Extrachromosomal, circular DNA (ecDNA) is emerging as a prevalent yet less characterized oncogenic alteration in cancer genomes. We leverage ChIA-PET and ChIA-Drop chromatin interaction assays to ...characterize genome-wide ecDNA-mediated chromatin contacts that impact transcriptional programs in cancers. ecDNAs in glioblastoma patient-derived neurosphere and prostate cancer cell cultures are marked by widespread intra-ecDNA and genome-wide chromosomal interactions. ecDNA-chromatin contact foci are characterized by broad and high-level H3K27ac signals converging predominantly on chromosomal genes of increased expression levels. Prostate cancer cells harboring synthetic ecDNA circles composed of characterized enhancers result in the genome-wide activation of chromosomal gene transcription. Deciphering the chromosomal targets of ecDNAs at single-molecule resolution reveals an association with actively expressed oncogenes spatially clustered within ecDNA-directed interaction networks. Our results suggest that ecDNA can function as mobile transcriptional enhancers to promote tumor progression and manifest a potential synthetic aneuploidy mechanism of transcription control in cancer.
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•ecDNAs show intense chromatin connectivity and are in contact with chromosomal DNA•Chromosomal ecDNA contacts are associated with transcriptional activity•Oncogenes are co-localized within the multivalent, aggregated ecDNA-chromatin hubs•ecDNA functions as mobile regulatory elements leading to synthetic aneuploidy
Zhu et al. report the chromatin connectivity networks of circular and extrachromosomal DNA elements (ecDNA) in cancer, revealing that ecDNAs can function as mobile super-enhancers, which drives genome-wide transcriptional amplification, including that of oncogenes. These findings support an expanded role for ecDNA in trans-regulating chromosomal genes in promoting tumor growth.
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Chia seed protein (CPI)-chia seed gum (CSG) complex coacervates were used to encapsulate chia seed oil.The complex coacervate shell provided very high oxidative stability to the ...chia seed oil.Use of complex coacervate as shell materials yielded higher encapsulation efficiency.Core-to-wall ratio of 1:2 yielded >92% encapsulation efficiency and >96% encapsulation yield.Spray-dried microcapsules showed higher oxidative stability than the freeze-dried ones.
Chia seed oil (CSO) microcapsules were produced by using chia seed protein isolate (CPI)-chia seed gum (CSG) complex coacervates aiming to enhance the oxidative stability of CSO. The effect of wall material composition, core-to-wall ratio and method of drying on the microencapsulation efficiency (MEE) and oxidative stability (OS) was studied The microcapsules produced using CPI-CSG complex coacervates as wall material had higher MEE at equivalent payload, lower surface oil and higher OS compared to the microcapsules produced by using CSG and CPI individually. CSO microcapsules produced by using CSG as wall material had lowest MEE (67.3%) and oxidative stability index (OSI=6.6h), whereas CPI-CSG complex coacervate microcapsules had the highest MEE (93.9%) and OSI (12.3h). The MEE and OSI of microcapsules produced by using CPI as wall materials were in between those produced by using CSG and CPI-CSG complex coacervates as wall materials. The CSO microcapsules produced by using CPI-CSG complex coacervate as shell matrix at core-to-wall ratio of 1:2 had 6 times longer storage life compared to that of unencapsulated CSO. The peroxide value of CSO microcapsule produced using CPI-CSG complex coacervate as wall material was <10meq O2/kg oil during 30 days of storage.
•Spatially resolved distribution of lipids and proteins in microcapsules was investigated.•Synchrotron-FTIR (S-FTIR) microspectroscopy was employed for this purpose.•Transmission S-FTIR measurement ...detected lipids distributed inside the microcapsules.•Surface composition was examined using synchrotron macro ATR-FTIR technique.•Complex coacervate microcapsules contained less than 2% surface oil.
In this study, chia seed oil (CSO) microcapsules were produced using three types of shell materials, including chia seed protein (CPI), chia seed gum (CSG) and CPI-CSG complex coacervates. Synchrotron-Fourier transform infrared (S-FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of shell materials on the distribution of CSO both on the surface and in the interior of the solid microcapsules. S-FTIR measurements were carried out in macroscopic attenuated total reflection (macro ATR) and transmission modes, to determine the surface lipid and the encapsulated lipid fractions, respectively. The amounts of lipid and protein distributed on the surface and in the interior of the microcapsules were compared based on the average spectra extracted from S-FTIR chemical images obtained from each type of the microcapsules. The unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) to total oil ratios in all the three types of the microcapsules were closely similar to the original non-processed CSO, suggesting an effective encapsulation and thereby shielding protection of UFAs from oxidative damage during microencapsulation process. The type of the shell materials was found to affect the distribution of CSO on the surface and within the microcapsules. The complex coacervation based microcapsules had a significantly lower oil content (∼2% w/w) on the surface compared to those observed for the other two types of microcapsules (>5%, w/w).
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•Novel composites of polylactide acid (PLA) based on chia seed flour (CSF) have been manufactured to contribute to circular economy.•Epoxidized and maleinized chia seed oil have been ...employed as environmentally friend plasticizer/compatibilizer.•The ductile properties are highly improved in composites with epoxidized and maleinized chia seed oil due to its plasticizing effect.•The interfacial adhesion between CSF filler and PLA matrix is enhanced using all compatibilizers.•Compatibilized PLA/CSF composites are fully disintegrated under compost conditions.
