Long Hard Road: The Lithium-Ion Battery and the Electric
Car provides an inside look at the birth of the lithium-ion
battery, from its origins in academic labs around the world to its
transition to ...its new role as the future of automotive power. It
chronicles the piece-by-piece development of the battery, from its
early years when it was met by indifference from industry to its
later emergence in Japan where it served in camcorders, laptops,
and cell phones. The book is the first to provide a glimpse inside
the Japanese corporate culture that turned the lithium-ion
chemistry into a commercial product. It shows the intense race
between two companies, Asahi Chemical and Sony Corporation, to
develop a suitable anode. It also explains, for the first time, why
one Japanese manufacturer had to build its first preproduction
cells in a converted truck garage in Boston, Massachusetts.
Building on that history, Long Hard Road then takes
readers inside the auto industry to show how lithium-ion solved the
problems of earlier battery chemistries and transformed the
electric car into a viable competitor. Starting with the Henry Ford
and Thomas Edison electric car of 1914, it chronicles a long list
of automotive failures, then shows how a small California car
converter called AC Propulsion laid the foundation for a revolution
by packing its car with thousands of tiny lithium-ion cells. The
book then takes readers inside the corporate board rooms of Detroit
to show how mainstream automakers finally decided to adopt
lithium-ion.
Long Hard Road is unique in its telling of the
lithium-ion tale, revealing that the battery chemistry was not the
product of a single inventor, nor the dream of just three Nobel
Prize winners, but rather was the culmination of dozens of
scientific breakthroughs from many inventors whose work was united
to create a product that ultimately changed the world.
This paper deals with the study of the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of 2-axle freight wagons in curves, considering the case of one single wagon (neglecting inter-car coupling forces) and of multiple ...wagons interacting through the buffers and the couplers. A multi-body model of a single wagon and of a three-car assembly is introduced, paying particular attention to the nonlinear and nonsmooth modelling of the suspensions and of the inter-car coupling elements. Using this model, a numerical analysis of the steady-state solution reached after the negotiation of curve transition is presented and bifurcations are identified for some particular values of the curve radius. For the single car case, it is shown that depending on the curve radius and the vehicle speed the carbody may experience severe periodic oscillations at speeds lying in the operating range of the vehicle. For the car-assembly case, it is shown that the coupling forces exchanged by the wagons significantly affect their dynamics in a curve, reducing the amplitude of vibration.
Automobility and the City in Twentieth-Century Britain and Japan is the first book to consider how mass motorization reshaped cities in Japan and Britain during the 20th century. Taking two leading ...‘motor cities’, Nagoya and Birmingham, as their principal subjects, Simon Gunn and Susan C. Townsend show how cars changed the spatial form and individual experience of the modern city and reveal the similarities and differences between Japan and Britain in adapting to the ‘motor age’. The book has three main themes: the place of automobility in post-war urban reconstruction; the emerging conflict between the promise of mobility and personal freedom offered by the car and its consequences for the urban environment (the M/E dilemma); and the extent to which the Anglo-Japanese comparison can throw light on fundamental differences in cultural understanding of the environment, urbanism and the self. The result is the first comparative history of mass automobility and its environmental consequences between East and West.
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•Critical areas identified for Connected & Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) in combating cyber-attacks.•Integrated CAVs communication framework is developed for potential ...cyber-attacks.•Consolidated details of the cyber-attacks on the CAVs in the Intelligent Transport System are presented.•Mitigation strategies for CAVs cyber-attacks along with future directions are discussed.
Modern-day Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) with more than 100 million code lines, running up-to a hundred Electronic Control Units (ECUs) will create and exchange digital information with other vehicles and intelligent transport networks. Consequently, ubiquitous internal and external communication (controls, commands, and data) within all CAV-related nodes is inevitably the gatekeeper for the smooth operation. Therefore, it is a primary vulnerable area for cyber-attacks that entails stringent and efficient measures in the form of "cybersecurity". There is a lack of systematic and comprehensive review of the literature on cyber-attacks on the CAVs, respective mitigation strategies, anticipated readiness, and research directions for the future.
This study aims to analyse, synthesise, and interpret critical areas for the roll-out and progression of CAVs in combating cyber-attacks. Specifically, we described in a structured way a holistic view of potentially critical avenues, which lies at the heart of CAV cybersecurity research. We synthesise their scope with a particular focus on ensuring effective CAVs deployment and reducing the probability of cyber-attack failures. We present the CAVs communication framework in an integrated form, i.e., from In-Vehicle (IV) communication to Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2X) communication with a visual flowchart to provide a transparent picture of all the interfaces for potential cyber-attacks. The vulnerability of CAVs by proximity (or physical) access to cyber-attacks is outlined with future recommendations. There is a detailed description of why the orthodox cybersecurity approaches in Cyber-Physical System (CPS) are not adequate to counter cyber-attacks on the CAVs. Further, we synthesised a table with consolidated details of the cyber-attacks on the CAVs, the respective CAV communication system, its impact, and the corresponding mitigation strategies. It is believed that the literature discussed, and the findings reached in this paper are of great value to CAV researchers, technology developers, and decision-makers in shaping and developing a robust CAV-cybersecurity framework.
