Abstract
The extension of voting rights epitomizes the construction of modern democracies. This paper empirically investigates the effect of such an enfranchisement on political violence in the ...context of the US Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965, which forbade discrimination in voting. The formula the VRA used to determine the counties it applied to generated both geographic and temporal local discontinuities in enfranchisement. This paper’s empirical strategy takes advantage of these features by comparing the evolution of political violence in geographically close covered and non-covered counties. Difference-in-differences estimates indicate that VRA coverage halved the incidence and the onset of political violence. Additional empirical evidence implies that voting became the new institutionalized way to state political preferences. Indeed, VRA coverage mostly decreased electoral and small-scale strategic violence. This result is not explained by disaggrievement. Extensions suggest that new strategies of political action may explain a decrease in violence after enfranchisement.
The wind from the east Woli, Richard
2010., 20171114, 2010, 2010-07-01, 2017-11-14, 20100101
eBook
Michel Foucault, Jean-Paul Sartre, Julia Kristeva, Phillipe Sollers, and Jean-Luc Godard. During the 1960s, a who's who of French thinkers, writers, and artists, spurred by China's Cultural ...Revolution, were seized with a fascination for Maoism. Combining a merciless expos of left-wing political folly and cross-cultural misunderstanding with a spirited defense of the 1960s, The Wind from the East tells the colorful story of this legendary period in France. Richard Wolin shows how French students and intellectuals, inspired by their perceptions of the Cultural Revolution, and motivated by utopian hopes, incited grassroots social movements and reinvigorated French civic and cultural life.
Dans la poésie visuelle espagnole des années 1960-70, l’hybridité ne provient pas, d’abord, d’éléments extérieurs au texte mais de l’exploration du texte et de ses potentialités cachées. Son travail ...sur la page, le jeu sur les lettres, font apparaître de nouveaux modes de signifier qui interrogent les origines du langage et le sujet poétique, entre conscient et inconscient. A la fois lisible et illisible, le poème visuel met en scène une poétique du balancement : le doute, le vacillement, sont au cœur de la création poétique. La voix poétique se morcelle et semble se dissoudre, à moins qu’elle ne réapparaisse à travers une « esthétique du conflit » : l’hybridité est alors l’expression privilégiée d’un positionnement politique du poète dans un contexte (notamment linguistique) de crise.
Der für die Geschichte der BRD bedeutsame Komplex »1968« ist in den letzten Jahren weitgehend hinter vagen Erinnerungen und ideologischen Zurichtungen verschwunden - die übliche journalistische ...Aufzählung der bekannten Ereignisse macht das nicht besser. 1968 ist international aber nicht nur eine Hochzeit der Aktion, sondern auch eine der Reden und Theorien gewesen. Darum lohnt es, einen genauen Blick auf die Texte von damals zu werfen: auf Beiträge von Jürgen Habermas, Stuart Hall, Rudi Dutschke, David Cooper, Herbert Marcuse, Susan Sontag, André Glucksmann, Tuli Kupferberg, Bernardine Dohrn sowie auf Artikel ihrer Gegenspieler Raymond Aron, Joachim Fest, Niklas Luhmann u.v.a. Dabei entsteht ein ebenso umfassendes wie detailreiches Bild der wichtigsten Grundsätze von »1968« in den Bereichen Politik, Lebensstil und Kultur.
Recently, the experience of the 1960s—when the U.S. inflation rate rose rapidly and persistently over a comparatively short period—has been invoked as a cautionary tale for the present. An analysis ...of this period indicates that the inflation regime that prevailed in the 1960s was different in several key regards from the one that prevailed on the eve of the pandemic. Hence, there are few useable lessons to be drawn from this experience, save that monetary policymaking remains a difficult undertaking.
L’hôpital psychiatrique connaît des évolutions profondes au cours de la deuxième moitié du xxe siècle. Au-delà du rôle des médecins ou de l’administration, l’article entend comprendre comment un ...acteur singulier, la CGT, s’investit dans ces transformations durant les années 1960 et 1970. En saisissant conjointement les contextes de travail et les socialisations militantes, il s’agit de s’intéresser au développement par la CGT de revendications qui portent sur les mutations de la psychiatrie, et de montrer comment certains de ses militants cherchent à en modifier les pratiques.
After World War II, Mexican American veterans returned home to lead the civil rights struggles of the fifties, sixties, and seventies. Many of their stories have been recorded by the Voces Oral ...History Project (formerly the U.S. Latino & Latina World War II Oral History Project), founded and directed by Maggie Rivas-Rodriguez at the University of Texas at Austin School of Journalism. In this volume, she draws upon the vast resources of the Voces Project, as well as archives in other parts of the country, to tell the stories of three little-known advancements in Mexican American civil rights. The first two stories recount local civil rights efforts that typified the grassroots activism of Mexican Americans across the Southwest. One records the successful effort led by parents to integrate the Alpine, Texas, public schools in 1969—fifteen years after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that separate schools were inherently unconstitutional. The second describes how El Paso’s first Mexican American mayor, Raymond Telles, quietly challenged institutionalized racism to integrate the city’s police and fire departments, thus opening civil service employment to Mexican Americans. The final account provides the first history of the early days of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) and its founder Pete Tijerina Jr. from MALDEF’s incorporation in San Antonio in 1968 until its move to San Francisco in 1972.
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