Savage frontier Jusionyte, Ieva
2015., 20150609, 2015, 2015-06-05
eBook
This highly original work of anthropology combines extensive ethnographic fieldwork and investigative journalism to explain how security is understood, experienced, and constructed along the Triple ...Frontera, the border region shared by Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. One of the major "hot borders" in the Western Hemisphere, the Triple Frontera is associated with drug and human trafficking, contraband, money laundering, and terrorism. It's also a place where residents, particularly on the Argentine side, are subjected to increased governmental control and surveillance. How does a scholar tell a story about a place characterized by illicit international trading, rampant violence, and governmental militarization? Jusionyte inventively centered her ethnographic fieldwork on a community of journalists who investigate and report on crime and violence in the region. Through them she learned that a fair amount of petty, small-scale illicit trading goes unreported—a consequence of a community invested in promoting the idea that the border is a secure place that does not warrant militarized attention. The author's work demonstrates that while media is often seen as a powerful tool for spreading a sense of danger and uncertainty, sensationalizing crime and violence, and creating moral panics, journalists can actually do the opposite. Those who selectively report on illegal activities use the news to tell particular types of stories in an attempt to make their communities look and ultimately be more secure.
Big Water explores four centuries of the overlapping histories of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay (the Triple Frontier), and the colonies that preceded them. Examining an important area that includes ...some of the first national parks established in Latin America and one of the world’s largest hydroelectric dams, this transnational approach illustrates how these three nation-states have interacted over time. From the Jesuit reductions in the seventeenth century to the flows of capital and goods accelerated by contemporary trade agreements, the Triple Frontier region has proven fundamental to the development of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay, as well as to the Southern Cone and South America itself. Although historians from each of these three countries have tended to construct narratives that stop at their respective borders, the contributors call for a reinterpretation that goes beyond the material and conceptual boundaries of the Triple Frontier. In offering a transnational approach, Big Water helps transcend nation-centered blind spots and approach new understandings of how space and society have developed throughout Latin America. These essays complicate traditional frontier histories and balance the excessive weight previously given to empires, nations, and territorial expansion. Overcoming stagnant comparisons between national cases, the research explores regional identity beyond border and geopolitical divides. Thus, Big Water focuses on the uniquely overlapping character of the Triple Frontier and emphasizes a perspective usually left at the periphery of national histories.
This research aims to analyze or describe problems based on a literature review regarding the implementation of Pancasila education in preventing the development of acts of radicalism, in Entikong, ...West Kalimantan. The first step in this research is to study data from previous research, then collect primary data from books, journals and websites for data processing. After that, carry out data analysis with analysis stages; data reduction, data presentation (display), and verification or conclusions. Testing the validity of data in qualitative research includes testing internal validity (credibility), external validity (transferability), reliability (dependability), and objectivity (confirmability). The results of the research show that Pancasila is a very important part to study as a form of preventing the entry of radicalism in the world of Indonesian education. A Pancasila Education Implementation Strategy is needed in preventing the development of acts of radicalism in maintaining the integrity of the Indonesian nation with unity and oneness in uniting various kinds of differences, especially in the outermost regions of Indonesia that directly border other countries.
The phenomenon of migration is common in modern times. People move around the world for touristic, financial, educational, social and other reasons. One of the destination countries is Poland, in ...which Ukrainians, the largest contingent of all foreigners, have arrived for a number of years. Currently, the war is in progress in Poland’s neighbouring country. More than 3 million Ukrainian citizens have come to our country in search of temporary or long-term shelter. Considering the increased number of the Ukrainians, Polish people have posed the question as to whether greater delinquency where immigrants are perpetrators will constitute one of the negative outcomes. Accordingly, the decision was made to analyse the phenomenon of the migration of Ukrainians to Poland over the last few decades, as well as their engagement in delinquency, in the context of border criminology. It was also determined to review literature and statistical data concerning the phenomenon discussed. In view of the above, the prediction is made that in the immediate future, the rates in offences committed by these foreigners will increase proportionally to the number of Ukrainian immigrants.
