Significant population increase in urban areas is likely to result in a deterioration of drought security and level of service provided by urban water resource systems. One way to cope with this is ...to optimally schedule the expansion of system resources. However, the high capital costs and environmental impacts associated with expanding or building major water infrastructure warrant the investigation of scheduling system operational options such as reservoir operating rules, demand reduction policies, and drought contingency plans, as a way of delaying or avoiding the expansion of water supply infrastructure. Traditionally, minimizing cost has been considered the primary objective in scheduling capacity expansion problems. In this paper, we consider some of the drawbacks of this approach. It is shown that there is no guarantee that the social burden of coping with drought emergencies is shared equitably across planning stages. In addition, it is shown that previous approaches do not adequately exploit the benefits of joint optimization of operational and infrastructure options and do not adequately address the need for the high level of drought security expected for urban systems. To address these shortcomings, a new multiobjective optimization approach to scheduling capacity expansion in an urban water resource system is presented and illustrated in a case study involving the bulk water supply system for Canberra. The results show that the multiobjective approach can address the temporal equity issue of sharing the burden of drought emergencies and that joint optimization of operational and infrastructure options can provide solutions superior to those just involving infrastructure options.
Key Points
A new formulation for the scheduling capacity expansion problem for urban water
Use of multiobjective optimization resolves social equity problems
Demonstrate benefit in jointly optimizing operational and infrastructure options
Wheat is one among the significant crops for humans. Significant fungal illnesses of wheat are brought on by multiple pathogens. Wheat output could be enhanced by the early identification of wheat ...leaf disease. Thus, a novel hyperparameter tanh-based convolutional neural network (HT-CNN)-based wheat leaf disease prediction is proposed with its severity level. Here, initially, the red, green, and blue (RGB) images are converted into a hue saturation value (HSV) image. Next, the small probability space filtering is applied to the V component. Afterward, the contrast of the V component has been enhanced. The obtained HSV image is converted into the RGB image. Then, by employing weighted Canberra distance-based K-means (WCD-K means), the affected and normal regions are segmented. Next, the image is binarized. Afterward, for tracing a boundary around disease-affected region, the hex directional vertex chain code (Hex-D-VCC) is applied over the binarized image, and then the features are extracted. By employing baker’s map-based Harris hawks optimization (BM-HHO), the optimal features are selected. For classifying disease, the selected features are further given into the HT-CNN, and the severity level is calculated to minimize the yield loss. As per the experimental result, the proposed model shows higher accuracy and efficacy when analogized to the other methods.
The γ-radiation emitted by building materials is calculated from the activity indices for 232Th, 226Ra and 40K and expressed as the activity concentration index (ACI). Gamma spectroscopy is a ...non-destructive technique frequently used to simultaneously determine the indices for several radionuclides. Spectral interpretation poses a number of challenges, including identification of γ-lines subject to summing-in effects, interference from other γ-ray emitting radionuclides and the time required to reach secular equilibrium. These challenges are not fully addressed by Canberra Industries’ Genie 2000, the software used by many laboratories to analyse samples. This article describes a Microsoft Excel workbook that exploits Genie 2000 flexibility to program applications with Visual Basic using Canberra's Nuclear Data Access Library and batch procedure tools. The workbook determines 40K activity concentration after correcting for 228Ac interference and 226Ra activity directly from the γ-peak at 186.5 keV. The method proposed was tested by participating in 13 national and international scale inter-comparison exercises. The results were statistically indistinguishable from the reference values at a coverage factor of k = 3 and no statistically significant differences were identified between the respective means by a Student's t pairwise comparison.
•The method developed corrects 228Ac spectral interference in the determination of 40K activity concentration.•The method can be used to determine 226Ra activity from its 186 keV photopeak with no need to wait for secular equilibrium.•Analysts can calculate activities from the CAM file more flexibly, using Genie 2000 in conjunction with Microsoft Excel.
Canberra’s dual status as national capital and local city dramatically affected the rise of a unique contemporary arts scene. This complex story, informed by rich archival material and interviews, ...details the triumph of local arts practice and community over the insistent cultural nation-building of Australia’s capital. It exposes local arts as a vital force in Canberra’s development and uncovers the influence of women in the growth of its visual arts culture. A broad illumination of the city-wide development of arts and culture from the 1920s to 2001 is combined with the story of Bitumen River Gallery and its successor Canberra Contemporary Art Space from 1978 to 2001. This history traces the growth of the arts from a community-led endeavour, through a period of responses to social and cultural needs, and ultimately to a humanising local practice that transcended national and international boundaries.
The Coombs Building at The Australian National University is a Canberra icon. Named after one of Australia’s greatest administrators and public intellectuals—‘Nugget’ Herbert Cole Coombs—for more ...than forty years the building has housed two of the University’s four foundational Schools: the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies and the Research School of Social Sciences. This volume of recollections is about the former. It looks at life in the building through the prism of personal experience and happenstance. Part memoir, part biography, and part celebration, this book is about the people of Coombs, past and present. Through evocative and lucid reflections, present and former denizens of the building share their passions and predilections, quietly savour their accomplishments and recall the failings and foibles of the past with a kindly tolerance.
This paper traces the Australian capital city of Canberra's representation through official, government-sponsored, Australian documentary films made between 1900 and 1945. Through a small sample of ...selected films, that are well preserved and held in the national film archives, we discuss their filmic intention, form, technical production and reception. In these forty plus years which end prior to the advent of technicolour, there was a progression in technical sophistication of the genre from silent to sound, and from newsreel-style reportage of pomp and ceremony towards more informal, aspirational pictures that attempt to conjure how everyday lives could be lived in the fledgling city of Canberra. We suggest that these kinds of films, that might be dismissed as mere propaganda, are useful in adding to our understanding of how documentaries became a tool in the representation and communication of a rapidly shifting national identity, that was advanced concurrently through the planning and building of a new capital city and the evolution of documentary films.
AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effects of plyometric training (PT) on heading jump performance and motion in collegiate soccer players. Seventeen male soccer players belonging to the ...university soccer club were included in the study. The subjects were divided into PT (n = 8) and control (n = 9) groups. The PT group performed PT twice a week for 7 weeks. Before and after the intervention period (pre- and postintervention), vertical jump, heading jump in place, heading jump with a run-up, and rebound jump (RJ) were measured. Jump motions were analyzed using 3D motion analysis. Significant interactions were detected between height of the vertical jump, heading jump in place, heading jump with a run-up, and RJ index (p < 0.05), and these values after the intervention period (post) were significantly higher in the PT group compared with the values before the intervention (pre). The rate of change in the PT group was 10.0% for the height of the heading jump in place and 11.9% for the heading jump with a run-up. Although no significant differences were observed in most jump motion variables, the hip joint flexion angles in the starting phase for vertical jump and heading jump in place were lower after the intervention compared with before the intervention (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that sinking before jumps increased and recoil motion was used. PT improved height of the heading jump in soccer players and may be useful for improving performance during games in soccer games.
Community archaeology can contribute to positive social outcomes for urban Indigenous communities by focusing on the recent history of the modern city. We report on a community archaeology project ...undertaken in Canberra, Australia, which focused on the 1940-50s campsite of one of the authors' Indigenous Ngambri/Ngunnawal family. Project outcomes showed that even despite a lack of material culture, community archaeology has the ability to shift narratives of place in an urban centre to include sites of contemporary significance to local Indigenous people. We consider methodological limitations, the concept of parallel conversations and the possibility that such projects are able to reclaim land in historically marginalized groups' struggles for recognition. We argue that a focus on recent Indigenous history has the potential to be particularly transformative in this regard.
PDF
