Collective monograph contains the results of scientific research devoted to the search for effective scientific and applied solutions for the operation of logistics systems. The problems posed are ...considered through the prism of technological and economic views, which contributes to the formation of the practical significance of the results of systematic research, which are highlighted in the monograph. Section 1 examines which multimodal logistics solutions in emergency situations and transport security threats have proven effective during the war in Ukraine. The given transport and logistics solutions can be considered promising from the point of view of integrative capabilities at a new level of transport competitiveness and defense capability. In Section 2, practical measures are proposed to improve logistics solutions in transport and customs services in international traffic to ensure the efficiency and reliability of the national economy. In Section 3, the impact of information provision of truck crews performing transport tasks on road traffic is investigated, and an effective scheme for information support of cargo delivery conditions is developed. In Section 4, solutions are proposed for evaluating the effectiveness of the ecological system project using the "discounted payback period" criterion, which takes into account transformational changes in its life cycle model. In Section 5, solutions are proposed that allow for a reasonable selection of the composition of consumers and partners for each enterprise, taking into account their characteristics and strategies of information interaction, ensuring an increase in the efficiency of the "consumer - enterprise - partner" system based on the criterion of profit maximization. The monograph is intended for practitioners who are engaged in the search and implementation of effective technological solutions in the field of logistics, in particular according to economic criteria, and scientists who investigate applied problems of the functioning of logistics systems. The monograph can also be useful to postgraduate and master's students of universities in the relevant educational and scientific profile.
This article discusses the continuity between cosmopolitan collaboration and wartime collaborationism from 1932–1941 by exploring the Chinese Maritime Customs Service (CMCS) and its international ...staff. The CMCS managed China’s international trade and directed the custom houses in northern China before 1937, and in occupied China and free China from 1937–1941. The customs revenues generated by this international trade were pledged to service China’s international obligations. This article argues that both Chinese and Japanese staff members’ activities to maintain the status quo could be considered as wartime collaborationism from the perspectives of Japan, Manchukuo, and the Collaborationist and Chongqing governments, but all parties tolerated their activities until the outbreak of the Pacific War. The reason for this was that all parties benefitted from the CMCS’s management of international trade and its implementation of international obligations which had existed since the mid-nineteenth century. This article situates wartime collaborationism within the long-existing institutional network that was welcomed as cosmopolitan collaboration in the prewar, wartime, and postwar periods, rather than treating it as a unique wartime setup and ideology. Such a view also illuminates the postwar exchange of personnel and cooperation among former enemies, which grew out of prewar collaboration and wartime collaborationism.
The most relevant and promising area of activity of the FCS of Russia at present is the development of methods for evaluating the activities of customs authorities, based on the timeliness and ...quality of their public services. The main criteria for the quality of state customs services include the speed of customs operations, the simplification of the preparation of documents provided for customs formalities, as well as the transparency of customs control criteria and the effectiveness of this control in general. The main directions for the development of customs authorities are set forth in the Comprehensive Program for the Development of the FCS of Russia for the Period Until 2020. Key indicators of the mentioned program are indicators of “10 steps towards business”. To achieve the indicators established by this Program, the FCS of Russia is working on the introduction of advanced technologies for operations and customs control, the purpose of which is to exclude contacts of customs officials with participants in foreign economic activity, expansion of the specific share of declarations, registration and release of which are carried out automatically, automatic classification of foreign economic activity participants as risk categories for violation of the law, development of online services, increasing the reliability of information, provided to customs authorities until the moment of importation of goods into the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union, which will be discussed in this article.
Most of the strategic directions for improving customs administration in the Russian Federation, due to their specifics, involve interaction with the customs authorities of foreign states. The ...article discusses approaches to assessing the effectiveness of interstate customs interaction as a sub-type of the Russian customs service activity. The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that the basis of interstate customs interaction is the principle of minimizing possible customs risks. At the same time, the existing system of indicators used to evaluate the activities of customs authorities does not reflect the effectiveness of interaction in terms of the administration of these risks. The purpose of the study is to consider a process approach to assessing the effectiveness of customs cooperation in the concept of supply chain management. This approach involves an analysis of the activities of not a separate national customs administration, but an assessment of the integration of the actions of states in the context of concluded agreements on cooperation in the field of customs. A cross-border supply chain, according to the author, can have varying degrees of efficiency depending on the type of behavior of national customs administrations within it. The task of the study is to analyze the indicators of Russian and Chinese customs statistics of mutual trade by comparing “mirror” data on export-import transactions, extrapolating the trend of discrepancies to the dynamics of the development of customs cooperation between Russia and China, identifying elements that affect the gaps in mirror data. The results obtained suggest that, given a fairly definite and stable list of reasons for the discrepancies in the data of “mirror” customs statistics, their composition and degree of impact are different in each period of time and are a reflection of the level of interaction between the customs administrations of Russia and China. To verify the proposed approach, the trend of deviations of regional “mirror” statistics of bilateral trade between China and Russia is analyzed in the context of the cooperation key projects development between the Russian Far East and China customs administrations.
In the context of globalization and internationalization of economic relations, there is an active development of customs services, in which regulation of a certain part of the customs service moves ...to the international level. The quality of services provided by the customs authorities influences not only the time needed to complete customs formalities, but also the financial risks and costs of all participants involved in foreign economic activity. The increasing foreign trade turnover requires improvement of the movement and processing mechanisms of goods and services across the customs border of the Russian Federation, which necessitates the active implementation of new services and technologies of customs clearance. Customs service is understood not only as a public service performed by public authorities, but also as a specific type of activity aimed at facilitating the implementation of foreign economic operations carried out by commercial organizations of the customs sphere.
The article presents the analysis of the sources of remuneration for customs officers in the Great Duchy of Lithuania in the latter half of the XVIII century. Organizational issues of the State ...Customs Services in the GDL including the financial provision of customs officers were the responsibility of the Skarbovaya Commission of the GDL. The research leads to the conclusion that the remuneration of the officers was primarily determined based on their position in the Customs hierarchy (counter-registrant, superintendant, intendant, record clerk, chief guard, guard, etc.) and their performance: cost-effectiveness and capacity of customs checkpoints and the workload. Customs officers could be paid not only a fixed amount of a yearly salary but also an additional bonus which was called accidens (from Latin accidens - accidental). An accidens was assigned by the decision of the Skarbovaya Commission and its amount wasn’t regulated by any in-house guidelines. As a rule, it was paid for outstanding day-to-day professional performance and as a reward for honorable service upon retirement. The source of an official pay rise for the performance of Customs officers in the latter half of the XVIII century was a reward for detecting smuggled goods upon customs examination. Its amount initially equated to a quarter of a duty paid by a merchant for transportation of smuggled goods (promyto) and it reached 50% starting from January 1794. For a certain period, large sums of money were accumulated at the customs within the personal responsibility of the head of the Customs as the money from customs duties was transported to the treasury every six months. Such a situation created favourable conditions and opportunities for heads of Customs checkpoints to abuse of official position. Civil servants, having relatively small yearly allowance, often used the collected money for their purposes returning it at the time it was supposed to be transported to the treasury. The article also notes that Customs Service in the GDL in the latter half of the XVIII century presented a special institute in the system of state government and the establishment of a single payment rate for Customs officers of various ranks was definitely an innovation.
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