The manufacture of a high-quality meat analogue needs the utilization of appropriate ingredients through the application of cutting-edge technology to mimic the functional properties of traditional ...meat without negatively affecting the product features. Here, the reduced-fat soy-based emulsion gels, prepared by biosurfactant variants, were printed via an extrusion-based printer to manufacture a well-defined 3D structure. The printing performance revealed the 3D printed meat analogues formulated by dodecenyl succinylated inulin and ethyl (hydroxyethyl) cellulose presented a finer resolution compared to acetylated and octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches. The microstructure images provided evidence for the formation of an interconnected network with a highly porous structure in the 3D printed samples. Thermal and crystalline behaviors showed that the biosurfactants affected the crystalline structure, offering an increase in the hardness. The oral tribology measurements lead to the conclusion that the presence of biosurfactants reduced the friction coefficients. The presence of a large quantity of aggregated proteins was related to the possible formation of hydrogen bonds between the protein molecules. Moreover, disulfide bonds became progressively important in the samples, including modified inulin and modified cellulose, initiating the development of the fibrous structure. Temporal dominance of sensations also indicated that the biosurfactants induced a fibrous sensation in the printed meat analogues. The results of this study demonstrated how the application of emulsion gels in 3D printing process can further produce reduced-fat meat analogues with desired 3D structure and modified textures for enhanced eating experiences.
Display omitted
•The 3D constructs containing biosurfactants with higher molecular weight offered an improved printing performance.•The printed reduced-fat objects formed a highly porous structure with higher thermal resistance.•Biosurfactants could decrease the local ordering of soy protein as confirmed by X-ray diffraction.•Biosurfactants offered a lubrication property with a reduced friction coefficient.•The 3D printed constructs showed desired sensory profile with a dominance of fibrousness.
In perfusion MRI, image voxels form a spatially organized network of systems, all exchanging indicator with their immediate neighbors. Yet the current paradigm for perfusion MRI analysis treats all ...voxels or regions‐of‐interest as isolated systems supplied by a single global source. This simplification not only leads to long‐recognized systematic errors but also fails to leverage the embedded spatial structure within the data. Since the early 2000s, a variety of models and implementations have been proposed to analyze systems with between‐voxel interactions. In general, this leads to large and connected numerical inverse problems that are intractible with conventional computational methods. With recent advances in machine learning, however, these approaches are becoming practically feasible, opening up the way for a paradigm shift in the approach to perfusion MRI. This paper seeks to review the work in spatiotemporal modelling of perfusion MRI using a coherent, harmonized nomenclature and notation, with clear physical definitions and assumptions. The aim is to introduce clarity in the state‐of‐the‐art of this promising new approach to perfusion MRI, and help to identify gaps of knowledge and priorities for future research.
Understanding aging in seeds is vital for conservation and long-term preservation. This study examined the physiological and lipid characteristics of three chia varieties (WN, MNI, MNII) using ...conventional and biophysical methods to establish correlations and explore aging mechanisms. Variables assessed included thousand seed weight, moisture content (MC), and germination parameters, such as normal germination power (NGP), hypocotyl and radicle length, vigor, viability, as well as lipid characteristics, and thermal parameters. Physiological differences were prominent, especially in the MNII, with longer mean germination times (MGT = 2.11 d) and reduced NGP (63.24%). The WN variety exhibited superior germination (NGP = 95.9%), while MNI had an NGP of 93.2% and the highest vigor. Lipid analysis revealed significant differences, particularly in free fatty acid content (FFA). The oxidative status and tocopherol content were evaluated, with high germination in WN being associated with the combination of tocopherol isomers. The thermal analysis highlighted the predictive potential of ΔH for seed health and viability. Spectral analysis distinguished nutlets and oils, showcasing unique vibrational patterns. The correlation analysis revealed significant relationships crucial for conservation. MGT showed positive correlations with moisture content, electrical conductivity, and FFA, but negative correlations with germinated nutlets (GN) and normal seedlings (NS). MC positively correlated with FFA, abnormal seedlings (AS), and deteriorated nutlets, yet negatively correlated with GN and NS. Electrical conductivity emerged as a germination indicator, positively correlating with FFA and deteriorated nutlets, and negatively with GN and NS. δ-tocopherol content positively correlated with successful germination and NS, but negatively with AS. Thus, this research provides relevant knowledge on the conservation of chia nutlets by offering information on seed deterioration markers that can be obtained by FT-IR and DSC. This is particularly valuable for studying germplasm with a limited sample size, common in gene banks.
