Referendums have become an undeniably important, and perhaps inescapable, peacemaking tool in contemporary peace processes. As such, understanding the ways in which referendum outcomes are shaped by ...peace negotiations is vital. Drawing upon two case studies, Amaral presents an empirically rich comparative analysis of the Annan Plan in Cyprus and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland. She examines the negotiations, offering new interview material with key political and civil figures involved in the peace negotiations and referendum campaigns in both cases. Amaral argues that referendums are unsuitable for traditional secretive and exclusionist peace negotiations that fail to engage and educate the public. They rather require inclusive negotiations that involve a broad spectrum of political stakeholders and civil society at the early stages of the process. This peacemaking approach can allow referendums to positively shape societies in conflict and be a crucial step toward lasting peace.
What drives the politics of majority nationalism during crises, stalemates and peace mediations? In his innovative study of majority nationalism, Neophytos Loizides answers this important question by ...investigating how peacemakers succeed or fail in transforming the language of ethnic nationalism and war.The Politics of Majority Nationalism focuses on the contemporary politics of the 'post-Ottoman neighborhood' to explore conflict management in Greece and Turkey while extending its arguments to Serbia, Georgia and Ukraine. Drawing on systematic coding of parliamentary debates, new datasets and elite interviews, the book analyses and explains the under-emphasized linkages between institutions, symbols, and framing processes that enable or restrict the choice of peace. Emphasizing the constraints societies face when trapped in antagonistic frames, Loizides argues wisely mediated institutional arrangements can allow peacemaking to progress.
Sylvia Plaths, av Siv Arb översatta, dikter har haft en ansenlig inverkan på den svenskspråkiga poesin sedan 1970-talets slut. Den här artikeln visar hur Arb översatte Plaths dikt ”Pappa”, samt hur ...Arb och Katarina Frostenson tagit intryck av och svarat på denna översatta dikt. Med ett avgränsat material ges en bild av hur Plaths översatta poesi på ett mångfacetterat vis inverkat på den svenskspråkiga poesin i termer av poetiska motiv, teman och tekniker. Med en komparativ metod som sätter översättningar i centrum för analysen synliggör artikeln hur Arbs översättning av Plaths dikt ”Pappa” genljuder i den svenskspråkiga litteraturen mellan 1978–2019.
The gut microbiota has been implicated as an environmental factor that modulates obesity, and recent evidence suggests that microbiota-mediated changes in bile acid profiles and signalling through ...the bile acid nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) contribute to impaired host metabolism. Here we investigated if the gut microbiota modulates obesity and associated phenotypes through FXR.
We fed germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CONV-R) wild-type and
mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. We monitored weight gain and glucose metabolism and analysed the gut microbiota and bile acid composition, beta-cell mass, accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue, liver steatosis, and expression of target genes in adipose tissue and liver. We also transferred the microbiota of wild-type and
-deficient mice to GF wild-type mice.
The gut microbiota promoted weight gain and hepatic steatosis in an FXR-dependent manner, and the bile acid profiles and composition of faecal microbiota differed between
and wild-type mice. The obese phenotype in colonised wild-type mice was associated with increased beta-cell mass, increased adipose inflammation, increased steatosis and expression of genes involved in lipid uptake. By transferring the caecal microbiota from HFD-fed
and wild-type mice into GF mice, we showed that the obesity phenotype was transferable.
Our results indicate that the gut microbiota promotes diet-induced obesity and associated phenotypes through FXR, and that FXR may contribute to increased adiposity by altering the microbiota composition.
Gifted Greek is a reflection on twentieth-century Greek
history and politics, as well as a character study of its first
socialist prime minister, Andreas Papandreou. Monteagle Stearns
witnessed the ...transformation of Papandreou from an affable American
economist to a stormy, anti-American Greek, over Stearns's three
diplomatic assignments to Athens, the last as a U.S. ambassador.
The unresolved dispute over how and by whom Greece should be
governed parallels the equally unresolved issues between Papandreou
and his estranged father, George. Andreas, who left Greece in 1940,
became a naturalized American citizen and a twenty-year resident of
the United States. In contrast, George was thoroughly Greek: a
flamboyant, republican-leaning politician, a one-time prime
minister, and a perennial leader of Greece's Liberal Party. Stearns
arrived in Athens as a diplomat in early 1958, in the thick of
Greece's political turmoil. Over the next five years, he came to
know first George Papandreou and then his son, Andreas. As
neighbors in suburban Athens, as fellow Americans, and as
like-minded critics of the problems still afflicting postwar
Greece, Stearns and Andreas quickly established a warm friendship.
Over the decades, however, that friendship was tested and frayed.
Gifted Greek is a reflection on the Cold War era, on its
impact on Greece, and on Andreas himself-whose dual nature had long
fascinated the author and led to this account of their curiously
entwined professional and personal lives.
Neste artigo pretendemos revisitar um dos palcos privilegiados para a expressão dos cidadãos – a rua e o espaço público urbano – a partir do legado das pichagens e murais realizados durante o período ...revolucionário do 25 de Abril de 1974 em Portugal. Refletimos sobre a memória histórica da revolução e a forma como periodicamente se tem assistido no país à recuperação do seu repertório político-estético. Tendo este contexto como objeto de estudo, pensamos a forma de participação dos cidadãos e o papel do espaço público enquanto terreno fundamental para a comunicação política e para a vivência democrática, discorrendo sobre aspetos de visualidade e performatividade política.
Global Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes of Reduced GFR Thomas, Bernadette; Matsushita, Kunihiro; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen ...
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology,
07/2017, Letnik:
28, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The burden of premature death and health loss from ESRD is well described. Less is known regarding the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to reduced GFR. We estimated the prevalence of ...reduced GFR categories 3, 4, and 5 (not on RRT) for 188 countries at six time points from 1990 to 2013. Relative risks of cardiovascular outcomes by three categories of reduced GFR were calculated by pooled random effects meta-analysis. Results are presented as deaths for outcomes of cardiovascular disease and ESRD and as disability-adjusted life years for outcomes of cardiovascular disease, GFR categories 3, 4, and 5, and ESRD. In 2013, reduced GFR was associated with 4% of deaths worldwide, or 2.2 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 95% UI, 2.0 to 2.4 million). More than half of these attributable deaths were cardiovascular deaths (1.2 million; 95% UI, 1.1 to 1.4 million), whereas 0.96 million (95% UI, 0.81 to 1.0 million) were ESRD-related deaths. Compared with metabolic risk factors, reduced GFR ranked below high systolic BP, high body mass index, and high fasting plasma glucose, and similarly with high total cholesterol as a risk factor for disability-adjusted life years in both developed and developing world regions. In conclusion, by 2013, cardiovascular deaths attributed to reduced GFR outnumbered ESRD deaths throughout the world. Studies are needed to evaluate the benefit of early detection of CKD and treatment to decrease these deaths.
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