Gacki čakavski govori s područja Otočca slabije su istraživani i dokumentirani. Ovim radom nastoji se ukazati da se i u ovako raritetnim temama mogu pronaći brojne fonološke i morfološke značajke ...govorā. Metoda istraživanja terensko je istraživanje, prije čega je konzultirana sva objavljena dijalektološka građa (npr. Rȋčnik gȁcke čakãvšćine, Kompolje – Narodni život i običaji, Tako se nekada živjelo i radilo u Gackoj i dr.). Za gacku čakavštinu tipično je da blagdani muških svetaca uglavnom nose imena ženskog roda (Jȍsipova, Jũrjeva, Ilȋnja…). Isto je i s nepersonaliziranim blagdanima srednjeg roda (Spȁsova, Tȇlova), gdje se zapravo radi o pridjevima koji su postali imenice (Jȍsipova ili Kižȅva mȁša…). Kod nekih se javlja metateza (Fajbȁnova – Fabijanovo; Lozȃrija – Rozalija, MB od Ružarija). Potvrđen je izostanak fonema /h/ (Dȏva – Duhovi, Mijȍlja − Miholje), a ponegdje se javlja i kontrakcija (Dȏva – Du(h)ova). Mogu se pronaći inače rijetki brojni pridjevi (na Blȁgovisti trȏjega mȇsa). Evidentna je i dosljedna primjena Jakubinski-Meyerova pravila u refleksiji jata (Svićnȉca, Stȉpanja, Tȇlova, Cvetnȉca, Čȉsta srȇda).
U radu se analiziraju jezične značajke dvaju tekstova pisanih glagoljicom koji se odnose na augustinski samostan u Rijeci, sadržanih i u knjizi Istraživanja o riječkome glagoljaškom krugu Darka ...Dekovića. Riječ je o dvama administrativno-pravnim tekstovima prepisanim u 16. st.: Isprave Reimberta III. Walseea iz 1429. i Isprave cara Ferdinanda I. iz 1528. Cilj je rada na temelju usporedne analize jezičnih slojeva navedenih tekstova i podataka prikupljenih za dosadašnjih dijakronijskih i sinkronijskih istraživanja govora Rijeke i okolnih punktova pokušati pobliže atribuirati spomenute tekstove određenomu čakavskomu arealu ili idiomu. Pritom valja uzeti u obzir činjenicu da mnogi tekstovi nastali u 16. st. i kasnije, uz utjecaj nasljeđa hrvatske crkvenoslavenske tradicije, odražavaju književnu stilizaciju i da nisu uvijek pogodni za dijakronijski pristup pojedinomu organskomu idiomu, ali, jednako tako, i da zbog prepoznatljivosti značajki pojedinoga idioma pružaju mogućnost iščitavanja pisarevih odmaka od tadašnje norme. Na temelju takvih osobitosti ipak se može zaključiti o utjecaju sjeveroistočnih istarskih idioma u prigrađu negdašnjega grada Rijeke na korpus istraživanja.
This paper analyses linguistic features of two Glagolitic texts pertaining to the Augustinian Convent in Rijeka, which are contained in Darko Deković’s book Studies on the Glagolitic Circle of Rijeka. These are two administrative-legal texts transcribed in the 16th century: Document of Rambert III Walsee from 1429 and Document of emperor Ferdinand I from 1528. By means of a comparative analysis of linguistic layers of the two texts, as well as data collected from extant diachronic and synchronic research on the speeches of Rijeka and its surroundings, we aim to determine more accurately the connection of these two texts to a particular Chakavian areal or idiom. One must bear in mind, though, that many texts originating from the 16th century and later, alongside the influence of Croatian Old Church Slavonic tradition, maintain a literary stylisation and do not always lend themselves well to the diachronic approach to a particular organic idiom, while at the same time, due to the recognisability of a particular idiom’s features, they make it possible to infer the scribe’s deviations from the norm of the time. Based on such characteristics, it is possible to draw conclusions about the influence of northern Istrian idioms in the suburbs of the former city of Rijeka on the basis of the studied corpus.
