Building on an overview of dual systems theories in behavioural economics, the paper presents a methodological assessment in terms of the mechanistic explanations framework that has gained prominence ...in philosophy of the neurosciences. I conclude that they fail to meet the standards of causal explanations and I suggest an alternative ‘dual functions’ view based on Marr’s methodology of computational neuroscience. Recent psychological and neuroscience research undermines the case for a categorization of brain processes in terms of properties such as relative speed. I defend an interpretation of dualities as functional, without assigning them to specific neurophysiological structures.
Solving IBC-CFIE With Dual Basis Functions Ylä-Oijala, Pasi; Kiminki, Sami P; Järvenpää, Seppo
IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation,
12/2010, Letnik:
58, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The surface integral equation method is applied to solve electromagnetic scattering by arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional imperfectly conducting objects modeled with the Leontovitch impedance ...boundary condition (IBC). Dual basis functions are used to remove previously reported difficulties associated with the solution of the combined field integral equation for objects with the IBC. By expanding the magnetic current with quasi-curl conforming dual functions and the electric current with divergence conforming primary (RWG) functions leads to a stable discretization procedure for the rotation (n ×) operator required by the IBC.
Engineering of 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin for Enhanced Stress-Tolerance An, B.C., Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; Lee, S.S., Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; Lee, J.T., Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea ...
Molecules and cells,
09/2011, Letnik:
32, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A typical 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx)-like protein (PpPrx) that alternatively acts as a peroxidase or a molecular chaperone in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was previously characterized. The ...dual functions of PpPrx are regulated by the existence of an additional Cys∨112 between the active Cys∨51 and Cys∨171 residues. In the present study, additional Cys residues (Cys∨31, Cys∨112, and Cys∨192) were added to PpPrx variants to improve their enzymatic function. The optimal position of the additional Cys residues for the dual functionality was assessed. The peroxidase activities of the S31C and Y192C mutants were increased 3- to 4-fold compared to the wild-type, while the chaperone activity was maintained at greater than 66% of PpPrx. To investigate whether optimization of the dual functions could enhance stress-tolerance in vivo, a complementation study was performed. The S31C and Y192C mutants showed a much greater tolerance than other variants under a complex condition of heat and oxidative stresses. The optimized dual functions of PpPrx could be adapted for use in bioengineering systems and industries, such as to develop organisms that are more resistant to extreme environments.
High-level quantum chemical calculations of the ternary systems F
2
CSe∙∙∙NH
3
∙∙∙HX (X=BeH, BH
2
, OH, CN, OCH
3
, Cl, and F) and the corresponding binary systems have been carried out in view of ...geometries, vibrational frequencies, interaction energies, orbital interactions, and electron densities. The molecular electrostatic potentials of F
2
CSe demonstrate that the Se atom could play a dual role of Lewis acid and base to form a chalcogen bond with NH
3
and a hydrogen bond or a covalent interaction with HX, respectively. The chalcogen bond can compete with the hydrogen bond for the complexes involving F
2
CSe, but the covalent interaction is far stronger than the chalcogen bond. In the ternary complexes, both types of interactions are strengthened by each other, characterized by a shorter binding distance, a larger electron density, and a stronger orbital interaction. The covalent interaction has a greater enhancing effect on the chalcogen bond than the hydrogen bond does, resulting in a prominent shortening of ~0.23 Å distance for the Se∙∙∙N distance in F
2
CSe∙∙∙NH
3
∙∙∙BH
3
. The enhancement of both interactions in the ternary complexes has been understood with the electrostatic potentials and orbital interactions.
Graphical Abstract
The dual functions of Lewis acid and base of Se in F
2
CSe are enhanced each other in the ternary complexes
Gowers norms have been studied extensively both in the direct sense, starting with a function and understanding the associated norm, and in the inverse sense, starting with the norm and deducing ...properties of the function. Instead of focusing on the norms themselves, we study associated dual norms and dual functions. Combining this study with a variant of the Szemerédi Regularity Lemma, we give a decomposition theorem for dual functions, linking the dual norms to classical norms and indicating that the dual norm is easier to understand than the norm itself. Using the dual functions, we introduce higher order algebras that are analogs of the classical Fourier algebra, which in turn can be used to further characterize the dual functions.
The peroxiredoxin protein expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (PaPrx) is a typical 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin that has dual functions as both a thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase and molecular ...chaperone. As the function of PaPrx is regulated by its structural status, in the present study, we examined the effects of electron beam radiation on the structural modifications of PaPrx, as well as changes to PaPrx peroxidase and chaperone functions. It was found that the chaperone activity of PaPrx was increased approximately 3- to 4-fold at 2kGy when compared to non-irradiated PaPrx, while its peroxidase activity decreased. This corresponded to a shift from the low molecular weight PaPrx species that acts as a peroxidase to the high molecular weight complex that functions as a chaperone, as detected using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We also investigated the influence of the electron beam on physical protein properties such as hydrophobicity and secondary structure. The exposure of the PaPrx hydrophobic domains in response to irradiation reached a peak at 2kGy and then decreased in a dose-dependent manner at higher doses. In addition, the exposure of β-sheet and random coil elements on the surface of PaPrx was significantly increased following irradiation with an electron beam, whereas exposure of α-helix and turn elements was decreased. These results suggest that irradiated PaPrx may be a potential candidate for use in bio-engineering systems and various industrial applications, due to its enhanced chaperone activity.
The two stages of the acute inflammatory process are apoptosis ('Yin') and wound healing or resolution ('Yang'). Inflammation defends the host against unwanted elements.
To present a discussion of ...pleiotropic roles of innate immune cells possessing 'tumoricidal' and/or 'tumorigenic' properties in inflammation-induced dysfunction of the immune system and the genesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, hyperplasia, precancer/neoplasia or tumor and angiogenesis.
Loss of maintenance of the balance between apoptosis and wound healing and co-existence of death and growth factors in tissues could create 'immunological chaos' with accumulation of 'immune response mismatches'. Unresolved inflammation plays a role in the genesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Identification of accumulated 'mismatched' death and growth factors during the developmental phases of immune dysfunction in target tissues or cancer microenvironment presents challenges and opportunities for future studies on diagnosis, prevention and therapy of these diseases.
PDF
