Intact cognitive control is critical for goal-directed behavior and is widely studied using the error-related negativity (ERN). A common assumption in such studies is that ERNs recorded during ...different experimental paradigms reflect the same construct or functionally equivalent processes and that ERN is functionally distinct from other error-monitoring event-related brain potentials (ERPs; error positivity Pe), other neurophysiological indices of cognitive control (N2), and even other theoretically unrelated indices (visual N1). The present registered report represents a replication-plus-extension study of the psychometric validity of cognitive control ERPs and evaluated the convergent and divergent validity of ERN, Pe, N2, and visual N1 recorded during flanker, Stroop, and Go/no-go tasks. Data from 182 participants were collected from two study sites, and ERP psychometric reliability and validity were evaluated. Findings supported replication of convergent and divergent validity of ERN, Pe, and ΔPe (error minus correct)-these ERPs correlated more with themselves across tasks than with other ERPs measured during the same task. Convergent validity of ΔERN across tasks was not replicated, despite high internal consistency. ERN strongly correlated with N2 at levels similar or higher than those in support of convergent validity for other ERPs, and the present study failed to provide evidence of divergent validity for ERN and Pe from N2 or N1. ERN and ΔERN were unrelated to internalizing or externalizing symptoms. Findings underscore the importance of considering the psychometric validity of ERPs, as it provides a foundation for interpreting and comparing ERPs across tasks and studies.
Conventionally, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) are obtained by averaging a number of single trials. This can be problematic due to trial-to-trial latency variability. Residue iteration ...decomposition (RIDE) was developed to decompose ERPs into component clusters with different latency variability and to re-synchronize the separated components into a reconstructed ERP.
RIDE has been continuously upgraded and now converges to a robust version. We describe the principles of RIDE and detailed algorithms of the functional modules of a toolbox. We give recommendations and provide caveats for using RIDE from both methodological and psychological perspectives.
RIDE was applied to several data samples to demonstrate its ability to decompose and reconstruct latency-variable components of ERPs and to retrieve single trial variability information. Different functionalities of RIDE were shown in appropriate examples.
RIDE employs several modules to achieve a robust decomposition of ERP. As main innovations RIDE (1) is able to extract components based on the combination of known event markers and estimated latencies, (2) prevents distortions much more effectively than previous methods based on least-square algorithms, and (3) allows time window confinements to target relevant components associated with sub-processes of interest.
RIDE is a convenient method that decomposes ERPs and provides single trial analysis, yielding rich information about sub-components, and that reconstructs ERPs, more closely reflecting the combined activity of single trial ERPs. The outcomes of RIDE provide new dimensions to study brain-behavior relationships based on EEG data.
•ERPs can be used as a valuable tool to investigate emotional face processing in AD.•The categorization of emotional facial expressions was intact in individuals with AD.•P100, N170, and VPP to ...emotional expressions were altered in AD compared to controls.
The present study aims to evaluate the amplitude and latency of event-related potentials (ERPs) P100, N170, VPP and N230 in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to healthy elderly controls, using a passive viewing task of emotional facial expressions.
Twenty-four individuals with mild to moderate AD and 23 demographically matched healthy elderly controls were included in the study. ERP P100, N170, VPP and N230 amplitude and latency values were compared between groups.
The categorization of emotional facial expressions was intact; yet, increased P100 amplitude and latency, decreased N170 amplitude, and increased VPP amplitude were observed in AD compared to controls. Increased N230 amplitude and latency were observed in response to angry expressions, while neutral expressions elicited decreased amplitude and latency.
Increased P100 amplitude and latency may reflect reduced amygdala volume and disruptions in the visual system, while decreased N170 and increased VPP amplitudes may reflect impaired perceptual processing, mitigated by a greater involvement of prefrontal areas for task performance in AD.
This study is the first to report a complex pattern of ERPs to emotional facial expressions in individuals with AD.
Previous research suggests that executive control ability may contribute to second language (L2) metaphor comprehension, and this relationship may be modulated by metaphor familiarity. However, so ...far most studies have been done with behavioral experiments. Using the event-related potential (ERP) and standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis (sLORETA), this study adopted the semantic priming paradigm to examine the role of executive control ability in L2 metaphor comprehension with different degrees of familiarity. The Stroop task was used to measure executive control ability and differentiate the two groups of participants who were presented with three types of word-pair expressions: familiar metaphoric expressions, unfamiliar metaphoric expressions and literal expressions. They were then asked to perform a semantic judgment task. Results revealed more negative amplitudes of N400 and P600 components in participants of low executive control compared with those of high executive control. Metaphor familiarity modulated N400 of both groups of high and low executive control, whereas it only affected P600 of participants of low executive control. sLORETA analysis of both N400 and P600 revealed stronger activation for the low versus high executive control group in the right superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus during low familiar metaphor comprehension. These results suggest that executive control plays a role in L2 metaphor comprehension, while it is modulated by metaphor familiarity.
•This study examined the executive control in second language (L2) metaphor comprehension.•Individuals with low executive control consumed more neural resources.•The effect of executive control diminished when metaphors are too familiar.•Familiarity of metaphor might be an indicator of the predication model.