The synchronic linguistic situation of the urban idiom in the city of Zadar is a result of several strands of dialectal influence: Neo-Shtokavian dialect spoken in the hinterland, Chakavian ikavian ...(“ikavski”) idiom spoken in the coastal region of Croatia, Central Chakavian ikavian-ekavian (“ikavski-ekavski”) dialect and standard Croatian. Lisac established that the contemporary Zadar idiom consists of a mixture of two Croatian dialects, Chakavian and Shtokavian, each in turn further subdivided into Central Chakavian and South Chakavian, Bosnian-Herzegovinian and East Herzegovinian, respectively.
Due to varied historical circumstances, within these dialects we find a number of loanwords, mostly Turkish in Shtokavian and Romance borrowings in the Chakavian dialect. To this end the paper uses linguistic contact theory, applied in research on dialects, and explores influence in one direction only: it explores the presence of Turkish loanwords in Croatian idiom of Zadar (in its Shtokavian dialectal component) and Romance loanwords in the Zadar idiom (in its Chakavian component) but not the influence of Croatian on either Turkish or Romance languages. Hence the recipient language is Croatian (here specifically its Zadar idiom) while the donor languages are Turkish and Romance languages, mainly Venetian Italian but also standard Italian, and in some cases we are dealing with linguistic relics of Romance Dalmatian language in Croatian. We have selected to analyse Turkish loanwords in the Shtokavian dialect and Romance loanwords in the Chakavian dialect (within the Zadar idiom) because they are the most frequent foreign borrowings in the Zadar idiom, especially Romance elements that pervade the varieties of Croatian spoken in the coastal region (they often remain on a regional level only but some have passed from Chakavian into Croatian standard).
Prispevek obravnava jezik šestnajstih pridig iz leta 1905, ki so nastale v Župniji Črenšovci izpod peresa Jožefa Horvata, takratnega tamkajšnjega kaplana (1905–1912), po izvoru gradiščanskega Hrvata ...iz Velike Narde. Gre za njegove prve pridige, ki jih je pisal oz. skušal pisati v prekmurskem (knjižnem) jeziku, v njih pa se v veliki meri kažejo elementi njegovega maternega jezika, tj. gradiščanske hrvaščine, ki temelji na čakavski hrvaščini, vendar ima tudi štokavske in kajkavske poteze. Jezik je analiziran na glasoslovni, oblikoslovni in besedni ravni, pri čemer se osredinjam na tiste elemente, ki niso skupni prekmurskemu in hrvaškemu jezikovnemu prostoru.
U ovome radu izvršen je detaljan fonološki opis čakavskih kopnenih govora zadarske okolice uz osnovne napomene o morfologiji. Rad se temelji na primjerima dobivenima od izvornih govornika tijekom ...terenskih istraživanja. Za svaku relevantnu pojavu paralelno se navode primjeri iz svih govora, nakon čega slijedi usporedba sa susjednim novoštokavskim govorima. Radu su priloženi i ogledni primjeri nekih od ispitanih govora dobiveni transkripcijom zvučnih zapisa snimljenih na terenu. Na temelju primjerā iznesenih u ovome radu možemo ustvrditi da su fonološke značajke čakavskih kopnenih govora zadarske okolice izvorno čakavske, kao i to da su, zbog višestoljetnih bliskih kontakata s novoštokavskim govorima susjednih naselja, do određene mjere narušene.
In this article, a detailed phonological description of the Chakavian idioms of the Zadar mainland is given. The description includes some principal morphological features as well. The article is based on the examples obtained from the native speakers of the idioms during the field research of the author. In the first two chapters, the historicalgeographic context and the methodology are explained. After this, some general features of the Chakavian idioms of the Zadar mainland are given. The phonological description includes vocalism, consonantism and accentology. Each feature is explained and exemplified for each Chakavian idiom, comparing them to the adjacent Shtokavian idioms. The morphological description includes examples of noun and verb forms. In the conclusion, two main statements are given. Despite the great influence that Shtokavian idioms of the adjacent villages have made to the phonology and the morphology of the Chakavian idioms in question, their Chakavian origin is confirmed by some characteristic archaisms (accentology in the first place). At the end of the article, the examples of some idioms in question are given, which are obtained from the transcription of the spontaneous speech of the native speakers.
