Los sistemas EDI (Electronic Data lnterchange) están concebidos principalmente para ser utilizados dentro del mundo de las transacciones comerciales. Ahora bien, por sus características técnicas y ...circunstancias estratégicas, provocan también el interés de los profesionales de la Información y Documentación. En este artículo se describen las principales características de los sistemas EDI: sus prestaciones, las infraestructuras tecnológicas que utilizan y también sus condicionantes. Se analiza cuál es la implantación de EDI en el mercado europeo. Se examinan las características de las normas EDIFACT (Electronic Data lnterchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport), ODA/ODIF (Office Document Architecture/Office Document lnterchange Formal) y FORMEX (FORMalized Exchange of electronic publications), así como los problemas que plantean estos formatos en relación con las técnicas de normalización documental. Se pasa revista a algunos de los principales proyectos europeos en curso, dentro del campo bibliotecario y documental, que tienen cierta relación con el Intercambio Electrónico de Datos.
Government agencies use information technology extensively to collect business data for regulatory purposes. Data communication standards form part of the infrastructure with which businesses must ...conform to survive. We examine the development of, and emerging competition between, two open business reporting data standards adopted by government bodies in France; Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport (EDIFACT) (incumbent) and eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) (challenger). The research explores whether an incumbent may be displaced in a setting in which the contest is unresolved. Latour's translation map is applied to trace the enrollments and detours in the battle. We find that regulators play an important role as allies in the development of the standards. The antecedent networks in which the standards are located embed strong beliefs that become barriers to collaboration and fuel the battle. One of the key differentiating attitudes is whether speed is more important than legitimacy. The failure of collaboration encourages competition. The newness of XBRL's technology just as regulators need to respond to an economic crisis and its adoption by French regulators not using EDIFACT create an opportunity for the challenger to make significant network gains over the longer term. ANT also highlights the importance of the preservation of key components of EDIFACT in ebXML.
As the usage of computers expands in commercial activities, it is anecessary issue to reduce the usage of papers and documents. That is why Ifocus in my research to find the way turning paper ...documents into electronicdocuments in freight transport. I examine road, rail and combined transport.The first step is to map the main activities and the paper documents usedfor managing the processes. I compare the three transport modes, I determinethe similarities and the differences. There are some paper documents whichmore or less contain all the information needed for all of the threeprocesses. These are the commission, the consignment note, the customsdeclaration and the commercial bill.The Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) proves to be the best solution forrealisation. It has an international standard, called EDIFACT (ElectronicData Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport).
Global e-Trade means the electronic trade among trading partners across the countries. It encompasses domestic and overseas business processes, including B2B and B2G activities. It needs the ...efficient, fast, and accurate flow of information among all parties involved that have different information systems. To achieve the benefits of global e-Trade, standardized electronic documents or messages are essential. In this paper, focusing on the strategic importance of international standards such as UN/EDIFACT for VAN/EDI and ebXML for XML/EDI, we review the diverse efforts to adopt them for realizing the paperless trade or global e-Trade across the countries.
Inter-organizational relationships (IORs) are important for creating business potential and increasing business performance. The evaluation of IORs is necessary for analyzing the collaboration ...between businesses as well as for assessing business partners. However, the evaluation of IORs is ambiguous since it is usually measured by success factors, such as trust and information sharing, which are difficult to be measured quantitatively. In this paper, we propose using quantifiable Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for measuring success factors. We aim to identify KPIs in inter-organizational scenarios where information is exchanged electronically based on EDIFACT message types. In particular, we i) derive inter-organizational KPIs and propose guidelines for their calculation from EDIFACT data elements, and ii) aggregate these KPIs to define quantitative measurements reflecting inter-organizational success factors. Therefore, we first define a method for the systematic selection of suitable data elements from EDIFACT message types based on frequency analysis. Second, we consider the semantics of data elements and message types in defining KPIs. Having these KPIs at hand supports the quantitative evaluation of success factors which in turn enables the evaluation of IORs.
Choreography modeling and service integration received a lot of attention in the last decade. However, most real-world implementations of inter-organizational systems are still realized by ...traditional Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) standards. In traditional EDI standards, the notion of process or choreography is not explicitly specified. Rather, every business document exchange stands for its own. This lack of process awareness in traditional EDI systems hinders organizations from applying Business Process Management (BPM) methods in such settings. To address this shortcoming, we seek to derive choreographies from EDI message exchanges. Thereby, we employ and extend process mining techniques, which have so far concentrated on business processes within single organizations. We discover the interaction sequences between the partners as well as the business information conveyed in the exchanged documents, which goes beyond the state-of-the-art in process mining. As a result, we lift the information gained on the IT level to the business level. This enables us to derive new insights that help organizations to improve their performance, e.g., an organization may get insights into the value of its business partnerships to support an efficient decision making process. This way we hope to bring the merits of BPM to inter-organizational systems realized by traditional EDI standards.
Changing requirements for health care information systems force the development of an open, modular architecture in which components can be integrated. This offers a flexible means for integrating ...different (heterogeneous) systems used by different users. Selecting the components to integrate, and determining the ‘right way’ to integrate them, necessitates a shift in focus towards the business process to be supported. The realization of such an open, modular architecture is a difficult task. It consists of breaking down existing systems in required components and integrating these and other components. Many authors on component-based development strategies focus attention on the technological issues of component integration (do we use CORBA, DCOM/OLE, or EDI?). This paper presents an approach for determining the required components, and the way they have to be integrated, based on an analysis of the business process to be supported, and the information systems currently used.
Standardized business documents are a prerequisite for Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). One predominant standards family are the Electronic Data Interchange For Administration, Commerce and ...Transport (EDIFACT) formats created and maintained by the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business. However, EDIFACT formats are currently specified in a textual manner where semantic relationships between data elements are neither formally nor explicitly described. While these relationships are usually easy to identify for humans, this information is hidden to machines. This hampers semantically accurate interpretation of EDIFACT messages. In addressing this shortcoming, we present an approach for conceptualizing EDIFACT messages in ontologies, the EDIonto approach. Thereby, we provide means for modeling and storing both structural information acquired from the official EDIFACT standards as well as semantic information about the relationships between data elements. Furthermore, we describe means for storing concrete EDIFACT messages in knowledge bases according to the developed ontologies. We evaluated our approach by comparing it to state-of-the-art tools for interpreting EDIFACT messages. Contrary to the other tools, the approach presented in this paper allows for the automated and semantically accurate processing of generic EDIFACT messages.
In this paper we consider the problem of encrypting messages containing characters from small, usually non-binary alphabets by means of binary encryption algorithms. It is shown that the solutions as ...proposed by ISO-10126 can be improved with respect to the expansion factor and, more importantly, with respect to the cryptographic security. Also, a method is presented which is optimal in this sense, i.e. no expansion and optimal cryptographic security.
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