This study examines the role of institutions in reducing a presumably negative impact of poor environmental quality on health outcomes, using a panel of 45 sub‐Saharan African countries over the ...period, 1996–2016. The empirical estimation is based on the panel quantile regression estimator. The study established inter alia: first, the declining health status occasioned by environmental degradation resulted in low life expectancy, high child mortality and increasing health expenditure. Second, strong institutional settings are needed to reverse the adverse effects of poor environmental quality on health outcomes. Thus, the minimum thresholds of control of corruption, government effectiveness, regulatory quality and overall institutions that restore human age expectancy are −0.37, −0.59, −0.40 and −0.40, respectively. In the same order, 0.08, −0.18, −0.41 and −0.15 are needed for health spending, whereas 0.24 of control of corruption and −0.21 of regulatory quality are needed to minimise child mortality. Third, the net effects of interactions do not align with the hypothesised relationships. Finally, we acknowledged the importance of some auxiliary indicators specific to each measure of health outcomes. On the policy front, setting‐up an innovative and sustainable agenda of green environment and clean growth seems critical to realising improved health conditions.
The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth remains one of the most debated topics in economics literature. Studies in this field have been carried out in developed countries ...since the end of the 1970s, but they have not led to consensus about the relationship other than finding four causality directions: unidirectional in two directions, bidirectional, or neutral. This lack of consensus remains one of the most relevant findings on energy issues. During the 2010s, the scope of the studies on this relationship broadened since, for example, energy demand in Sub-Saharan Africa has outpaced that in the North and the International Energy Agency (i.e., IEA) has forecasted the greatest increase in energy consumption to come from this area. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth began to be studied in Sub-Saharan Africa in the late 1990s, using the same method as for developed countries and with the same lack of consensus on the direction of causality. This paper attempts to clarify this situation through a meta-analysis of fifty articles published since 1996 to 2016. This meta-analysis involves five analytical categories: type of publication, geographical area studied, econometrics method used, energy consumption indicators, and control variables. Each of these dimensions includes many disaggregated variables. Two successive logistic regressions are implemented: (i) the first one, a logit on the causality hypotheses independent from each other, identifies no decisive factors; and (ii) the second one, using multinomial logistic regression as one category of the dependent variable, is chosen as the reference category (namely, “the conservation hypothesis”) and reveals that the analysis is very sensitive to the econometric method implemented and the choice of a panel.
The labor force participation rate for prime-age men (age 25 to 54) has declined dramatically in the United States since the 1960s, but the decline accelerated more recently. In 1996, 4.6 million ...prime-age men did not participate in the labor force. By 2016, this number had risen to 7.1 million. Better understanding these men and the personal situations preventing them from working may be crucial in evaluating whether they are likely to return to the labor force.
This paper reviews the strong pre-crisis economic growth in the new EU member states and assesses whether the growth model can continue to be successful after the crisis. The analysis shows that a ...new growth model for the region will be needed, ideally one that focuses on raising domestic savings, implementing structural reforms to increase potential growth and rebalancing growth towards tradable sectors.
Regression analysis was used to estimate the share of non-economic influences on the level of development of mortgage housing loan markets in the EU and CEE countries in the overall impact of ...economic and non-economic factors.
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