In Istro-Romanian, there are two main groups of verbs, one inherited from Romance, one borrowed from the co-territorial Chakavian Croatian variety. The Croatian-derived verbs are specified for ...aspect, while the Romance ones are not. Generally, these groups do not interact. However, for a number of verbs previous scholars have claimed that they form suppletive aspectual pairs consisting of a prefixed Croatian-derived perfective verb and a simplex Romance imperfective. Given the anaspectual status of most Romance verbs such an analysis deserves scrutinous empirical verification. In this paper, we survey a comprehensive corpus of Istro-Romanian spanning from the second half of the 19th century to the 21st century with respect to seven alleged suppletive pairs. After describing their behaviour with respect to Vendlerian verb classes, as well as the semantics of their arguments, we come to the conclusion that we cannot speak of aspectual suppletion in the case of these seven verbs. Rather, some verbs are semantically specialized, so that they cannot conceivably form a pair. Where there is no obvious specialization, the prefixed Croatian verb focuses telicity, while the Romance one does not.
Cilj
je ovog rada popisati riječi kojima se označavaju slastice u fijumanskom idiomu
te odrediti njihovu bližu i daljnju etimologiju. Na taj će se način zabilježiti
trenutno stanje fijumanskog ...leksika na području kulinarstva (u semantičkoj
podskupini slastica) u Rijeci te pokazati koji su kulturni i jezični krugovi
koegzistirali na tome području
The aim of this paper is to list the words used to describe desserts in the Fiuman speech and to specify their proximal (etymologia proxima) and distal (etymologia remota) etymology. In that way the current state of the Fiuman lexis with respect to culinary art (in the semantic subgroup of desserts) in Rijeka will be recorded, and at the same time we will show that the cultural and linguistic circles have coexisted in this area. This research started in 2015 and was continued in 2017 and 2018. The methodology used was based on the excerption of lexical items from extant Fiuman dictionaries (Gottardi 2004; Samani 2007; Pafundi 2011) which then served as the basis for the creation of a questionnaire which was used in field research. Following an interview with native speakers, the collected lexemes underwent an etymological analysis. The underlying rationale for this approach was that the analysis would demonstrate the representation of all historical linguistic layers in the city of Rijeka. Also, by referring to the available Chakavian dictionaries, we wanted to show that the culture of a certain locale in the domain of culinary arts transcends linguistic differences. A total of 25 lexemes were identified and analysed. The resulting material shows presence of Romance, Slavic and Germanic linguistic layers. However, there are no Hungarian elements. The reason for this probably lies in the fact that in the Austro-Hungarian period Vienna had primacy when it came to dessert making, which might explain why there is no mention of Hungarian desserts. Insight into Chakavian dictionaries has established the presence of dessert names in the surrounding speeches of Rijeka, thus confirming the assumption that the domain of culinary arts transcends inguistic differences. On the basis of the analysis of culinary lexical items in the Fiuman speech this article reflects linguistic and cultural contacts in Rijeka and its surroundings and thus contributes to the field of Romance linguistics in general.
U radu se analiziraju tekstovi iz
Vitae Patrum
koji se u
obliku egzempla pojavljuju u glagoljskim
Disipulima
iz 16. st. Istražuje se na
koji su način anegdote monaške tematike prilagođene ...dominikanskoj duhovnosti
unutar koje je nastala latinska zbirka propovijedi
Sermones Discipuli
. Također
se uspoređuje odnos prema monaškim motivima u četirima prijepisima
Disipula
. S
obzirom na to da su u dosadašnjim medievističkim studijama objavljeni uglavnom
izvori predložaka egzempla iz Heroltova
Egzemplara
, istraživanju glagoljskih
Disipula
prethodilo je utvrđivanje predložaka četiriju latinskih egzempla koji
se pojavljuju u dvama Heroltovim propovjednim ciklusima:
sermones de tempore
i
sermones de sanctis
. Otkriveno je kako je riječ o trima egzemplima nastalim
prema anegdotama iz
Verba seniorum
te jednoj anegdoti Ivana Egipatskoga koja je
zapisana u tekstovima
Historia Lausiaca
i
Historia monachorum
. Iz Heroltova
Egzemplara
u Disipule je dospjela jedna anegdota iz Verba seniorum, čija tri
izvora u svojoj raspravi detaljno navodi Hermand (1995). U radu se opisuju književnopovijesne, stilske i jezične
značajke glagoljskih egzempla. Naime, upravo se proučavanjem zbirkā
propovijedi, koje najčešće sadržavaju više kompiliranih monaških anegdota, može
rasvijetliti hrvatski srednjovjekovni korpus
Vitae Patrum
. Cilj je istraživanja
upotpuniti sliku recepcije
Vitae Patrum
u hrvatskoj srednjovjekovnoj književnosti
te pridonijeti poznavanju uporabe jezika u kratkim narativnim tekstovima 16. st.