Display omitted
•Physiological, biochemical, and biophysical changes were compared for different chia genotypes.•All physiological properties exhibited suboptimal values for the MNII cultivar.•Free fatty acids proved to be a reliable indicator of nutlets deterioration.•The fusion energy determined by DSC correlated with the degree of deterioration.•PCA analysis of FT-IR separated cultivars with different physiological performances.
RbEu(MoO4)2 is synthesized by the two-step solid state reaction method. The crystal structure of RbEu(MoO4)2 is defined by Rietveld analysis in space group Pbcn with cell parameters a = 5.13502(5), ...b = 18.8581(2) and c = 8.12849(7) Å, V = 787.13(1) Å3, Z = 4 (RB = 0.86%). This molybdate possesses its phase transition at 817 K and melts at 1250 K. The Raman spectra were measured with the excitation at λ = 1064 and 514.5 nm. The photoluminescence spectrum is evaluated under the excitation at 514.5 nm. The absolute domination of hypersensitive 5D0→7F2 transition is observed. The ultranarrow 5D0→7F0 transition in RbEu(MoO4)2 is positioned at 580.2 nm being 0.2 nm blue shifted, with respect to that in Eu2(MoO4)3.
•RbEu(MoO4)2 is synthesized by the two-step solid state reaction method.•The crystal structure of RbEu(MoO4)2 is defined by Rietveld analysis in space group Pbcn.•The absolute domination of hypersensitive 5D0.→7F2 transition is observed.
A series of segmental polyurethane organic inorganic hybrids with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) incorporated along the chain contour on the hard segments is irradiated by γ radiation ...at doses up to 100 kGy. The effects of this treatment on the morphology of the materials and the low temperature stability to oxidation are assessed complementary by non-isothermal and isothermal chemiluminescence experiments as well as with differential scanning calorimetry. From the methodological point of view, it was found that both physical and chemical processes have a footprint on both methods, but the physical ones manifest themselves more intensely in the thermal method, whereas chemical ones in chemiluminescence. Due to γ-exposure the onset oxidation temperatures decrease by several degrees, but POSS seems to protect the material to some extent. γ-Irradiation damage has also a negative effect on the development of phase separation, which is further enhanced by the presence of POSS. The crystallinity of the soft segments in the matrix is completely suppressed by irradiation, however, even a small amount of POSS preserves the phenomenon.
•Physical events in polyurethanes have a small but observable CL footprint.•γ−irradiation makes material more vulnerable to thermal oxidation.•POSS protects to some extent from the effects of irradiation.
•The FTIR/XRD/DSC analyses confirm the compatibility between NC and stabilizers.•The NC stabilized by MENA+DPA releases the lowest volume of NO (B&J test).•The amount of the gas released by ...NC/eutectic is close to that stabilized by DPA.•The NC stabilized by the eutectic MENA+DPA presents the highest activation energy.•The eutectic MENA+DPA is a new efficient stabilizer for nitrocellulose.