The development of border areas that is rampantly carried out by the government, in addition to reducing regional disparities, also improves regional economic performance as one of the efforts made ...by the government is through PMA (foreign direct investment) and PMDN (domestic investment). Furthermore, the role of this investment is evaluated to see the extent of its success in the area's economic performance. The study had two objectives; first, to know what variables affect the reduction of the poverty rate and increase in GDP per capita in the border area of West Kalimantan covering five districts, namely Sambas, Bengkayang, Sanggau, Sintang, and Kapuas Hulu. The independent variables used in this study are the realization of PMA and PMDN investment, the number of industries, and the absorption of labor in the industrial sector. Using secondary data for 2019-2021 and Panel Data Regression analysis, it can be seen that only employment in the industrial sector influences increasing GDP per capita and decreasing poverty rates. Meanwhile, the realization of PMA and PMDN investment, as well as the number of industries, did not significantly influence. The second objective of this study is to determine which investment is better based on the Forecasting Method. The Naive Method shows that PMDN investments have a smaller MSE value and a lower MAPE value than PMA investments. It means that PMDN investment is more feasible to be used as an option for future funding development in border areas.
The aim of this paper is to present the issue of border traffic of foreigners and their expenses on the Polish maritime border. The study is based on quantitative data on border traffic and expenses ...of foreigners in Poland. The time of the study was 2014–2021. Thus, the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on foreigners’ mobility and spending in Poland was additionally taken into account. For the purpose of this paper, the following study methods were adopted: reference literature analysis, secondary data analysis and comparative analysis. The paper mainly uses data from official statistics and the Border Guard. The study has shown that the Polish maritime border generates the smallest volume of border traffic, however, its share increased during the analysed period from 0.7% in 2014 to 0.8% in 2021. Nevertheless, it is foreigners crossing the maritime border who on average spend in Poland more than twice as much as foreigners crossing the Polish land border. In 2020, they spent the most on non-food goods (40%) and services (34.7%). As the study results reveal, their spending patterns and travel purposes are different from those of foreigners crossing the land border. The potential that foreign visitors bring is significant for the development of border areas in such sectors as tourism, services and trade. The analysis of the motivation of foreigners crossing the sea border makes it possible to shape the regional development policy of this particular area.
The development of national borders is a priority for a country in the interest of sovereignty and prosperity for its citizens. This study examines the development of research that takes the topic of ...developing national borders. The research aims to discover the development of the number of publications and maps of the development of publications over the last ten years on the topic of development in question. This research method uses descriptive bibliometric analysis, with metadata from 982 research publications sourced and processed from Google Scholar. The results showed that in the period 2012-2022, there was an increase in the development of publications, from 20 publications in 2012 (2.04%) to 182 publications in 2020 (18.54%), or an increase of 8 times compared to publications with the same topic in 2012. The development of mapping research publications based on keywords (co-occurrence) identified a description of the network of relationships between conceptions of national border development and related topics grouped into 10 clusters. Development is the main issue discussed in various studies in the last ten years. From the visualization overlay on co-occurrence, the keyword 'Development' is the most discussed topic and highlights the need for strengthening and improvement in managing national borders. This research also obtained several topics still open for researchers to develop, including infrastructure development and loci in border areas, which are interesting for future research topics.Â
Abstract This article analyzes the urbanization and privatization of communal lands (ejidos) in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, via a computer vision model that utilizes Google Street View (GSV) and ...Geographic Information System (GIS) imagery. Our innovative methodology reveals how processes of ejidal urbanization in Mexico’s northern borderlands contributed to the rise of multinational factories (maquiladoras) and geographies of inequality and violence. Past scholarship on the (d)evolution of ejidal land tenure details how periurban ejidal lands throughout Mexico were often sites of impoverishment and a lack of investment, featuring informal settlement and rapid or chaotic urbanization following the country’s 1960 urban turn. Through its use of novel sources and methods, this article demonstrates that the urbanization process in Juárez’s principal periurban ejidos diverged from this classic model in specific ways. By combining conventional historical sources with visual data like GSV and GIS imagery, Juárez’s former and current ejidal landscapes reveal high levels of investment, formal planning, and infrastructure. We argue that Juárez’s distinctive physical, political, and economic geographies shaped the overwhelmingly industrial, private, and invested character of the city’s (former and current) periurban ejidal lands. This process occurred via a globalized modernization regime that forged disparate landscapes of investment and inequality beginning in the 1950s.
