivity analysis reveals that the folds’ horizontal curvature per unit horizontal shortening-displacement increases with the friction on the bounding vicinity, and this result could be considered for other scenarios of Earth and other planets. Historical regional earthquakes of M > 6 are mostly located in the simulated EPS concentration zones: the 1920 Haiyuan and 1709 Zhongwei earthquakes occurred on the Haiyuan and Xiang Shan–Tianjing Shan faults, respectively, well correlated with our model high-EPS concentration zones.
•3D elastoplastic models simulated the arcuate structural belts formation in the NE margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.•Tectonic shortening dominates the development of plasticity bands, while rotations and shearing have secondary effects.•A higher frictional coefficient leads to higher curvature of arcuate deformation bands.•EPS concentration zones in the study area are correlated with historical earthquakes, forming a local seismogenic zone.
Love stories Manning, Paul
Love stories,
2015, 20150515, 2015, 2015-05-15
eBook
Love Stories offers an ethnography of language and desire
that doubles as an introduction to key linguistic genres and to the
interplay of language and culture.
This study aims to reconsider the literature of Queen Marie of Romania, a personality acknowledged nowadays for the major role she played during First World War in Romania. I start from the ...assumption advanced by Romanian historians that the literature of the Queen played an important part in her political commitment to the national ideal. Apart from its ideological and moral value during the war, her literature deserves a fresh view from the perspective of literary studies. Her work, comprising fiction, memories, an autobiography and a private diary of over two decades proves a complex corpus of literary texts that needs to be re-examined. Marie of Romania was a successful writer for a contemporary international and national public and I tried first to outline a short history of her reception pointing to a few important moments and names. Her autobiography was appreciated by Virginia Woolf in a 1934 review totally unknown to Romanian criticism, while in The United States Marie was probably our most famous writer during the 1930s. In Romania, Marie’s biographical literature was one of the pioneers of the genre, perceived as such by an independent critic like Octav Șuluțiu. She actually encouraged a whole trend in feminine diary and memorial writing which also needs researching within Romanian literary studies. She was perceived by women and by the whole Romanian society as a model during the war, but I approach her literature as her special means to construct this model and pursue her public mission. Her literature continued her many charity, social and political activities, it created a “bridge” of communication between herself and her people. Literature made her voice sound in the ears of the “broken ones” to bring them a message of resilience and hope during hard times. My aim was to reconsider her literature diachronically, with a focus on the literature she published with the advent of the war: My Country, with its English and Romanian successive editions (until the 1925 edition The Country that I love. An exile’s memories), the “personal” articles published in the Army’s newspaper and gathered in the volume From my heart to theirs (1917) and finally her autobiography. The Story of my Life fulfilled her memorial project and offered an image of herself from her childhood until the end of the war. Her literature as a whole was intended to express her own search of identity, her (re)readings of herself and of her life. The theme of identity is infused in all her literature, as she put it openly in the foreword to The Story of My life: her private and her public identity are profoundly related one to another. She continually searched within her memory and displayed images and narratives of herself, in her private and public works, fictional or non-fictional. Her writing is defined by recurrent memorial leitmotifs, by the circulation of texts from private to public and by their continuous rewriting. This overview on Marie of Romania’s literature tried to grasp the meaning of her war literature, its evolution and functions during the war and after. My aim was also to enhance the literary virtues of an autobiographical writing which captured the author’s self and her sensitive experience of life.
The ‘Great War’ had harmful impacts on Hungary’s national economy. With the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the former self-sufficient economic unit broke into six different ...entities, which had far-reaching consequences in Central and Eastern Europe. Economic difficulties were further aggravated by rampant inflation. Finally, the loss of the majority of raw materials by the Treaty of Trianon meant that Hungary was cut off from its sources of supply.The following paper examines the impacts of economic reconstruction in Hungary. The analysis also focuses on the development of industry, agriculture, and trade in the 1920s.
Inhumanities is an unprecedented account of the ways Nazi Germany manipulated and mobilized European literature, philosophy, painting, sculpture and music in support of its ideological ends. David B. ...Dennis shows how, based on belief that the Third Reich represented the culmination of Western civilization, culture became a key propaganda tool in the regime's program of national renewal and its campaign against political, national and racial enemies. Focusing on the daily output of the Völkischer Beobachter, the party's official organ and the most widely circulating German newspaper of the day, he reveals how activists twisted history, biography and aesthetics to fit Nazism's authoritarian, militaristic and anti-Semitic world views. Ranging from National Socialist coverage of Germans such as Luther, Dürer, Goethe, Beethoven, Wagner and Nietzsche to 'great men of the Nordic West' such as Socrates, Leonardo and Michelangelo, Dennis reveals the true extent of the regime's ambitious attempt to reshape the 'German mind'.
Neste artigo visamos empreender uma análise entrecruzada de representações gráfico-satíricas publicadas em periódicos dos anos 1920, como prisma privilegiado para divisar ideias que permeavam as ...construções de gênero no circuito da mídia impressa nos dois lados do Atlântico.
Sob uma perspectiva da História Cultural, vislumbramos esse viés de investigação a fim de perscrutar circularidades transnacionais porventura evidenciadas nas temáticas e nos significados polissêmicos das representações, entendidas como repositórios de vestígios valorosos de arquétipos femininos, passíveis de interpretação.
Por meio de caricaturas, é possível entrever o papel dos periódicos na internacionalização da cultura e na elaboração de subjetividades; interessa-nos compreender a influência daqueles veículos nas mudanças de comportamento, nas demandas e aspirações das mulheres e consequente alteração de seu lugar social, em meio à difusão de gostos e valores, sensibilidades e imaginários, compartilhados em produções que conjugavam imagem, texto e humor.