Na kraju rada prvi se put objavljuje transliteracija svih pet egzempla. Svaki
egzempl donosi se u nekoliko prijepisa (ne u svima), pri čemu su obuhvaćena sva
četiri rukopisa
Disipula
.
In this paper the author analyses texts from the
Vitae
Patrum
that appear in the form of exemplum in the four Glagolitic manuscripts
from the 16th century that are known as
Disipuli
. The first part of the paper
focuses on the analysis of the Dominican’s use of the monastic anecdotes,
especially regarding the Latin sermon collection
Sermones Discipuli
according
to which Croatian translation was created. The relationship towards monastic
themes in four Glagolitic manuscripts is further compared. In the previous medievistic
studies (Hermand 1995) only the sources of the exempla from Herolt’s
Promptuarium
Exemplorum
were identified. The sources of several Latin exempla from two
Herolt’s cycles (
sermones de tempor
e,
sermones de sanctis
) are here determined for
the first time. The research has shown that four exempla were compiled from
Verba seniorum
and one exemplum is borrowed from the anecdote of John Lycopolis
that is written in
Historia Lausiaca
and
Historia monachorum
.
In the second part of the paper, the linguistic and
stylistic characteristics of the exempla are described. The aim of the research
is to expand the knowledge about the reception of the
Vitae Patrum
in the
Croatian medieval literature but also about the corpus of Croatian late
medieval short narratives. Namely, one part of the Croatian medieval corpus of
Vitae
Patrum
could be substantially completed by exploring sermon collections because
they usually contain at least several monastic anecdotes. At the end of the
paper, the transliteration of all five exempla is published for the first time.
Gacki čakavski govori na području Gacke starinački su govori te pripadaju čakavskomu narječju. Klasifikacijom spadaju u ikavsko-ekavski dijalekt, a potom se dijele na dvije grupe poddijalekata - ...rubni i kontinentalni (Kuterevo), a zatim na mjesne govore pojedinih naselja.
Gacka čakavština je, povijesno gledano, ostatak nekadašnje prevladavajuće
čakavštine na prostoru današnje Gacke, Like i Krbave, ali i mnogo šire. Zbog osmanlijskih prodora u srednjemu vijeku to jezično područje je na crti Vrbas – Neretva potiskivano prema zapadu te je došlo do naseljavanja novoga žiteljstva koje je pripadalo štokavskomu
narječju. U suvremenosti je gacka čakavština očuvana u dva areala: na području Otočca i na području Brinja. Ona se oslanja na senjsku, odnosno modruško-ogulinsku čakavštinu i dalje, sve do južnih krajeva Karlovca, odnosno Ozlja.
Gacka čakavština je, kao i svi neštokavski govori, ali i mnogo štokavskih, bila potiskivana u prostoru javne komunikacije. Trebalo je podosta napora da se izvorni govornici osmjele i ohrabre njome čim više koristiti. Katedra Čakavskog sabora pokrajine Gacke je i osnovana s ciljem promidžbe i zaštite ove čakavštine. Sve je to nakon dvadesetogodišnjeg djelovanja Katedre rezultiralo 2018. zaštitom Gacke čakavštine s područja Otočca kao nematerijalne kulturne baštine Republike Hrvatske.
U radu se donose rezultati novih toponomastičkih istraživanja uzmorskoga pojasa
otoka Brača. Terenskim su istraživanjem obuhvaćena sva obalna bračka
naselja, a prikupljeno je 69 toponima koji nisu ...potvrđeni u Šimunovićevoj
Bračkoj toponimiji. Toponimijska se građa analizira motivacijski, tvorbeno i
prema jezičnome podrijetlu riječi kojima su motivirani. Upozorava se na potrebu
izrade toponomastičkih zemljovida te potrebu da se u turističkim zemljovidima
isprave pogrešni toponimski likovi.