The Rise of Research Teams Jones, Benjamin F.
The Journal of economic perspectives,
04/2021, Letnik:
35, Številka:
2
Journal Article
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Economics research is increasingly performed in teams, and team-authored work has a large and increasing impact advantage. This article considers the benefits and costs of this "rise of teams." Among ...its benefits, teamwork allows individuals to aggregate knowledge in productive and novel ways. For example, as knowledge accumulates over time, individuals become narrower in their expertise, and teamwork is a natural organizational approach to aggregating expertise and maintaining one's reach. But teamwork also brings costs. For example, teamwork divides and obscures credit, which is central to the reward system of science. By clouding credit assignment, teamwork can undermine individual career progression and exacerbate issues of bias. In addressing the rise of teamwork, this paper further considers institutional innovations, especially those inspired by the hard sciences, that can help limit the costs teamwork imposes while realizing the benefits.
UFOs sind nicht außerirdischen Ursprungs, sondern deutsche Flugscheiben, erfunden am Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs: Dieser populäre Mythos kursiert nicht erst seit der Spielfilmreihe „Iron Sky“. ...Gerhard Wiechmann hat sich auf die Suche nach dem Ursprung des medialen Phantoms gemacht – und Unerwartetes entdeckt. Die Karriere der Geschichte von den „Nazi-UFOs“ ist eine sehr deutsche Angelegenheit, die in der jungen Bundesrepublik maßgeblich vorangetrieben wurde. Ausgerechnet die Bundeswehr trug dazu bei, den Mythos zu legitimieren. Über akribische Recherchen werden die Personen, Presseorgane und TV-Sendungen identifiziert, die das Thema von Zeitungsmeldungen der 1950er Jahre bis in die Gegenwart fortschrieben. Entstanden ist eine ebenso spannende wie nachdenklich machende Geschichte über die Entstehung von „fake news“ im analogen Zeitalter.
Various modes of women's contemporary cultural, social and political leadership can be found in music. Informed by different histories and culturally bound social mores but also by a comparative ...perspective, the contributors of this volume ask what can be considered leadership in culture from women's point of view. They deconstruct the notion of leadership as corporative and career-related modes of success by showing how women's agency, power and negotiation in and through music can and should be considered as empowering, transformative and role-modeling. By interweaving several disciplinary perspectives - from ethnomusicology, musicology and cultural management to sociology and anthropology - this volume aims to substantially contribute to the study of women's leadership.
Over the twenty-first century, and especially since 2014, global exchange rate volatility has been trending downward, notably among the core G3 currencies (dollar, euro, and the yen), and to some ...extent the G4 (including China). This stability continued through the COVID-19 recession to date—unusual, as exchange volatility generally rises in US recessions. Compared with measures of stock price volatility, exchange rate volatility rivals the lows reached in the heyday of the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates. This paper argues that the core driver is convergence in monetary policy, reflected in a sharp reduction of inflation and short– and especially long-term interest rate differentials. This unprecedented stability, which partially extends to emerging markets, is strongly reinforced by expectations that the zero bound will be significantly binding for advanced economies for years to come. We consider various hypotheses and suggest that the shutdown of monetary volatility is the leading explanation. The concluding part of the paper cautions that systemic economic crises often produce major turning points, so a collapse of this new and extended Bretton Woods II regime cannot be ruled out.
Angifi Dladla is a Poet of No Sure Place. His poetry speaks for the marginalized and explores the otherwise unmentioned dynamics of South Africa's political and social landscape. In this article I ...explore how this label is demonstrated within his two collections of poetry, The Girl Who Then Feared to Sleep and Lament for Kofifi Machu. More specifically, my argument engages with the evolving meanings of freedom evoked by Dladla, first in his apartheid-era poetry and, second, in that of today's post-apartheid situation. I demonstrate how the black-on-black violence of the 1980s townships caused a sense of confinement that forced Dladla within himself. Only then was he able to understand freedom and chart a way forward. Following this, the article turns toward those poems that depict contemporary South Africa. My analysis suggests that when freedom, not oppression, is the official political environment of the day, the reality for many is only continued violence and despair. To chart a way out of this bleak malaise, Dladla exhorts others to write in the style of his own poetry.
Tribute Allan, Kyle
New coin South African poetry,
12/2020, Letnik:
56, Številka:
2
Journal Article
South African poems on social issues are frequently driven by slogans, hashtags and ideological statements, using physical images as illustrations of concepts rather than trusting their imagistic ...power to penetrate even deeper to the core of actuality. "The building, the weapon, the way" (p.79), is in my view one of the crucial poems of South African literature; on the surface, a straightforward poem of social criticism: the building you occupy, belonged to the enemy that's where he wrote tragedies and farces for our people. his thought forms have formed you into his twin. the weapon you inherited, carries his impressions like a dog used to sodomy, always it will drive you to inhuman action the way you are, is the way he was growing blindly without shame; ignoring the rumbling under his feet This poem alerts those who would chronicle the contemporary to the reality that artistic activism is not rote repetition of issues or the dry realism of the obvious. In a time where so many poets meet social issues with wordiness and cliché, Dladla strips things to their devastating essence, such as in "so turned a taxi" (p.32): so turned a taxi into a lightning bird warming up but whirled in volume flames for failing to fly. we would later encounter an unidentified object; fused iron and bones. In "peace initiatives (midnight shift)" (p.45) he startlingly transforms an everyday (or rather every night) disco scene into a phantasmagoric nightmare scene, in which: swift. nightmare things pounce here and melt there as whirling rays and crystals. hi-tech hell of peace...
This brief presents a factual and retrospective analysis of the relationships between urbanisation and demography in North Africa and West Africa. It shows that the process of demographic transition ...is now fully underway in this region. North of the Sahara the new demographic equilibrium features a birth rate higher than expected, according to theoretical model predictions, resulting in continuous population growth. Over 70% of the population now lives in cities, a number that is expected to continue to rise in the coming decades. South of the Sahara all countries have seen death rates plummet, followed by a decrease in birth rates. The gap between the change in the two variables has contributed to spectacular natural growth in the space of a few decades. This growth is occurring in parallel with a redistribution of populations to urban areas, which are now home to close to one of every two inhabitants. West African urbanisation is likely to accelerate the social, economic and political changes that favour the demographic transition. One of the main challenges facing the region is the question of how to reduce the regional variations seen in fertility rates between the continent’s urban and rural areas.
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