EDTA and Salts Cherian, Priya; Bergfeld, Wilma F.; Belsito, Donald V. ...
International journal of toxicology,
12/2023, Letnik:
42, Številka:
3_suppl
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed newly available studies since their original assessment in 1998, along with updated information regarding product types and concentrations of ...use and confirmed that EDTA and certain salts are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report.
Washing water containing poorly degradable heavy metal-EDTA complexes is produced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) washing of heavy metal-contaminated soil. A series of batch experiments ...were performed to explore the dechelation of heavy metal-EDTA complexes and the recovery of EDTA from simulated soil-washing solution using sulfide precipitation with Na2S. The results showed that the effect of Na2S dosage on the dechelation of Cd-EDTA solution was greater than that of other factors (reaction temperature, time, and pH) and excess EDTA suppressed cadmium removal. Additionally, the Cd removal efficiency reached 99.99 ± 0.001%, and the residual amount of Cd-EDTA was below the detection limit of ion chromatography (IC) measurements under the following optimal conditions: an initial Cd-EDTA solution pH of 6, a sodium sulfide-to-Cd-EDTA ratio of 2:1, a reaction temperature of 25 °C, and a contact time of 20 min. Furthermore, the results of analysis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and ion chromatography (IC) confirmed that the dechelation process could be completed in less than 20 min and that EDTA was completely recovered as trisodium EDTA (HNa3EDTA). The mechanism for the dechelation of Cd-EDTA and recovery of EDTA using sulfide precipitation with Na2S was also proposed. The recovered EDTA with acidification had the same ability to extract heavy metals from soil with fresh EDTA. This study may facilitate the recycling of soil-washing wastewater and reduce the cost of extracting heavy metals from soil using EDTA.
•The effect of Na2S dosage on the dechelation of Cd-EDTA solution was greater than that of other factors (reaction temperature, time, and pH).•Excess EDTA suppressed dechelation of Cd-EDTA complexes and cadmium removal.•The recovery of EDTA through the formation of HNa3EDTA was confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopy and ion chromatography (IC).•Based on the identified formation of HNa3EDTA, the mechanism for the dechelation of Cd-EDTA and recovery of EDTA was proposed.
Objectives were to evaluate the effects of a multistrain Bacillus-based (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus blend) direct-fed microbial (DFM) on production, metabolism, inflammation biomarkers ...and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) permeability during and following feed restriction (FR) in mid-lactation Holstein cows. Multiparous cows (n = 36; 138 ± 53 DIM) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: 1) control (CON; 7.5 g/d rice hulls; n = 12), 2) DFM10 (10 g/d Bacillus DFM, 4.9 × 109 cfu/d; n = 12) or 3) DFM15 (15 g/d Bacillus DFM, 7.4 × 109 cfu/d; n = 12). Before study initiation, cows were fed their respective treatments for 32 d. Cows continued to receive treatments during the trial, which consisted of 3 experimental periods (P): P1 (5 d) served as baseline for P2 (5 d), during which all cows were restricted to 40% of P1 dry matter intake (DMI), and P3 (5 d), a “recovery” where cows were fed ad libitum. On d 4 of P1 and on d 2 and 5 of P2, GIT permeability was evaluated in vivo using the oral paracellular marker chromium (Cr)-EDTA. As anticipated, FR decreased milk production, decreased insulin, glucagon, and BUN but increased nonesterified fatty acids. During recovery, DMI rapidly increased on d 1 then subsequently decreased (4.9 kg) on d 2 before returning to baseline whereas milk yield slowly increased but remained decreased (13%) relative to P1. DFM10-fed cows had increased DMI and milk yield relative to DFM15 during P3 (10%). Overall, milk lactose content was increased in DFM cows relative to CON (0.10 percentage units), and DFM10 cows tended to have increased lactose yield relative to CON and DFM15 during P3 (8 and 10%, respectively). No overall treatment differences were observed for other milk composition variables. Circulating glucose was quadratically increased in DFM10 cows compared with CON and DFM15 during FR and recovery. Plasma Cr area under the curve was increased in all cows on d 2 (9%) and 5 (6%) relative to P1. Circulating lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (Hp) increased in all cows during P2 compared with baseline (31%, 100%, and 9.0-fold, respectively). Circulating Hp concentrations continued to increase during P3 (274%). Overall, circulating LBP and Hp tended to be increased in DFM15 cows relative to DFM10 (29 and 81%, respectively), but no treatment differences were observed for SAA. Following feed reintroduction during P3, fecal pH initially decreased (0.62 units), but returned to baseline levels whereas fecal starch markedly increased (2.5-fold) and remained increased (82%). Absolute quantities of a fecal Butyryl-CoA CoA transferase (But) gene associated with butyrate synthesis, collected by fecal swab were increased in DFM10 cows compared with CON and DFM15-fed cows. In summary, FR increased GIT permeability, caused inflammation, and decreased production. Feeding DFM10 increased some key production and metabolism variables and upregulated a molecular biomarker of microbial hindgut butyrate synthesis, while DFM15 appeared to augment immune activation.