The demand for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with long cycle life is growing rapidly due to the increasing use of electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). Meeting this ...demand requires the development of advanced anode materials with improved rate capabilities and cycling stability. Graphite is a widely used anode material for LIBs due to its stable cycling performance and high reversibility. However, the sluggish kinetics and lithium plating on the graphite anode during high-rate charging conditions hinder the development of fast-charging LIBs. In this work, we report on a facile hydrothermal method to achieve three-dimensional (3D) flower-like MoSsub.2 nanosheets grown on the surface of graphite as anode materials with high capacity and high power for LIBs. The composite of artificial graphite decorated with varying amounts of MoSsub.2 nanosheets, denoted as MoSsub.2@AG composites, deliver excellent rate performance and cycling stability. The 20−MoSsub.2@AG composite exhibits high reversible cycle stability (~463 mAh gsup.−1 at 200 mA gsup.−1 after 100 cycles), excellent rate capability, and a stable cycle life at the high current density of 1200 mA gsup.−1 over 300 cycles. We demonstrate that the MoSsub.2-nanosheets-decorated graphite composites synthesized via a simple method have significant potential for the development of fast-charging LIBs with improved rate capabilities and interfacial kinetics.
Regulation has shaped the evolution of the automobile from the beginning. In Moving Violations, Lee Vinsel shows that, contrary to popular opinion, these restrictions have not hindered technological ...change. Rather, by drawing together communities of scientific and technical experts, auto regulations have actually fostered innovation.
Vinsel tracks the history of American auto regulation from the era of horseless carriages and the first, faltering efforts to establish speed limits in cities to recent experiments with self-driving cars. He examines how the government has tried to address car-related problems, from accidents to air pollution, and demonstrates that automotive safety, emissions, and fuel economy have all improved massively over time. Touching on fuel economy standards, the rise of traffic laws, the birth of drivers' education classes, and the science of distraction, he also describes how the government's changing activities have reshaped the automobile and its drivers, as well as the country's entire system of roadways and supporting technologies, including traffic lights and gas pumps.
Moving Violations examines how policymakers, elected officials, consumer advocates, environmentalists, and other interested parties wrestled to control the negative aspects of American car culture while attempting to preserve what they saw as its positive contributions to society. Written in a clear, approachable, and jargon-free voice, Moving Violations will appeal to makers and analysts of policy, historians of science, technology, business, and the environment, and any readers interested in the history of cars and government.
Automotive Steels Radhakanta Rana, Shiv Brat Singh
2016, 2016-12-14
eBook
Automotive Steels: Design, Metallurgy, Processing and Applications explores the design, processing, metallurgy, and applications of automotive steels. While some sheet steels are produced routinely ...in high volume today, there have been significant advances in the use of steel in the automotive industry. This book presents these metallurgical and application aspects in a way that is not available in the current literature. The editors have assembled an international team of experts who discuss recent developments and future prospects for automotive steels, compiling essential reading for both academic and industrial metallurgists, automotive design engineers, and postgraduate students attending courses on the metallurgy of automotive materials. * Presents recent developments on the design, metallurgy, processing, and applications of automotive steels * Discusses automotive steels that are currently in the early stages of research, such as low-density and high modulus steels that are driving future development * Covers traditional steels, advanced high strength steels, elevated Mn steels and ferrous composite materials
China Shifts Gears Gallagher, Kelly Sims
2006, 2006-06-23, 2006-05-19
eBook
Chinese production of automobiles rose from 42,000 cars per year in 1990
to 2.3 million in 2004; the number of passenger vehicles on the road doubled every
two and a half years through the 1990s and ...continues to grow. In China Shifts Gears,
Kelly Sims Gallagher identifies an unprecedented opportunity for China to "shift
gears" and avoid the usual problems associated with the automobile
industry--including urban air pollution caused by tailpipe emissions, greenhouse gas
emissions, and high dependence on oil imports--while spurring economic development.
This transformation will only take place if the Chinese government plays a
leadership role in building domestic technological capacity and pushing foreign
automakers to transfer cleaner and more energy-efficient technologies to China. If
every new car sold in China had the cleanest and most energy-efficient of the
automotive technologies already available, urban air pollution could be minimized,
emissions of climate-altering greenhouse gases would be lower than projected, and
the Chinese auto industry would continue to flourish and contribute to China's
steady economic development. But so far, Gallagher finds, the opportunity to shift
gears has been missed.Gallagher looks in detail at three U.S.-Chinese joint
ventures: Beijing Jeep, Shanghai GM, and Chang'An Ford. These case studies are based
on original research, including interviews with 90 government officials, industry
representatives, and experts in both countries. Drawing from the case studies,
Gallagher explores the larger issues of the environmental and economic effects of
technology transfer in the automobile industry and the policy implications of
"leapfrogging" to more advanced technology.
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