The spectacular concept of integrating OCR with the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), presented in this study, intends to increase the autonomy and social inclusion of ...people with visual impairments and deaf-blindness. This application converts text from photographs into real-time Braille representations by utilizing the capabilities of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology, Braille displays, and IoT. Braille is a tactile form of writing which assists the visually impaired by representing letters and numbers with raised dots. Text recognition and conversion through OCR helps people with vision issues by converting printed text into accessible formats like audio or Braille, assisting people in with recognizing things around them. Individuals with visual impairments are given autonomous access to critical information by smoothly integrating modern technologies, boosting their self-confidence and promoting active social involvement. This OCR-Braille approach's primary objective is to minimize the knowledge gap and promote social equality. Users' ease of access to labels, educational resources, and digital information about their environment fosters a sense of empowerment and independence. This ground-breaking study not only eliminates the accessibility gap but also provides the groundwork for a society that is better linked and accessible. Individuals have access to the tools they need for independently navigating their surroundings through simple IoT connectivity and WSN. This research lays the path for a future for assistive technology to catalyze equality and independence, independent of one's visual ability, by fusing assistive technology and IoT connectivity.
In the digital era, Braille displays enable visually impaired people to easily access information. Different from traditional piezoelectric Braille displays, a novel electromagnetic Braille display ...is realized in this study. The novel display has the advantages of a stable performance, a long service life and a low cost and is based on an innovative layered electromagnetic driving mechanism of Braille dots, which can achieve a dense arrangement of Braille dots and provide a sufficient support force for them. The T-shaped screw compression spring, which causes the Braille dots to fall back instantaneously, is optimized to achieve a high refresh frequency and to enable visually impaired people to read Braille quickly. The experimental results show that under an input voltage of 6 V, the Braille display can work stably and reliably and provide a good fingertip touch; the Braille dot support force is greater than 150 mN, the maximum refresh frequency can reach 50 Hz, and the operating temperature is lower than 32 °C. Therefore, this cost-effective Braille display is expected to benefit a vast number of low-income visually impaired people in developing countries and improve their learning, working and living conditions.
Abstract
Smart glass is a device that is obliging for visually impaired people. It becomes difficult for impaired people to recognize objects in front of them, study, etc. The objective of the work ...is to design and develop a device that is obliging for visually impaired people. Though, there are many approaches to help them, the major disadvantage of some of the products that are currently present in the market is that they are very costly and bulky. Also, some of the proposed systems either perform only object recognition or only help in reading the text. Almost all proposed systems did not help the visually impaired people to write or to have a hardcopy in the form of braille code which then helps them to read offline. To overcome the disadvantages mentioned above the paper discusses various techniques- Seeing mode, which can recognize 550 classes of objects along with object’s position (Left, Right or Centre). Moreover, in the reading mode, it recognizes the text in front of the person which is then read out loud to the user along with creating a copy of the braille script. Further, in the writing mode, speech is converted to a file containing braille codes.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a group of theoretically inspired computer structures for analyzing and modeling clearly going on texts at one or extra degrees of linguistic evaluation to ...acquire human-like language processing for quite a few activities and applications. Hearing and visually impaired people are unable to see entirely or have very low vision, as well as being unable to hear completely or having a hard time hearing. It is difficult to get information since both hearing and vision, which are crucial organs for receiving information, are harmed. Hearing and visually impaired people are considered to have a substantial information deficit, as opposed to people who just have one handicap, such as blindness or deafness. Visually and hearing-impaired people who are unable to communicate with the outside world may experience emotional loneliness, which can lead to stress and, in extreme cases, serious mental illness. As a result, overcoming information handicap is a critical issue for visually and hearing-impaired people who want to live active, independent lives in society. The major objective of this study is to recognize Arabic speech in real time and convert it to Arabic text using Convolutional Neural Network-based algorithms before saving it to an SD card. The Arabic text is then translated into Arabic Braille characters, which are then used to control the Braille pattern via a Braille display with a solenoid drive. The Braille lettering triggered on the finger was deciphered by visually and hearing challenged participants who were proficient in Braille reading. The CNN, in combination with the ReLU model learning parameters, is fine-tuned for optimization, resulting in a model training accuracy of 90%. The tuned parameters model's testing results show that adding the ReLU activation function to the CNN model improves recognition accuracy by 84 % when speaking Arabic digits.