Resumen Este artículo analiza la urbanización y privatización de los ejidos de Ciudad Juárez, México, a través de un modelo de visión computarizada que utiliza imágenes derivadas de Google Street View (GSV) y Geographic Information System (GIS). La metodología innovadora de nuestro artículo revela como los procesos únicos de urbanización ejidal en la frontera norte de México contribuyeron al aumento de la industria de maquilas y además a geografías de desigualdad y violencia. Estudios anteriores que se enfocaron en el tema de la descentralización del régimen ejidal han detallado como las tierras ejidales periurbanas fueron frecuentemente sitios de empobrecimiento y falta de inversión, caracterizados por viviendas informales y una urbanización caótica en los años que siguieron al giro urbano del país en 1960. Mediante su uso de fuentes y métodos novedosos, este artículo demuestra que el proceso de urbanización en los ejidos principales periurbanos de Juárez divergió de este modelo clásico académico en maneras específicas. Tras combinar fuentes históricas convencionales con datos visuales como las imágenes de GSV y GIS, los paisajes ejidales pasados y presentes revelan altos niveles de inversión, planeación formal e infraestructura. Argumentamos aquí que las distintas geografías físicas, políticas y económicas de Juárez influyeron en formar el carácter altamente industrial, privado e invertido de las tierras ejidales periurbanas (pasados y presentes) de la ciudad juarense. Este proceso ocurrió a través de un régimen de modernización globalizado el cual forjó paisajes disparos de inversión y desigualdad principiando en los años cincuenta.
•There is a consensus that rapid urbanization and land use change lead to the loss of regional ecosystem services, which makes the ecological environment deteriorate.•Faced with the real ...contradictions of the shrinking ecological land and increasing demand for ecosystem services from social development, the Tumen River region urgently needs to find a developing mode that can effectively improve the sustainable supply of ecosystem services.•We evaluated the 6 ecosystem services by using multiple models such as CASA and USLE and analyzed the trade-offs between them based on setting different scenarios and finally selected the HD scenario as the best one.•The research results can be helpful for the new round of territorial spatial planning and ecological restoration in the Tumen River region.
Land use change affected by rapid urbanization, economic development and political influences. As a crucial factor to ecosystem services (ESs), irrational land use is likely to bring about loss of some ecosystem services (ESs). In the meanwhile, the trade-offs occur among the ESs are also changing. This research aims to coordinate the relationship of ESs for land use planning under different scenarios in Tumen River Region. The essay has been organized in the following way. Initially, we analyzed the impact on 6 ESs in the context of the local land use change. Furthermore, we explored their trade-offs among the ESs and seek to provide theoretical support to planning and management in the Tumen River Region. Here, we used data from 1996 to 2006 and 2006–2016 to examine how the ecosystem services are affected by trade-offs in three different scenarios: Baseline Development (BD), Fast Development (FD), and Harmonious Development (HD) by using CASA and USLE models. Additionally, with the help of integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs (InVEST) model, we assessed 6 ecosystem services not only including Meat production (MP), Net primary production (NPP), Habitat quality (HQ), but Crop production (CP), Soil conservation (SC), Water retention (WR) as well during 1996–2016. Firstly, we demonstrated the numerous trade-offs and/or synergistic interactions between ESs. Then we assessed these ESs at the regional scale based on the 3 scenarios. Finally, we explored the optimal scenario. Results show that (1) it was significant that the dramatic land use change in the study area from 1996 to 2016, especially in cultivated land and forested land;(2) the total ESV in the study area initially decreased and then increased, and showed a gradual improvement trend during 1996–2016;(3) multiple ESs in addition to 2 ESs, containing Habitat Quality (HQ) and Soil Conservation (SC), there are also Water Retention (WR) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) during 1996–2016 showed positive correlations. However, Crop and Meat Production vs Soil Retention was not significantly correlated in the study period;(4) among all scenario simulations, ESs showed the most improvement in the HD scenario, and following closely behind are the BD scenario and the FD scenario. The BD scenario had fewer trade-offs compared with against 2016, and the HD and FD scenarios had more;(5) relative to the catchment area, the HD scenario is the optimal situation. Our findings will provide some references for the construction of land use management and ecological civilization in cross-border area.
El estudio, realizado en el ámbito de una pequeña comunidad escolar en Santa Rosa –en el estado de Paraná al sur de Brasil, en la zona de frontera entre Argentina y Paraguay– se concentra en analizar ...desde un punto de vista sociolingüístico y psicolingüístico, las actitudes lingüísticas locales hacia las cuatro principales lenguas utilizadas en el lugar: portugués, alemán, español y guaraní. Los datos se recolectaron por medio de cuestionarios entre 54 sujetos infantiles, estudiantes del segundo al quinto grado (de entre 7 y 11 años de edad), y parecen revelar ciertos indicios de fracturas en la relación entre los dos principales grupos étnicos del lugar –‘blancos’ (mayoritariamente germanodescendientes) e ‘indígenas’ (guaraníes)– que no resultan evidentes en una observación más superficial de la vida cotidiana local ni en el discurso público de los sujetos adultos al respecto.