Novel compatibilizers and plasticizers derived from epoxidized chia seed oil (ECO) and maleinized chia seed oil (MCO) have been applied in composites based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and 15 wt% chia seed flour (CSF). Results obtained have been compared to conventional silane coupling agent, (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPS), and a petroleum-based compatibilizer, poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) copolymer (Xibond, ®). The compatibilization effect of green composites were assessed by FTIR. The addition of all four compatibilizers improved the ductile mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. The morphology analysis revealed an improvement of interfacial adhesion of the CSF particles into the PLA matrix. In particular, ECO and MCO composites showed a roughness with long filaments in their morphology which plays a crucial role in improving the ductile properties highly. The elongation at break was 10 and 8 times higher using ECO and MCO, respectively, compared to uncompatibilized composite. Moreover, the composites manufactured showed low values (<9%) in the water uptake assay and a negligible compostability delay. The use of novel compatibilizers based on modified vegetable oils could mean an interesting proposal to obtain an entirely environmentally friendly composite with a remarkable ductile property.
In this research work, we report for the first time the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), using two varieties of a natural extract of dark (D) or white (Wh) Salvia hispanica L. seeds, ...commonly named chia (Ch), as a reducing-stabilizing agent. Similarly, it was carried out a study on the effect of the variation of different physicochemical parameters, like aging time and storage temperature of the natural extract of dark Ch seeds, in the morphology, size and polydispersity of the prepared AgNPs. We found that the ideal conditions to do the green synthesis of AgNPs, are to use the Ch extract one day after it have been prepared and stored at 5 °C (1D C). The AgNPs were characterized by UV–Vis, FT-IR, FE-SEM-EDS and TEM. The TEM images of the synthesized AgNPs showed spherical morphology with an average nanoparticle size of 7 nm, at optimum conditions (AgNPs/D Ch (1D C)). Additionally, we studied the antimicrobial activity of the green synthesized AgNPs with both types of Ch seeds, against bacteria gram-positive and gram-negative, using as the bacterial model E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. We determined that the synthesized AgNPs/D Ch have more antimicrobial activity against both bacteria, in comparation with AgNPs/W Ch (ZOI against E. coli, 18.5 mm; S. aureus, 14.9 mm).
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•We report a green chemistry method for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesis with Salvia hispanica seed aqueous extract.•We study the effect of the type of Salvia hispanica seed on the silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesis.•The silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) characterization were done by Uv-vis, SEM-EDS, and TEM.•The nanoparticles obtained are spherical in shape and between 1 and 27 nm in size.
In this work novel thermosetting resins with high bio‐based content have been developed derived from chia seed oil (CO). Epoxidized chia seed oil (ECO) was used as bio‐based epoxy matrix with ...different mixtures of crosslinker agents, that is, methyl nadic anhydride (MNA) as petroleum‐derived and maleinized chia seed oil (MCO) as bio‐based crosslinker. The chemically modified oils from CO, that is, ECO and MCO, and MNA were analyzed by titration and FT‐IR. Additional 1H NMR analysis was performed to characterize MCO structure. Two different behaviors were observed using the mixtures of crosslinkers. On one hand, MNA increases the rigidity with bio‐based content of 54.2%. On the other hand, the addition of MCO provides higher ductility with bio‐based content up to 98%. The same trend was observed by DMTA analysis. The novel cured resins were successfully crosslinked as demonstrated by the mechanical properties, FT‐IR analyses, and gel content. Based on the results, it is concluded that MCO presents higher reactivity than MNA, decreasing curing time with possible energy saving at industrial level. In general, the results showed that adding the appropriate amount of MCO, green thermosetting resins with the desired thermal and mechanical properties can be manufactured with high bio‐based content.
Development of novel thermosetting resins with high bio‐based content derived from chia seed oil
Chia seed protein isolate (CPI) and chia seed gum (CSG) were extracted and complex coacervation between these two was studied. The pH and the CPI-to-CSG ratio were optimized to obtain the highest ...yield of complex coacervates underpinned by zeta potential and turbidity values. CPI–CSG complex coacervates were found to form primarily due to electrostatic interaction and remained stable within a pH range of 2.1–2.9 at ambient temperature. The optimum pH and CPI-to-CSG ratio for complex coacervation was found to be 2.7 and 6:1, respectively. Spray dried complex coacervate particles possessed smoother surface morphology compared to the freeze dried ones. CPI–CSG complex coacervates demonstrated better thermal stability as compared to that of individual CPI and CSG. The crosslinking of these complex coacervates by transglutaminase further improved their thermal stability. Therefore, the crosslinked CPI–CSG complex coacervates will be able to better protect the oxygen and heat sensitive food and pharmaceutical ingredients.
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•Chia seed protein (CPI)-chia seed gum (CSG) complex coacervates were prepared and characterized.•Optimal pH and optimal CPI-to-CSG ratio were found be 2.7 and 6:1, respectively at ambient temperature.•Complex coacervation between CPI and CSG was primarily due to electrostatic interaction.•CPI–CSG complex coacervates were more thermally stable than individual CPI and CSG.•Transglutaminase crosslinked CPI–CSG complex coacervates were more thermally stable than uncrosslinked ones.
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