Purpose: To report 2-year outcomes of trans-epithelial accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (TE-ACXL) procedure in the treatment of progressive keratoconus patients. Patients and Methods: ...Twenty-four eyes from 24 patients who underwent TE-ACXL (6mW/cm.sup.2 for 15 minutes) were included in this retrospective interventional study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), keratometry values, thinnest corneal thickness (PachyMin) and topometric indexes were analysed preoperatively and at 6-month, 12-month, 18-month and 24-month postoperative. Progression was assessed by increase greater than or equal to1.00D in maximum keratometry (Kmax); increase greater than or equal to1.00D in corneal astigmatism; decrease greater than or equal to2% in PachyMin; increase greater than or equal to0.42 in D-index. Results: There were no complications during or after TE-ACXL. No significant differences (DELTA) were observed between baseline and 12-month or 24-month postoperative: DELTABCVA (-0.08 + or - 0.25, p=0.190; -0.04 + or - 0.17, p = 0.588), DELTAKmax (-0.08 + or - 1.32, p=0.792; -1.04 + or - 1.89, p=0.135), DELTAAstigmatism (-0.15 + or - 0.89, p=0.485; -0.24 + or - 1.38, p=0.609), DELTAPachyMin (-0.56 + or - 15.70, p=0.882; 0.56 + or - 18.74, p=0.931), DELTAIndex Surface Variation (DELTAISV) (-2.11 + or - 10.27, p=0.395; -4.67 + or - 17.32, DELTA=0.442), DELTAIndex Vertical Asymmetry (DELTAIVA) (-0.05 + or - 0.17, p=0.208; -0.08 + or - 0.26, p=0.397), DELTAIndex Height Decentration (DELTAIHD) (0.00 + or - 0.02, p=0.368; -0.01 + or - 0.04, p=0.484), DELTAKI (0.00 + or - 0.05, p=0.851; 0.01 + or - 0.06, p=0.877) and DELTAD-index (0.15 + or - 1.14, p=0.512; 0.06 + or - 1.36, p=0.892). Eleven to 33% of patients had disease progression at 24-month postoperative according to the parameters used to determine progression. Conclusion: Although some patients maintain disease progression, TE-ACXL seems to be a safe and effective treatment for keratoconus over the 2-year follow-up period. Studies with longer follow-up periods and larger patient cohorts are recommended. Keywords: cornea, keratoconus, disease progression, transepithelial, cross-linking
This study focused on the synthesis and characterization of novel magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles loaded sawdust carbon (Fe3O4/SC) and EDTA modified Fe3O4/SC (EDTA@Fe3O4/SC) nanocomposites (ncs) by ...low cost biogenic green synthesis approach and their application for Cd (II) removal from aqueous medium in batch mode. In isotherm studies, Langmuir and Freundlich models are best fitted to Cd (II) removal data. Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of EDTA@Fe3O4/SC ncs was found to be 63.3, 22.4 and 25 mg/g that is greater than maximum adsorption capacity of Fe3O4/SC ncs that is 51, 18.9 and 15 mg/g at the adsorbent doses of 0.4, 1.2 and 2.0 g/L, respectively. Cd (II) adsorption rate is well explained by Pseudo-second order model. Cd (II) adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature expressed by Enthalpy, Entropy and Free Energy change. The results of regeneration studies showed that EDTA modified Fe3O4/SC ncs is promising, low cost and eco-friendly for heavy metal adsorption.