The effect of organic eutectic mixture of diphenylamine (DPA) and N-(2-methoxyethyl)-p-nitroaniline (MENA) with respect to its pure components on the stability of nitrocellulose (NC) has been investigated by means of stability tests and kinetic modeling. The prepared mixtures have been analyzed by FTIR, XRD, and DSC. The obtained results showed that the eutectic composition does not reveal any compatibility issue with NC. The Bergmann-Junk and Vacuum Stability Test results demonstrated that all samples are stable. The NC stabilized by the eutectic mixture (DPA + MENA) displayed the best stabilizing effect compared to that stabilized by the pure components. Furthermore, kinetic modeling has been carried out by isoconversional analysis to determine the kinetic triplet. It was found that the NC stabilized by the eutectic mixture presents the highest average activation energy, what corroborating the stability tests results and justifying the potential of such eutectic composition as efficient NC stabilizer.
In the past years, the use of biomass has significantly increased and, therefore, so has the number of accidents related to its storage, transport, and use. To prevent these accidents, it is ...essential to properly know their flammability and explosion characteristics so their behaviour can be addressed as a first stop for preventing accidents. The present work studies the inertization with solid inerts of biomass layers and clouds (biomass powder suspended in air) as a possible solution to reduce their ignition tendency. To do so, two biomass samples were studied: wood pellets and dried sewage sludge; mixed with two different inert materials: recycled glass and sodium bicarbonate. In particular, the inert materials were mixed with biomass at three different concentrations (30%, 50% and 70%) and the ignition of the mixtures was studied, determining the minimum ignition temperature of layer and cloud (MITL and MITC) for each mixture, and detecting the needed concentration for avoiding the ignition. Additionally, samples were tested using TGA and DSC techniques to analyse their thermal behaviour and to determine the influence that the inert material has in the energetic power of the biofuel.
Different behaviours were observed depending on the different inert materials, showing that not only the amount of inert added is important but also its physico-chemical properties. If the results for a layer and a cloud are compared, it was noticed that inertization effect differs between biomass and test. Regarding TGA and DSC results, it was concluded that smaller percentages of inert material should be considered, as they substantially modify the energetic value.
•Inertization showed differences when testing different biomasses but also when addressing MITc and MITL.•When igniting the cloud, the heat transfer mechanisms are more evenly distributed.•Recycled glass provided a better inertization in MITc than sodium bicarbonate.•Physico-chemical properties of the inert materials played a significant role.
The mechanical and thermal characteristics composites reinforced with E-glass fibre were examined in the current study. The mechanical stirring technique followed by the hand layup method was used to ...make composites loaded with different weight percentages of nanographene and a layer of e-glass. Nano-composite is made up of three different compositions by adjusting the weight percentages of each nanomaterial by 1%, 2%, and 3%. The generated nanocomposites' mechanical characteristics, including flexural strength, tensile strength, TGA, DTA, DSC, and hardness, were investigated and compared on a varying of nanofillers. The results showed that, when compared to neatly stacked composites, the introduction of nanographene (NG) composites can be a successful strategy in terms of mechanical qualities. Results are presented after examination of the experimental values of 1, 2, and 3 wt% of nanographene in the E-glass fabric reinforced composite. Additionally, it was found that adding nanomaterials the mechanical and thermal properties of nanographene to decrease after reaching their optimum weight percentage.
The effects of palladium doping on the catalytic activity of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ(LSCF) cathodes are investigated by comparing the performance of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8−xPdxO3−δ (LSCFPd) cathodes ...with different doping content and LSCF cathodes. The electrochemical results show that Pd doping decreases the polarization resistance and promotes the catalytic activity of LSCF cathodes. This promotion becomes greater with the increase of Pd doping content, which is also reflected by electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) measurement results because the oxygen surface exchange coefficient of LSCFPd is improved by Pd doping. According to the in-situ high temperature XRD and TG-DSC results, perovskite LSCFPd materials are stable at temperature below 700 °C, and some Pd species are segregated during heating process.
•The effects of Pd doping on the catalytic activity of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ cathodes are investigated.•The stability of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8−xPdxO3−δ perovskite materials was studied by HT-XRD and TG-DSC.•Some Pd species decompose to Pd metal at temperature above 800 °C.
PDF
