This research particularly aims to investigate how the individual differences in gender, age, and internet experience influence citizens' trust in e-government's adoption. The findings of the study ...revealed that females are confident and have a more positive evaluation of online services compared to males. Interestingly, this study found that old people display greater trust in e-government as compared to the levels of trust reported by younger people. The results also show that internet experience influences citizens' trust positively.
Cities are complex systems connected to economic, ecological, and demographic conditions and change. They are also characterized by diverging perceptions and interests of citizens and stakeholders. ...Thus, in the arena of urban planning, we are in need of approaches that are able to cope not only with urban complexity but also allow for participatory and collaborative processes to empower citizens. This to create democratic cities. Connected to the field of smart cities and citizens, we present in this paper, the prototype of an urban digital twin for the 30,000-people town of Herrenberg in Germany. Urban digital twins are sophisticated data models allowing for collaborative processes. The herein presented prototype comprises (1) a 3D model of the built environment, (2) a street network model using the theory and method of space syntax, (3) an urban mobility simulation, (4) a wind flow simulation, and (5) a number of empirical quantitative and qualitative data using volunteered geographic information (VGI). In addition, the urban digital twin was implemented in a visualization platform for virtual reality and was presented to the general public during diverse public participatory processes, as well as in the framework of the “Morgenstadt Werkstatt” (Tomorrow’s Cities Workshop). The results of a survey indicated that this method and technology could significantly aid in participatory and collaborative processes. Further understanding of how urban digital twins support urban planners, urban designers, and the general public as a collaboration and communication tool and for decision support allows us to be more intentional when creating smart cities and sustainable cities with the help of digital twins. We conclude the paper with a discussion of the presented results and further research directions.
Prior public administration research emphasises the importance of environmental protection and sustainability, but most studies have focused on governmental actions and public employees' ...pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs). Little is known about why and how citizens perform PEBs in their public or private spheres. To fill the research gap, we draw from related literature and develop a conceptual model explaining how citizens' perceptions of public values, government, and the environment impact citizens' PEBs in public and private spheres. By analysing a Taiwan Social Change Survey data,we find that the willingness to sacrifice for the environment shows a significant mediating effect on the relationships between citizens' PEBs and most public values, government, and environmental determinants. The results also demonstrate how citizens' PEBs in the public sphere differ from those in the private sphere. Implications for theory and practice are addressed.
Citizen trust in government at the macro level has been studied by public administration scholars for many years. To further our understanding, assessing trust at the meso level of government ...organizations is important to more precisely determine effects and antecedents of trust at the organizational level. The organizational trust literature has shown that organizational trustworthiness is multidimensional, but the extant literature has not validated such measures in a public administration context. The proposed scale builds on and adapts an existing organizational trust scale to a public administration context. The ‘Citizen Trust in Government Organizations’ scale is validated using data from two different samples (total n = 991), resulting in a scale of nine items measuring three dimensions: perceived competence, benevolence, and integrity. This scale can be used by other researchers and is valuable to gain a more specific and multi-dimensional understanding of trust in government organizations.
Points for practitioners
A major problem for government organizations worldwide is the lack of perceived trustworthiness by the public. To tackle this problem, a way to measure it is needed, but at the moment there are only generic measures to assert perceived trustworthiness in a government organization. This article presents a first validation and incorporates three dimensions: perceived competence, benevolence, and honesty. Practitioners can use this scale and adapt to their relevant local context to identify specific trustworthiness problems.
Following publication of this article on 26 January 2020 (Journal of Threatened Taxa 12(1): 15091–15105), the authors were able to re-examine all of the collected photographs with Sara Blackburn, a ...expert in lion identification. A corrected section on Identification of individual lions is reproduced below; no other parts of the article require correction.
The smart city as a “digital turn” in critical urban geography has gone largely unnoticed in postcolonial urbanism. This paper seeks to address this gap by examining the emergence of new forms of ...postcolonial citizenship at the intersection of digital and urban publics. In particular, I investigate the production of a “smart citizen” in India's 100 smart cities challenge – a state‐run inter‐urban competition that seeks to transform 100 existing cities through ICT‐driven urbanism. By examining the publicly available documents and online citizen consultations as well as observations of stakeholder workshops in four of the proposed smart cities, I illustrate how a global technocratic imaginary of “smart citizenship” exists alongside its vernacular translation of a “chatur citizen” – a politically engaged citizen rooted in multiple publics and spatialities. This takes place through three key processes – enumerations, performances and breaches. Enumerations are coercions by the state of an urban population that has so far been largely hidden from analogue technologies of governance and governmentality. Articulations are the performances of smart citizenship across digital and material domains that ironically extend historic social inequalities from the urban to the digital realm. Finally, breaches are the ruptures of the impenetrable technocratic walls around the global smart city, which provides a window into alternative and possible futures of postcolonial citizenship in India. Through these three processes, I argue that subaltern citizenship in the postcolony exists not in opposition, but across urban and digital citizenships. I conclude by offering the potential of a future postcolonial citizen who opens up entangled performances of compliance and connivance, authority and insecurity, visibility and indiscernibility across political, social, urban and digital publics.
