Concept naming of flavours is popular among e-liquid manufacturers.1–3 Rather than explicitly stating a taste or smell, these names convey aesthetics or sensations (eg, unicorn, frostbite, ...roadhouse), as well as positive health and lifestyle experiences (eg, relaxed, blissful).4 Concept names are frequently accompanied by colourful packaging and bottle designs that reinforce their connotations.1 2 While concept naming is not novel, its impact on youth appeal, as distinct from the flavours themselves, is understudied.5
Correspondence to Dr William Garner, Life and Health Sciences, University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75241, USA; william.garner@untdallas.edu Al Capone is a brand of cigar products—little ...cigars, cigarillos and large cigars—manufactured and distributed in the USA by the Inter-Continental Cigar.1 2 Burger Sohne, which owns the Al Capone brand, has the stated goal of cultivating ‘smiling consumers, loyal to (its) brands, in every continent.’3 To that end, Inter-Continental Cigar relies heavily on online marketing through social media platforms to advertise, market and promote the Al Capone brand of cigar products to consumers.4–6 A specific example of the Al Capone brand’s use of social media marketing is its paid sponsorship and promotional collaboration with cult-favourite battle rap league, Ultimate Rap League (URL). Historically, these groups have demonstrated disparate rates of tobacco marketing exposure and worst tobacco-related health outcomes.14 Al Capone uses event sponsorship and branded merchandise at live URL battle rap events to engage in product promotion and brand placement. From 2004 to 2016, Al Capone’s brand strategy was led by a former Brown & Williamson employee who spent more than two decades with Brown & Williamson and its predecessor American Tobacco Company.24 Although the US Food and Drug Administration deemed cigarillos to be subject to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act in 2016,25 the regulatory environment for cigarillos has not kept pace.26 Future research is needed to thwart any future remix of ‘Kool Mixx’ and to better understand the effect of cigarillo marketing on the smoking habits of African-American youth, specifically by brands like Al Capone, that leverage social media platforms to target subgenre audiences, like battle rap.
In the current rise of economic crime, forensic accounting is not only a necessity but also an essential tool for maintaining a healthy and stable economic environment. This article aims to analyse ...and highlight the role that forensic accounting plays in fighting against economic crime and protecting the integrity of financial systems. Forensic accounting is acknowledged today as an essential discipline in the financial and legal field. Over the past decades, the practice of forensic accounting has undergone a broad process of globalisation. The diversification of financial crime and cyber-attacks have created a need for continuous adaptation of forensic accounting practices and technologies. "Forensic accounting" refers to a specialized form of accounting that focuses on investigating and documenting financial matters for use in legal proceedings or forensic investigations. This field covers a wide range of activities, including detecting and preventing fraud, assessing damages in civil cases, providing financial expertise in court, and assisting in criminal investigations related to financial matters. Fraud essentially involves the use of deception to dishonestly obtain a personal gain for oneself and/or to create a loss for another. Fraud becomes a crime when it is a "misrepresentation of the truth or concealment of a material fact to induce another to act to his detriment". Every type of fraud is either individual or organizational (external or internal). The main categories of Internal Fraud schemes (occupational fraud) over companies are misappropriation of assets, corruption and fraud in financial statements - Fraud Tree. In Romania, starting from the experience and good practices of the accounting profession in the USA, where Forensic Accounting is even a distinct specialization of accounting experts, which involves specific accreditation procedures and own professional standards, the aim is to create an institutional and functional framework for the development a profession of forensic accountant. Placing the professional independence of accounting experts at the forefront of the public interest, the aim is to create a solid anti-corruption framework that will contribute to increasing economic security.
There is a broad political consensus that states must not facilitate money laundering, especially as relates to the proceeds of foreign grand corruption. Over the past 30 years, an elaborate ...regulatory regime has been put in place in most countries to ensure that proceeds of crime are interdicted and confiscated. It rests on the technically non-binding recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force, an influential intergovernmental grouping. Despite this progress and the adoption of international treaties against corruption and organized crime, international law contains no express treaty rule that enjoins states from facilitating money laundering. Furthermore, there are formidable legal and practical obstacles to invoking international legal responsibility of states that do choose to benefit from enabling money laundering. This article explores the disconnect between international law as it stands and the widely accepted political imperative that states must not facilitate money laundering. It argues in favour of recognizing a self-standing customary rule to that effect, and outlines the content and likely impact of such a rule.
...Charley? "I rose to become a chauffeur to the top bosses, a fixer of horse races, a bagman for millions of dollars of mob money, and an enforcer of racket collections" (p. 2). Crime buffs may ...point to Al Capone's stronghold at the Lexington Hotel on Chicago's South Side, his rival Bugs Moran's headquarters on the North Side, or even the garage on Clark Street where the St. Valentine's Day Massacre went down, but Hager suggests things were more decentralized. ...not far from downtown was Chicago Heights, Hager's own stomping grounds "and a major headquarters for organized crime in South Chicago, controlling all criminal activity as far south as Kankakee and Joliet" (p. 44). ...no matter how big organized crime in Chicago grew, it was careful to cover its tracks. Because of the Mob's fear of phone taps, Hager always got his assignments in person (p. 56) Those assignments might include moving stolen property, strong-arming someone into paying the street tax imposed on merchants (usually 10 percent of the business' gross income), or chauffeuring crime bosses to and from meetings.
Editor's Page
Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998),
10/2019, Letnik:
112, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The talented classical pianist was one of Chicago's busiest cultural entrepreneurs during the Gilded Age. ...the city's wellto-do took genuine pride in the cosmopolitanism that defined Ziegfield's ...approach to music and culture. ...as Riess tells it, the race track operators lost their own bet-they failed to get approval for on-track gambling, and their political connections were of little help in keeping their tracks open permanently. ...as the town of Wheaton suburbanized after World War II, the new affluence its residents enjoyed corresponded with a more conservative approach to racial integration at the heart of the postwar Civil Rights Movement.
All an author needed in 1929 to make a killing in the popular market was a tough Italian gangster, or so it must have seemed to Faulkner, who needed money for his impending marriage. On February 14, ...1929, one month after Faulkner began work on Sanctuary, the media coverage of the St. Valentine's Day Massacre turned Capone into a national celebrity. In one of the many popular books about Capone published between 1929 and 1931, there is a photograph of "The Big Boy" in a white fedora with an accompanying text that could just as well be describing Popeye and explaining the reason for Faulkner's metonymic portrayal of the gangster: "What goes on under his hat, or under the hat of any of his ilk, is a profound mystery as far as this book is concerned" (X Marks 3). According to Joseph Blotner, Faulkner was told about rumors of Pumphrey being impotent yet continuing to have sexual relations with women and that "he had raped one of these women with a particularly bizarre object and kept her in a brothel" (1:492).
The following paper describes a new direction in developing undergraduate forensic accounting education in Indonesia. This paper explores multiple aspects of the development of undergraduate forensic ...accounting education at the Accounting Program of the Islamic University of Indonesia (UII) through a descriptive qualitative approach. The competence-based approach used by the Accounting Program of UII is a recent innovation in undergraduate forensic accounting education in the country. It involves restructuring the curriculum to match the profession's expectations and is implemented in conjunction with a collaboration with the national forensic audit certification body. The program seeks to develop undergraduate students’ theoretical and practical knowledge in forensic audit by integrating a nationally recognized competence certification scheme into the existing curriculum, an approach that other universities in the country have never used.
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