Objective The purpose of this study is to understand how the official policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of fixed internet bandwidth has changed from limited to free development. ...Along with this goal, creating a policy insight in cyberspace policy field, learning lessons for policy makers and decision makers from this policy process and creating recognition about existing coalitions in the field of cyberspace is also pursued. Policy process theories seek to explain how policies are formed and changed. This study seeks to explain the process of policy change in the fixed Internet bandwidth subsystem by applying the Advocacy Coalition framework (ACF) and the role of different coalitions in this change. Broadband policies, as one of the most important policies in the field of technical-infrastructure of cyberspace, have undergone a serious change since two decades ago. To this end, the following questions must be answered: 1.What coalitions have been formed by the actors for changing fixed internet bandwith policy subsystem? 2. What beliefs have existed among the actors of this policy subsystem? 3. What conditions and events have been effective in changing the Iran's fixed internet bandwith policy? Methods This study was conducted using a case study strategy and focusing on existing documents on bandwidth policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Documentary study method was used to review the documents and focus group mechanism was used to validate the findings. For this purpose, 15 important documents in this field have been analyzed and 8 macro and sub-trends have been extracted using the logic of qualitative methods. Results The findings indicate that in the competition between the two coalitions of limited development and free development bandwidth, the most important factors in changing policies are: changing the country's governance system and the increasing development of technologies and, consequently, social pressure to shape this development. According to the history, review of documents, decisions, and obvious positions of different actors, we can generally identify two competing coalitions in the field of internet bandwidth in the Islamic Republic of Iran: 1. Limited Development Coalition, which accept network and bandwidth development only in the form of a national information network and considers development to be dependent on the production of appropriate and local content. In fact, the policy that they pursue is limited bandwidth development and is quoted in the rules and regulations. 2. The Free Bandwidth Development Coalition which considers bandwidth in general and without any serious distinction between being domestic or international, and According to its ideological foundations, unlike the previous coalition, it does not show any resistance against being influenced by foreign culture and the blurring of national borders in cyberspace. They consider this development to be an unconditional right of the citizens. Conclusion Learning from this process that took place in two decades and considering the current situation in Iran and the world is: 1-the change in some secondary beliefs and 2-the formation of a third coalition that pursues technology-oriented governance. Given the importance of platforms in today's world, the axis and index of development or non-development of bandwidth in the country should be focus on platforms and maintaining the power of governance to regulate and rule through them, not the restriction or lack of growth in quality and access.
The purpose of this research is to find out whether social media, e-marketplace and e-commerce have a significant influence on digital technology in Pontianak City. The development of digital ...technology in information and communication has a relationship with society, information and communication technology as a tool that can be used to study social phenomena that cover broad fields such as trade applications, community services and so on. This research is located in Pontianak City with 105 respondents of MSME actors. Data analysis using SPSS 24 software. The results of this study found that social media has a significant role in digital technology, meanwhile e-marketplace and e-commerce do not have a significant effect.
The role of informal networks in the development of regional clusters has recently received a lot of attention in the literature. Informal contact between employees in different firms is claimed to ...be one of the main carriers of knowledge between firms in a cluster. This paper examines empirically the role of informal contacts in a specific cluster. In a questionnaire survey, we asked a sample of engineers in a regional cluster of wireless communication firms in Northern Denmark a series of questions on informal networks. We analyze whether the engineers actually acquire valuable knowledge through these networks. We find that the engineers do share even quite valuable knowledge with informal contacts. This shows that informal contacts represent an important channel of knowledge diffusion.
•Classification of available technologies for SWM system in four core category.•Organization of technology based SWM systems in three main groups.•Summary of SWM systems with target application, ...methodology and functional domain.•Issues and challenges are highlighted for further design of a sustainable system.
In the backdrop of prompt advancement, information and communication technology (ICT) has become an inevitable part to plan and design of modern solid waste management (SWM) systems. This study presents a critical review of the existing ICTs and their usage in SWM systems to unfold the issues and challenges towards using integrated technologies based system. To plan, monitor, collect and manage solid waste, the ICTs are divided into four categories such as spatial technologies, identification technologies, data acquisition technologies and data communication technologies. The ICT based SWM systems classified in this paper are based on the first three technologies while the forth one is employed by almost every systems. This review may guide the reader about the basics of available ICTs and their application in SWM to facilitate the search for planning and design of a sustainable new system.