Moral Authoritarianism offers a new perspective on the three
modern Korean states-the Japanese colonial state, South Korea, and
North Korea-by studying neighborhood associations during the four
war ...decades (1930s-1960s). The existing historiography perceives
the three states in relation to imperialism and to the Cold War,
thus emphasizing their differences by political changes. By
shifting the focus from national policy to local society, this book
instead reveals their deep similarities. Neighborhood associations
dated back to the premodern Chosŏn period (1392-1910), when they
were used to assist local governance. They faded in significance
until the colonial government established "patriotic neighborhood
associations" in 1938 for its war against China. Through analysis
of government documents from the three Koreas and additional
sources that include diaries, leaflets, newspapers, and even
fiction, Moral Authoritarianism explores neighborhood associations
as a site of negotiation between families, local society, and the
central government; exposing the moral authoritarian structure
present in all three Koreas. Colonial neighborhood associations,
tasked with the national mobilization of local Koreans, advanced
programs of mass enlightenment that privileged state interests over
individual rights, in the process blurring the line between
morality and state authority and superimposing patriarchal familial
dynamics on societal relations. Despite their different ideological
orientations, the neighborhood associations of two postliberation
Koreas shared the same enlightenment mission with their earlier
forms, and this commonality is critical to understanding the
authoritarian direction taken by South and North Korea. The
neighborhood association entrusted each state with promoting
community-based morality and spirit of voluntarism as an
alternative to amoral laissez-faire capitalism and the individual
right-based West. Consequently, the state retained its supremacy
over the populace at the most basic level of community
organization, and Koreans were encouraged to respond to state
calls, culminating into two authoritarianisms of the 1970s-Korean
style democracy and "our own style" socialism.
The existing literature on citizen–state interactions lacks variation, and new research must be conducted to better understand the consequences of such interactions. Using the theoretical frame of ...cop wisdom, defined as strategies that citizens change or adapt based on the circumstances of their previous interactions with police, interactions between individuals and police officers are interrogated utilizing the 2015 Police-Public Contact Survey. The existence of cop wisdom within these encounters is demonstrated, along with findings that consider the impact of race, class, and citizenship on aggressive behavior in police–citizen encounters.
Through processes of co-production, citizens collaborate with public service agents in the provision of public services. Despite the research attention given to co-production, some major gaps in our ...knowledge remain. One of these concerns the question why citizens engage in processes of co-production of public services. In this article, a theoretical model is built that brings the human factor into the study of co-production. The model explains citizens’ engagement in co-production referring to citizens’ perceptions of the co-production task and of their competency to contribute to the public service delivery process, citizens’ individual characteristics, and their self-interested and community-focused motivations. Empirical evidence from four co-production cases in the Netherlands and Belgium is used to demonstrate the model’s usefulness. The academic and practical relevance of the findings and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Points for practitioners
Governments seek ways to engage a broad range of citizens, especially as only a limited number of citizens respond to government’s initiatives to involve citizens. Insights about citizens’ engagement are tested in four cases: Client councils in health care organizations for elderly persons and in organizations for disabled people, representative advisory councils at primary schools, and neighborhood watches. Practitioners can learn more about what drives citizens to engage in co-production. This enables them to improve their methods of participant recruitment.
Digitisation is arguably an inevitable feature of contemporary urban development, yet privacy issues arising from the mass data collection, transmission and processing it entails continue to be a ...poorly understood and contentious issue for people living in cities. This article uses a case study approach to provide new evidence of the detailed perspectives of citizens and policy makers on data privacy in rapidly digitising urban environments, with a focus on one of the UK’s most prominent smart cities: Manchester. It adds to the literature on smart cities through the application of complementary scholarship from two areas – trust and participation – in order to analyse comparatively citizens’ views and concerns on data gathering activity in their city with efforts of policy makers to incorporate data privacy matters in their digital city planning. The article finds a clear – but reparable – data privacy disconnect between people and digital policy makers and explores how citizen data privacy concerns may be addressed through a lens of trust and participation.
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