Nowadays, the transformation between coordinate systems is the major interested problems especially in Iraq. There are many coordinate systems used to produce maps and documentations due to different ...datums and spheroids. These coordinate systems are preferable to be unified in local countries. Thus, this paper deals with the transformation of coordinate systems of Karbala 1979 Polservice and World Geodetic System (WGS) 1984 to Iraqi Geospatial Reference System (IGRS). Accurate and well distributed control points are selected to cover the study area in Baghdad city, Iraq. Coordinate transformations are implemented using ArcGIS application mainly. Also, MATLAB software is used to convert geographic to map coordinates and vice versa by designing two MATLAB programs. The differences between the coordinate systems have been calculated. The results found that the discrepancies between Karbala 1979 Polservice and IGRS are about 278.6 m, -287.6 m, 0.01 second, and -11.2 second in northing, easting, latitude, and longitude, respectively. The WGS 1984 is superposed to IGRS and the distinction between them is negligible. The map coordinate differences between ArcGIS and MATLAB results are about -16 to 14 mm in northing and about -13 to 12 mm in easting, while the latitude and longitude differences are zero.
Nowadays, the transformation between coordinate systems is the major interested problems especially in Iraq. There are many coordinate systems used to produce maps and documentations due to different ...datums and spheroids. These coordinate systems are preferable to be unified in local countries. Thus, this paper deals with the transformation of coordinate systems of Karbala 1979 Polservice and World Geodetic System (WGS) 1984 to Iraqi Geospatial Reference System (IGRS). Accurate and well distributed control points are selected to cover the study area in Baghdad city, Iraq. Coordinate transformations are implemented using ArcGIS application mainly. Also, MATLAB software is used to convert geographic to map coordinates and vice versa by designing two MATLAB programs. The differences between the coordinate systems have been calculated. The results found that the discrepancies between Karbala 1979 Polservice and IGRS are about 278.6 m, -287.6 m, 0.01 second, and -11.2 second in northing, easting, latitude, and longitude, respectively. The WGS 1984 is superposed to IGRS and the distinction between them is negligible. The map coordinate differences between ArcGIS and MATLAB results are about -16 to 14 mm in northing and about -13 to 12 mm in easting, while the latitude and longitude differences are zero.
Brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) begin decades before disease diagnosis. While β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are defining features of AD, neuronal loss and ...synaptic pathology are closely related to the cognitive dysfunction. Brain imaging methods that are tuned to assess degeneration of myelinated nerve fibers in the brain (collectively called white matter) include diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and related techniques, and are expected to shed light on disease-related loss of structural connectivity. Participants (N = 70, ages 47-76 years) from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention study underwent DTI and hybrid diffusion imaging to determine a free-water elimination (FWE-DTI) model. The study assessed the extent to which preclinical AD pathology affects brain white matter. Preclinical AD pathology was determined using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. The sample was enriched for AD risk (APOE ε4 and parental history of AD). AD pathology assessed by CSF analyses was significantly associated with altered microstructure on both DTI and FWE-DTI. Affected regions included frontal, parietal, and especially temporal white matter. The f-value derived from the FWE-DTI model appeared to be the most sensitive to the relationship between the CSF AD biomarkers and microstructural alterations in white matter. These findings suggest that white matter degeneration is an early pathological feature of AD that may have utility both for early disease detection and as outcome measures for clinical trials. More complex models of microstructural diffusion properties including FWE-DTI may provide increased sensitivity to early brain changes associated with AD over standard DTI.
