In this paper the impact of risk analysis and assessment training of the customs officers on improvement of their operational performances at Nikola Tesla airport in Belgrade is presented. The aim of ...the research is to measure the perception of the customs officers at the airport about the operational effectiveness of the risk analysis training program. The research was conducted through survey, by collecting data from the questionnaire disseminated to the customs officers who were divided into experimental (the officers who attained the training) and control group (the officers who have not attained the training). Both groups of the officers evaluated the statements about their performance contribution in effective collection of revenue, facilitation of trade and passengers, border control and protection level and reputation of the customs unit at the airport. The results of the research show that there is a significant difference between the groups, which confirms the hypothesis that the risk analysis and assessment training has a positive impact on the customs officers’ operational efficiency.
One of the most important directions of customs authorities development at the present time is improvement of the customs services sphere that will allow to influence on trade expenses decreasing for ...business, ensuring economic security, increasing of the country attractiveness in the investment side. The matters gain the special importance in the conditions of integration development within the Eurasian Economic Union as they demand coordination of legislative, methodological, methodical and a number of practical aspects of providing customs services in the united customs territory. The purpose of article is researching of customs services providing practice in conditions of the Eurasian Economic Union existence, identification of problems in this sphere and searching ways of their decision. Methods of the comparative, retrospective and system analysis, analogy, generalization and grouping were applied during article creating that has allowed to reveal key discrepancies in customs services providing in the countries of EEU and to designate the possible directions of their improvement. The results received in article cover the specified conceptual framework in the explored sphere, the designated methodological approaches to improvement of customs procedures. These approaches take into account interests of the main consumers of customs services - participants of foreign economic activity.
This article examines the conflicts in writing the imperial modern history of China among various stakeholders, particularly Chinese and American historians, and their dealing with a set of personal ...documents of Sir Robert Hart, Inspector-General of the Chinese Maritime Customs Services (CMCS) during the Qing period. This set of documents is called “Hart Industry” and contains Hart's personal papers and seventy-seven volumes of diaries, among others. Revealing the imperial Inspector-General's view on “westernization” in modern China, the Hart Industry played a key role in the development of the history of modern China throughout the twentieth century. From around 1957 until 1995, the diaries became a source of a highly politicized academic debate between Chinese Communist historians of the People's Republic of China and western historians of the Hart Industry. By providing a “study of studies” on the historiography of the colonial modern history of China, this article argues that the Hart diaries were critical to historians’ understanding of their own academic discourse.
The article states the economic essence of ?ustoms registration, its significance for the development of international economic activity in the present context. The customs' service development ...problem relevance is stipulated by the necessity to develop any state's international economic activity. Key trends of the service market development in the customs sphere have been revealed, the perspectives of subjective development of complex services in the customs sphere have been defined in terms of the carried out retrospective as well as the structural and functional analysis. The regional service market in terms of customs registration, its dynamics and structure, its interrelations and interdependencies have been examined using economic and mathematical methods.
The Polish Customs Service actively participates in both preventing and counteracting all criminal activities threatening the country and its citizens. Apart from being the guardian of public ...finances, it has a social role in that it reinforces heightened controls in order to prevent the importation/exportation of illegal and/or dangerous goods, endangered species of animals and plants to and from the country. Moreover, it ensures that all measures are implemented to protect cultural heritage, intellectual property and internal market against a trade in goods activities that would adversely affect the conditions of tax competition in the country.
In recent years Polish customs administration has undergone substantial changes not only in its structure but also in terms of tasks execution. Upon Poland’s accession to the European Union the ...western border was transformed into the internal border whereas the eastern border into the external border of the European Union, which led to a range of changes in the Customs Service. Those transformations made it necessary to lift customs control at border crossings from the western side. While becoming external border of the European Union Poland was obliged to adjust customs procedures to the Union standards. The abovementioned changes necessitated the need for organizational and structural transformation within the Customs Service. While performing statutory tasks the Customs Service provides safety and security for its citizens, makes it easier for reliable entrepreneurs to run their business activity as well as cares for the country’s finances. The effectiveness of the Customs Services depends to a large extent on functional infrastructure, state-of-the-art control devices, reliable communication system and innovative information solutions. It should improve the quality of the services provided, which would facilitate commodity circulation and make it possible to provide the merchandise straight to the entrepreneur, who deals with customs formalities on his or her own. Implementing new solutions – improvements by the Customs Service will provide substantial acceptance of its activities by citizens as well as entrepreneurs through providing more valuable services for the community, creating new possibilities in terms of business servic-ing by tapping into the already existing resources (effectiveness – better resource orientation, economy – better resource employment).
Background People detained by United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) are a high-risk population for tuberculosis (TB). Detainees are screened for TB upon intake, and TB patients are ...reported to the Division of Immigration Health Services (DIHS). Methods TB case reports were reviewed for ICE detainees reported to DIHS during 2004–2005. Case counts and frequency distributions are presented. Case counts are stratified by demographic characteristics, release status, laboratory and clinical findings, HIV/AIDS status, and drug resistance. Case rates were calculated for patients housed at facilities with DIHS staffing. Duration of treatment and of ICE custody is provided. Analyses were conducted in 2006. Results During 2004 and 2005, 76 and 142 TB patients were reported, respectively. The TB case rate was 82.6/100,000 in 2004 and 121.5/100,000 in 2005. The culture-confirmed case rate of 55.8/100,000 in 2005 was 2.5 times higher than the case rate in the U.S. foreign-born population. Of 218 patients, 127 (58.3%) had Mycobacterium tuberculosis –positive sputum cultures, 70 (32.1%) had acid-fast bacilli–positive sputum smears, and 36 (16.5%) were symptomatic at diagnosis. Patients from Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador accounted for 184 cases (84.4%) and 184 patients (84.4%) were repatriated. TB patients spent an average 82.6 days in treatment before release or repatriation. Conclusions Screening at intake to ICE custody has helped DIHS staff in diagnosing TB and starting patients on treatment, but patients are usually deported before completing therapy. Because of deportation, and sometimes re-entry into the United States, unique collaborations are required to support completion of treatment.
The concept of efficiency in the public services is more complex than the concept of efficiency in the private, profit-oriented sector. Consequently, the measurement of efficiency in the public ...services is very complex and implies more effort in the identification of relevant outputs and inputs. One of the segments of the public service system in the Republic of Croatia is the Customs Administration, which is an important regulator of Croatian international trade and freight traffic, and also a significant tax authority. This research is focused on determining the relative efficiency of regional organizational units of the Customs Administration on the basis of its most relevant inputs and outputs. Conclusions were made by the processing of data obtained directly from the Customs Administration by using the method of data envelopment analysis. The results obtained, in the end, indicate the need to establish new and different territorial organizational structure for the Customs Administration.
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