Neste artigo visamos empreender uma análise entrecruzada de representações gráfico-satíricas publicadas em periódicos dos anos 1920, como prisma privilegiado para divisar ideias que permeavam as ...construções de gênero no circuito da mídia impressa nos dois lados do Atlântico.
Sob uma perspectiva da História Cultural, vislumbramos esse viés de investigação a fim de perscrutar circularidades transnacionais porventura evidenciadas nas temáticas e nos significados polissêmicos das representações, entendidas como repositórios de vestígios valorosos de arquétipos femininos, passíveis de interpretação.
Por meio de caricaturas, é possível entrever o papel dos periódicos na internacionalização da cultura e na elaboração de subjetividades; interessa-nos compreender a influência daqueles veículos nas mudanças de comportamento, nas demandas e aspirações das mulheres e consequente alteração de seu lugar social, em meio à difusão de gostos e valores, sensibilidades e imaginários, compartilhados em produções que conjugavam imagem, texto e humor.
The Slovak Republic of 1939–1945 was established on the doorstep of the deadliest war in history. It almost immediately became an active participant in the war as an ally of Nazi Germany. Moreover, ...already in March 1939, Slovakia, just after its foundation, found itself in a military conflict with Hungary. These facts were naturally reflected in all spheres of society, including urban spaces. This study aims to analyze interventions in the public spaces of Slovak towns related to a cult of martyrs. There was strong need to justify the new Slovak Republic’s participation in the war. This need became increasingly pressing, especially after the invasion of the Soviet Union, which met with the disapproval of the majority of the population. I therefore ask how the regime responded to this. I am especially interested in following questions: how were public spaces transformed change in an effort to build a martyr cult before and after the attack on the Soviet Union? Were there significant interventions in connection with this event (the declaration of war against the USSR)? Had the symbol of a martyr or a soldier changed, and if so, how? The study is organized chronologically. I analyze interventions in public spaces during the so-called Little War in March 1939, at the moment of entry into the war against Poland in September 1939, and at the moment of entry into the war against the USSR in June 1941. I examine interventions on architecture-material level which involved the renaming streets and the creation of memorials. I also focus on perceptions of the street as a “stage” for military parades or ceremonies in the course of which soldiers were awarded decorations.
In interwar Czechoslovakia, the construction of a well-founded military establishment was a core component of the state building process. Reflecting broader trends across the post-imperial, ...particularly post-Habsburg space, Czechoslovak state builders deployed a rhetoric of radical military transformation predicated in part on a rejection of the imperial military legacy. As this article shows, however, certain elements of Habsburg military tradition survived the transition from empire to nation-state. Focusing on the legacy of Bohemia’s old Habsburg regiments, I argue that “imperial” military tradition could be adapted for use in the new republic through a process of selective reimagining. During the interwar period, regimental groups consisting of Czech-speaking Habsburg veterans dedicated considerable time and energy to the project of “nationalizing” Habsburg regimental tradition. By emphasizing the historically Czech character of their former regiments within the broader Habsburg military establishment, these veterans’ groups provided a means by which Bohemia’s old imperial regiments could be incorporated, conceptually, into prevailing interwar narratives of Czech military heritage.
Joseph Edward Davies (1876‒1956) was U.S. ambassador to Moscow between 1936 and 1938. Davies was a lawyer who joined the Democrats and contributed to the success of the presidential election of ...Woodrow Wilson whom he supported in various capacities during his two terms 1912–1920. He was a close companion of Wilson before he became an international lawyer between the U.S. and Mexico, Peru, The Netherlands, Greece and the Dominican Republic. He was mainly involved in anti-trust cases representing Seagrams, National Dairy, Copley Publishing, Anglo-Swiss, Nestlé and Fox Films. Joseph E. Davies supported the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt who sent him in 1936 with his newly wed wife, the former Mrs. Post, as a U.S. ambassador to Moscow. Amb. Davies was led astray by his Soviet hosts, probably through the valuable art gifts he received for his personal art collection. He became as it were blindfolded while studying the Soviet Union and, especially, during the showtrials when he was called upon to watch closely and serve as a witness. The ambassador seemed to believe all the horrible crimes the victims of these trials accused of and showed no doubts whatsoever as to the trials. He sent his reports to Secretary of State Cordell Hull and President Roosevelt, published in his book Mission to Moscow which served as the basis of his 1943 Hollywood film, a great contribution to Soviet propaganda efforts as it came from an authoritative eyewitness who was present at these trials in the critical years in and after 1936, and up to 1938. Mission to Moscow was translated into several languages after World War Two, particularly in Eastern Europe, as it did excellent political service to the Soviet Union and to Joseph Stalin personally. Amb. Davies continued his career as a diplomat throughout and right after World War II.
The fragment of the memoirs written by I. A. Makhanov, the chief designer of artillery weapons of the Kirov plant, allows us to trace the fate of the Hungarian communist community in the USSR. The ...memoirist reports many interesting facts and details on some Hungarian communists during the Great Terror. The author of the memoirs, I. A. Makhanov supposed that I. V. Stalin physically destroyed the leaders of the Hungarian communist movement, and drove the Russian proletariat and peasantry to slavery and serfdom – a severe blow to the communist movement, from which it could not recover.
The article is devoted to little-known moments in the history of the study of the “cave city” Eski-Kermen in 1930—1933, or rather to the contribution of F.I. Schmit in his study. The figure of this ...scientist, the picture of expeditions with his participation, revealed through letters and memoirs, has not yet been the subject of research by historians of archeology. The recommendations proposed in F.I. Schmit's articles on the development of agriculture in the region have not lost their scientific and practical significance to this day. The archaeological discoveries of the expeditions of the 1930—1933 were not in demand, and the lost economic benefits for the development of the Crimea are not meaningful. Publications By F.I. Schmit's account of the Eski-Kermen expeditions suggest that he made a significant contribution to the beginning of the systematic study of the medieval Crimea. Expedition materials and forgotten publications by F. Schmit can become an important part of a generalizing study of the history of Eski-Kermen.