•A new Braille device was developed for blind people.•The device features are readable, vocalized, refreshable and multi-functional.•The usability rate of the device was found to be 97.16%.•Blind ...people can read all magazines with their hands and listen all magazines with this device.
Although visually impaired people are generally considered to be dependent and helpless people, they actually share the same characteristics as other people. Thanks to the Braille alphabet, which has been developed to reduce inequality of opportunity to minimum, their lives become a little bit easier. Besides Braille alphabet, there are many devices and software developed for visually impaired people. In this study, a readable, vocalized and refreshable Braille device, which can ease the lives of visually impaired people, has been developed. The results of the tests on this device with 20 visually-impaired people whose ages ranged between 5 and 15 and who do not know the Braille alphabet indicated the usability rate of this device to be 81.8%. The usability rate of the device was found to be 97.16% in the tests with 30 visually-impaired people whose ages ranged between 10 and 33 and who know the Braille alphabet. The durability test of the device indicated that Braille cells worked with 100% efficiency in the trials from 50 characters to 4000 characters. The device was superior both in terms of features and 35% cheaper compared to the ones available on the market. Besides, it was determined that USB connection transmitted data faster compared to the Bluetooth connection.
This paper presents two methodologies for delivering multimedia content to visually impaired people with the use of a haptic device and braille display. Based on our previous research, the research ...using Kinect v2 and haptic device with 2D+ (RGB frame with depth) data has the limitations of slower operational speed while reconstructing object details. Thus, this study focuses on the development of 2D multiarray braille display using an electronic book translator application because of its accuracy and high speed. This approach provides mobility and uses 2D multiarray braille display to represent media content contour more efficiently. In conclusion, this study achieves the representation of considerably massive text content compared to previous 1D braille displays. Besides, it also represents illustrations and figures to braille displays through quantization and binarization.
Introduction: In the US, hundreds of thousands of individuals with visual disabilities work in occupations that typically entail editing text. Editing technologies for blind or visually impaired ...people have been analyzed by researchers for usability, accessibility, and feasibility. However, a tutorial is needed to provide blind or visually impaired workers with information on how to use these technologies. Key concepts: Technologies that blind or visually impaired individuals can use for editing text present challenges. Such challenges include the lack of usability in word processors' text-editing features, navigational and sense-making issues with screen readers, limited text displayed by refreshable braille displays, and extensive commands needed to operate braille notetakers. Key lessons: The study's blind coauthor (who prefers this terminology) draws on her academic and professional experience to provide procedural information for blind or visually impaired practitioners and students who need to open email attachments, navigate files, select text, navigate the Review tab of Microsoft Word, add comments, and use Nav Quick Keys. Implications for practice: This tutorial indicates that word processors, screen readers, refreshable braille displays, and braille notetakers provide ways for blind or visually impaired practitioners and students to edit text. The tutorial also provides insight into one blind editor's editing process and provides instructions for duplicating this process. This information can increase the awareness of sighted practitioners and teachers who seek to make workplaces more accessible for blind or visually impaired colleagues.
Okuma hatalarının belirlenmesi, hedefe yönelik okuma öğretimi yapılabilmek ve olumsuz okuma deneyimlerinin önüne geçilebilmek için önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu araştırmada görme yetersizliği olan ...öğrencilerin okuma hataları, okuma hatalarının sınıf seviyelerine göre durumu, kullandıkları stratejiler ve braille alfabesinden kaynaklanan hataların neler olduğunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada betimsel model kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya görme engelliler okullarının 2., 3. ve 4. sınıfına devam eden görme yetersizliği olan 15 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; Formal Olmayan Okuma Envanterinde yer alan öyküler, hata analizi formu ve öğrenci bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, görme yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin fazla sayıda ve farklı hata türlerinde okuma hataları yaptığı, sınıf seviyesi yükseldikçe daha fazla hata yaptıkları, ortografik okuma stratejilerinin yanı sıra çoğunlukla alfabetik okuma stratejilerini kullandıkları, kısaltma sisteminden kaynaklı ve harf değişimi hataları yaptıkları görülmüştür.
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