Display omitted
•Nanocomposites have been synthesized by biogenic green synthesis approach.•The adsorption capacity of EDTA@Fe3O4/SC nanocomposites was 63 mg/g.•Desorption of Cd(II) was 100% from studied nanocomposite in acidic medium.•Synthesized nanocomposites were effective for heavy metals in real water sample.•These nanocomposites were effective for five successive cycles for Cd (II) adsorption.
•ZnFe2O4@SiO2@L-Lisin@Cr-EDTA-MOF has been introduced as a porous organic-inorganic hybrid.•ZnFe2O4@SiO2@L-Lisin@Cr-EDTA-MOF has been employed as a catalyst for the production of ...sulfoxides.•ZnFe2O4@SiO2@L-Lisin@Cr-EDTA-MOF can be recovered and reused without metal leaching or decreasing its catalytic activity.
In this research, the design, and synthesis of ZnFe2O4@SiO2@L-Lisin@Cr-EDTA coordination polymer magnetic nanoparticles as a novel, recyclable, and heterogeneous catalyst was developed. EDTA with four carboxylic groups as an outstanding chelating agent was utilized for the preparation of the Cr-EDTA metal-organic framework (Cr-EDTA coordination polymer). In the next step, by immobilizing the synthesized Cr-EDTA coordination polymer on the surface of the Zinc ferrite nanoparticles, ZnFe2O4@SiO2@L-Lisin@Cr-EDTA coordination polymer was synthesized. The magnetic nanocatalyst (ZnFe2O4@SiO2@L-Lisin@Cr-EDTA coordination polymer) was characterized by using various methods such as BET, FTIR, SEM, XRD, EDX, TGA, VSM, and Map analysis. Also, the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxide was efficiently performed using the ZnFe2O4@SiO2@L-Lisin@Cr-EDTA coordination polymer catalytic system. The synthesized catalyst can be reused for five periods without loss of catalytic activity.
•CLS has a strong depressive effect on galena and sphalerite.•The oxidizing agent H2O2 oxidizes galena significantly faster than sphalerite.•EDTA reduces the depressive effect of CLS on sphalerite.
...Sphalerite and galena often exist in mixed form and are difficult to separate effectively. The effect of surface oxidation behavior regulation on the depression of calcium lentisulfonate (CLS) was studied in galena and sphalerite.
Flotation experiment, contact angle experiment, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and microcalorimetric experiment were used to study the effect and mechanism of modulation of surface oxidation behaviour on CLS on the depression of galena flotation.
The results show that CLS can depress both galena and sphalerite. The oxidizing agent H2O2 oxidizes galena significantly faster than sphalerite. The treatment with H2O2 induces the formation of more oxidation products, such as PbSO4, on the surface of galena, enhances the adsorption of CLS and makes the surface of galena hydrophilic, thus reducing the recovery of galena in the flotation process. On the other hand, the treatment of the activator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) reduces the amount of oxidation products ZnSO4 on the sphalerite surface, and CLS loses the active site that can be adsorbed on the galena surface, making the galena surface hydrophilic. In view of the huge hydrophobicity difference between sphalerite and galena, flotation separation is achieved.
Display omitted
The coupling of washing with adsorption process can be adopted for the treatment of soils contaminated with heavy metals pollution. However, the complex environment of soil and the competitive ...behavior of leaching chemicals considerably restrain adsorption capacity of adsorbent material during washing process, which demands a higher resistance of the adsorbents to interference. In this study, we synthesized strongly magnetic, high specific surface area (573.49 m2/g) UiO66 composites (i.e., UiO66-Fe3O4) using hydrothermal process. The UiO66-Fe3O4 was applied as an adsorbent during the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-assisted washing process of contaminated soil. The incorporation of UiO66-Fe3O4 results in rapid heavy metal removal and recovery from the soil under low concentrations of washing agent (0.001 mol/L) with reduced residual heavy metal mobility of soil after remediation. Furthermore, UiO66-Fe3O4 can quickly recollect by an external magnet, which offers a simple and inexpensive recovery method for heavy metals from contaminated soil. Overall, UiO66-Fe3O4 configuration with EDTA-assisted washing process showed opportunities for heavy metals contaminated sites.