Information and communication technology (ICT) has made remarkable progress in recent years and is being increasingly applied to medical research. This technology has the potential to facilitate the ...active involvement of research participants. Digital platforms that enable participants to be involved in the research process are called participant-centric initiatives (PCIs). Several PCIs have been reported in the literature, but no scoping reviews have been carried out. Moreover, detailed methods and features to aid in developing a clear definition of PCIs have not been sufficiently elucidated to date.
The objective of this scoping review is to describe the recent trends in, and features of, PCIs across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan.
We applied a methodology suggested by Levac et al to conduct this scoping review. We searched electronic databases-MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), PsycINFO, and Ichushi-Web-and sources of grey literature, as well as internet search engines-Google and Bing. We hand-searched through key journals and reference lists of the relevant articles. Medical research using ICT was eligible for inclusion if there was a description of the active involvement of the participants.
Ultimately, 21 PCIs were identified that have implemented practical methods and modes of various communication activities, such as patient forums and use of social media, in the field of medical research. Various methods of decision making that enable participants to become involved in setting the agenda were also evident.
This scoping review is the first study to analyze the detailed features of PCIs and how they are being implemented. By clarifying the modes and methods of various forms of communication and decision making with patients, this review contributes to a better understanding of patient-centric involvement, which can be facilitated by PCIs.
RR2-10.2196/resprot.7407.
This paper tests the structure and the predictors of two psychological experiences of technostress associated with the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), i.e., technostrain ...(users report feelings of anxiety, fatigue, scepticism and inefficacy beliefs related to the use of technologies) and technoaddiction (users feel bad due to an excessive and compulsive use of these technologies). The study included a sample of 1072 ICT users (N = 675 nonintensive ICT users and N = 397 intensive ICT users). Results from multigroup confirmatory factor analyses among non‐intensive and intensive ICT users showed, as expected, the four‐factor structure of technostrain in both samples. Secondly, and also as expected, confirmatory factorial analyses revealed that technostress experiences are characterized not only by technostrain but also by an excessive and compulsive use of ICT. Moreover, multiple analyses of variance showed significant differences between non‐intensive and intensive ICT users (1) in the dimensions of technostress and (2) in specific job demands and job/personal resources. Finally, linear multiple regression analyses revealed that technostrain is positively predicted by work overload, role ambiguity, emotional overload, mobbing and obstacles hindering ICT use, as well as by lack of autonomy, transformational leadership, social support, ICT use facilitators and mental competences. Work overload, role ambiguity and mobbing, as well as the lack of emotional competences, positively predict technoaddiction. Theoretical and practical implications, in addition to future research, are discussed.
Cet article porte sur la structure et les facteurs prédictifs de deux expériences psychologiques de technostress associées à l'utilisation des Technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC), c'est‐à‐dire la technotension (les utilisateurs rapportent des sentiments d'anxiété, de fatigue, de scepticisme et de croyance d'inefficacité reliés à l'utilisation des technologies) et la technodépendance (les utilisateurs ressentent un malaise causé par une utilisation excessive et compulsive des technologies). L’étude a été réalisée auprès d'un échantillon de 1072 utilisateurs de TIC (675 utilisateurs non intensifs et 397 utilisateurs intensifs). Les résultats d'analyses factorielles confirmatoires multigroupes ont soulevé une structure à quatre facteurs pour la technotension pour chacun des deux groupes, tel qu'attendu. Deuxièmement, également conformément à nos attentes, les analyses factorielles confirmatoires ont révélé que les expériences de technostress ne sont pas seulement caractérisées par la technotension, mais aussi par une utilisation excessive et compulsive des TIC. De plus, les analyses de variance multiples ont montré des différences significatives entre les utilisateurs non intensifs et les utilisateurs intensifs des TIC (1) pour les dimensions de technostress et (2) pour les exigences spécifiques de l'emploi et pour les ressources au travail ou personnelles. Finalement, des analyses de régression linéaire multiple ont révélé que la technotension est positivement prédite par la surcharge de travail, l'ambigüité du rôle, la surcharge émotionnelle, le mobbing et les obstacles entravant l'utilisation des TIC, tout comme par le manque d'autonomie, de leadership transformationnel, de soutien social, de facilitateurs dans l'utilisation des TIC et de compétences mentales. La surcharge de travail, l'ambigüité du rôle et le mobbing, tout comme le manque de compétences émotionnelles prédisent positivement la technodépendance. Les implications théoriques et pratiques, ainsi que les avenues de recherche future, sont discutées.