Nel febbraio scorso è stato presentato nelle sedi deputate il Piano nazionale denominato Proteggitalia (Piano nazionale per la mitigazione del rischio idrogeologico, il ripristino e la tutela della ...risorsa ambientale, adottato con DPCM 20 febbraio 2019, con successiva approvazione, con Delibera CIPE 24 luglio 2019, del Piano stralcio degli interventi immediatamente cantierabili individuati dal Ministero dell’Ambiente), Piano la cui continuità dovrebbe essere garantita dal nuovo governo. Il Piano si prefigge di mitigare e prevenire il dissesto idrogeologico mediante azioni atte a favorire la messa in sicurezza del nostro Paese, ovvero la realizzazione di opere di manutenzione del territorio e di prevenzione del rischio. Particolare attenzione, oltre agli interventi riconducibili alla gestione delle emergenze e alle azioni di prevenzione dei rischi e manutenzione del territorio, viene dedicata alla semplificazione e rafforzamento della governance. Il piano si configura, dunque, come un riordino, una combinazione e un’integrazione dei vari aspetti, norme, interventi e risorse che nel tempo si sono avvicendate in tema di sicurezza del territorio ....
Using comparative cases from Guinea, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, this study explains why some refugee-hosting communities launch large-scale attacks on civilian refugees whereas ...others refrain from such attacks even when encouraged to do so by state officials. Ato Kwamena Onoma argues that such outbreaks only happen when states instigate them because of links between a few refugees and opposition groups. Locals embrace these attacks when refugees are settled in areas that privilege residence over indigeneity in the distribution of rights, ensuring that they live autonomously of local elites. The resulting opacity of their lives leads locals to buy into their demonization by the state. Locals do not buy into state denunciation of refugees in areas that privilege indigeneity over residence in the distribution of rights because refugees in such areas are subjugated to locals who come to know them very well. Onoma reorients the study of refugees back to a focus on the disempowered civilian refugees that constitute the majority of refugees even in cases of severe refugee militarization.
Ion chemistry in space Larsson, M; Geppert, W D; Nyman, G
Reports on progress in physics,
06/2012, Letnik:
75, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We review the gas-phase chemistry in extraterrestrial space that is driven by reactions with atomic and molecular ions. Ions are ubiquitous in space and are potentially responsible for the formation ...of increasingly complex interstellar molecules. Until recently, positively charged atoms and molecules were the only ions known in space; however, this situation has changed with the discovery of various molecular anions. This review covers not only the observation, distribution and reactions of ions in space, but also laboratory-based experimental and theoretical methods for studying these ions. Recent results from space-based instruments, such as those on the Cassini-Huygens space mission and the Herschel Space Observatory, are highlighted.
International organizations, policy experts, and nongovernmental organizations promote greater governmental transparency as a crucial reform to enhance accountability and curb corruption. ...Transparency is predicted to deter corruption in part by expanding the possibilities for public or societal accountability, that is, for citizens and citizens associations to monitor, scrutinize, and act to hold public office holders to account. Although the societal accountability mechanism linking transparency and good government is often implied, it builds on a number of assumptions seldom examined empirically. This article unpacks the assumptions of principal‐agent theories of accountability and suggests that the logic of collective action can be used to understand why exposure of egregious and endemic corruption may instead demobilize the demos (i.e., resignation) rather than enhance accountability (i.e., indignation). We explore these theoretical contentions and examine how transparency affects three indicators of indignations versus resignation—institutional trust, political involvement, and political interest—given different levels of corruption. The empirical analyses confirm that an increase in transparency in highly corrupt countries tends to breed resignation rather than indignation.
Post-independent India has witnessed several horrific incidents of communal violence. The largest communal riot happened in the year 1984, in the capital city of New Delhi. But after the occurrence ...of the Anti-Sikh Riots of 1984, there was silence surrounding the incident. The silence was primarily caused by the trauma inflicted from the incident. There are reasons to believe that the silence was politically motivated too. However, the role fictional writings have played in communicating the traumatic memory of the incident was significant. This paper studies the novel Amu written by Shonali Bose to understand the representation of traumatic memory of the community. The paper attempts to problematize the decades-long silence surrounding the incident and the novel's role along with other similar fictional accounts in unravelling the truth of the incident.
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