•Offset-potentials are triggered by the termination of auditory events.•These display relatively low amplitudes compared with onset-potentials.•Using event-related-potential arithmetic, offset ...potentials may be isolated.•This technique may apply to other temporally precise events.
This paper presents a method for isolating time-dependent event-related potential (ERP) components which are superimposed on the gross ERP waveform. The experimental data that inspired this approach was recorded from the auditory cortex of conscious laboratory mice in response to presentation of ten different duration pure-tone auditory stimuli.
The grand-average ERP for each individual stimulus displayed a relatively low amplitude deflection following stimulus offset. In order to isolate this component for analysis, a series of simple arithmetic operations were performed, involving averaging of multiple stimuli ERPs and subtracting this from each individual ERP.
Offset potentials were isolated and quantified. Peak latency was determined by auditory stimulus duration; peak amplitude did not reach the threshold for statistical significance, over the range of durations tested.
To the best of my knowledge there are no alternative methods for isolating offset potentials from the gross ERP waveform at present. This novel approach may introduce less subjective bias to analyses than manually selecting measurement windows and performing custom baseline corrections.
A similar method may be applied to other human or non-human datasets to identify and characterize time-dependent sensory-cognitive processes obscured by gross waveform morphology.
Management software has gained an increasing preponderance over the years. Following that increased demand, as ERPs evolve and diversify, the characteristics and the correspondent needs of companies ...adopting them expanded significantly. To fulfill these needs, consulting companies in charge of implementing the ERP applications, resource to complex implementation processes. The value that consultants add to this implementation process comes from their experience and knowledge not only of the area of intervention and the specific characteristics of the software, but also from their experience in previous implementations in other projects. It is in this context, that transfer of knowledge between projects and consultants gains an increased importance.
Due to its ability to model all possible products of a software product line in a given context, Feature Model concept has been used in the ERP domain with the objective of reducing time and costs in ERP projects by mapping requirements to correspondent past configurations and customizations.
Using feature model and user stories methods, this work analyzes the development and implementation of a suggested ERP configuration methodology in a consulting company, aiming to improve the transfer of knowledge within projects and consultants. Following design research methods, the methodology developed was tested through an ERP implementation project.
Findings of this work include an easier traceability between requirements and features, reutilization of configurations between projects and improved uniformization regarding requirements elicitation process.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Compared to large enterprises, SMEs differ in a number of inherent characteristics, ...which are likely to impact the ERP system implementations. The purpose of this study is to explore these influences of the SME context on the ERP system implementation process. SME characteristics are synthesised from relevant literature and the influences of the contextual factors on various activities across the ERP life cycle are investigated. The study presents findings from a multiple case study of four SMEs. The ownership type of the companies and limited resources were identified as the most influential contextual factors. Among the ERP life-cycle phases, the implementation phase was affected most by the SME context. The case studies also illustrate the need for a more nuanced view on what should be considered general characteristics of SMEs; for example, regarding the level of IS knowledge, business processes, and market characteristics.
Improving the performance of ERP systems remains an important issue. This study examines ERP performance at the post-implementation stage, particularly from the perspective of managerial ...intervention. Specifically, we proposed that both customization and organizational mechanisms affect intermediate benefits (including coordination improvement and task efficiency), which in turn influence overall benefits. A firm-level survey was used to collect data. Our findings support the proposed hypotheses. We also provide implications for both managers and researchers.
ERP implementation projects are complex and expensive projects. Generally, the complexity is managed by splitting the project into phases. However, splitting the project into phases seems not to ...enhance the understanding of the underlying processes sufficiently. Therefore, this research aims at enhancing the understanding of these underlying processes through an expert-based taxonomy of implementation activities, independent of time and phasing. This taxonomy has been developed by retrieval of 205 ERP implementation activities from literature, a grouping of these activities by 11 ERP implementation experts, and a comparison with a previous similar study. The method used for grouping was Delphi card sorting that was supported by Websort (
https://www.optimalworkshop.com/optimalsort
) as a web-based card sorting tool. The proposed taxonomy provides a structured list of 205 identified activities and can serve as a base for further research into ERP implementation projects and can support the planning and resource allocation of ERP projects.
The human brain shows distinct lateralized activation patterns for a range of cognitive processes. One such function, which is thought to be lateralized to the right hemisphere (RH), is human face ...processing. Its importance for social communication and interaction has led to a plethora of studies investigating face processing in health and disease. Temporally highly resolved methods, like event-related potentials (ERPs), allow for a detailed characterization of different processing stages and their specific lateralization patterns. This systematic review aimed at disentangling some of the contradictory findings regarding the RH specialization in face processing focusing on ERP research in healthy participants. Two databases were searched for studies that investigated left and right electrodes while participants viewed (mostly neutral) facial stimuli. The included studies used a variety of different tasks, which ranged from passive viewing to memorizing faces. The final data selection highlights, that strongest lateralization to the RH was found for the N170, especially for right-handed young male participants. Left-handed, female, and older participants showed less consistent lateralization patterns. Other ERP components like the P1, P2, N2, P3, and the N400 were overall less clearly lateralized. The current review highlights that many of the assumed lateralization patterns are less clear than previously thought and that the variety of stimuli, tasks, and EEG setups used, might contribute to the ambiguous findings.
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