Este trabajo pone a prueba la estructura y los predictores de dos experiencias psicológicas de tecnoestrés asociadas con el uso de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), es decir, la tecnostrain (los usuarios registran sentimientos de ansiedad, fatiga, escepticismo e ineficacia relacionadas con el uso de las tecnologías) y tecnoadicción (los usuarios se sienten mal debido a un uso excesivo y compulsivo de estas tecnologías). El estudio utilizó una muestra de 1072 usuarios de TIC (N = 675 usuarios no intensivos de TIC; y N = 397 usuarios intensivos de TIC). Los resultados de los análisis factoriales confirmatorios multigrupo entre los usuarios no intensivos e intensivos de TIC mostraron, como se esperaba, la estructura de cuatro factores de tecnostrain en ambas muestras. En segundo lugar, y también como se esperaba, el análisis factorial confirmatorio reveló que las experiencias de tecnoestrés no sólo se caracterizan por el tecnostrain sino también por un uso excesivo y compulsivo de las TIC. Por otra parte, los análisis de varianza múltiple muestran diferencias significativas entre los usuarios no intensivos e intensivos de las TIC (1) en las dimensiones de tecnoestrés y (2) en las demandas específicas del trabajo y los recursos laborales/personales. Por último, los análisis de regresión lineal múltiple revelaron que el tecnostrain es predicho positivamente por la sobrecarga de trabajo, la ambigüedad de rol, sobrecarga emocional, mobbing y obstáculos que impiden el uso de TIC, así como por la falta de autonomía, liderazgo transformacional, apoyo social, facilitadores del uso de TIC y competencias mentales. La sobrecarga de trabajo, ambigüedad del rol y mobbing, así como la falta de competencias emocionales predicen positivamente la tecnoadicción. También se discuten en este estudio las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas, además de futuras líneas de investigación.
The widespread acknowledgment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a fundamental component of educational strategies is a key context for understanding the findings of our study, ...which focused on the use of technology by educators in higher education, particularly in the health professions domain. This study examines technology usage patterns and factors influencing active implementation of technology among health professions educators. A cross-sectional survey involving 202 educators from six institutions in Morocco reveals their high confidence in their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), notably in Pedagogical and Content domains. The study highlights a prevalence of passive digital learning activities over active approaches. Educators actively employing technology display enhanced TPACK, emphasizing the significance of TPACK development for effective technology integration in teaching practices. Among those with a good level of active technology use, a majority (102 out of 119) have a high TPACK level, and 54 out of 83 of those categorised as low-level participants have a low TPACK level. The findings contribute valuable insights with both theoretical and practical implications for educators in the health professions, emphasizing the significance of aligning technology use with effective instructional practices in this specialized field. Further research should be pursued with diverse methodological approaches to gain a deeper comprehension of the technology integration process in the health profession domain.
These stages in Terry's management function are known as Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling (POAC). To measure the success of the use of information and communication technology in the ...learning space, an evaluation of the management stages that are carried out is needed. Stufflebeam's Model or CIPP Model is an evaluation model that can be used to evaluate the extent to which an educational program can achieve its goals. Madrasah Aliyah (MA) Al-Musthofa is one of the madrasas that used information and communication technology in the learning room. The management stages become a reference for Madrasah aliyah Al-Musthofa in the use of information and communication technology in the learning room. This research with a descriptive qualitative approach provides an evaluation description that the management function has been carried out well by Madrasah Aliyah Al-Musthofa but there are still various shortcomings and weaknesses both in terms of human resources and other resources. These shortcomings and weaknesses have an impact on not achieving the objectives of the use of information and communication technology in the learning space at Madrasah aliyah al-Musthofa.
The current computer graphics and image design is not only limited to the performance of images, more attention to visual communication, enhance the performance of images and visual communication ...effect. With the development and application of intelligent technology, the application of visual communication technology in computer graphic design will improve the aesthetic feeling of design works, at the same time, continue to enhance the ability of design appreciation and perception. By analyzing the overview of computer graphics and image design and Visual communication definition, and combining the relevant design elements, the paper analyzes the method of computer graphics and image design based on visual communication technology.
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