The foundations of orienting and attention are hypothesized to stem from activation of defensive and appetitive motivational systems that evolved to protect and sustain the life of the individual. ...Motivational activation initiates a cascade of perceptual and motor processes that facilitate the selection of appropriate behavior. Among these are detection of significance, indexed by a late centro‐parietal positivity in the event‐related potential, enhanced perceptual processing, indexed by a initial cardiac deceleration, and preparation for action, indexed by electrodermal changes. Data exploring the role of stimulus novelty and significance in orienting are presented that indicate different components of the orienting response habituate at different rates. Taken together, it is suggested that orienting is mediated by activation of fundamental motivational systems that have evolved to support survival.
•In what extent are psychopaths able to use their knowledge about error-commission?•Results about response-locked component of error monitoring are contradictory.•Such discrepancies can be resolved ...through the dimensional construct of psychopathy.•Meta-analysis result highlight rational of the dimensional construct of psychopathy.
Evidence suggests that psychopathic individuals display difficulties to adapt their behavior in accordance with the demands of the environment and show altered performance monitoring. Studies investigating the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error-positivity (Pe) as electrophysiological markers of error monitoring reported contradictory results for this population. To explain these discrepancies, we hypothesized that psychopathy dimensions influence electrophysiological outcomes. We predicted that individuals with impulsive-antisocial features would display abnormal ERN compared to individuals with interpersonal-affective features. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating ERN and Pe components were conducted. A factorial analysis was undertaken to investigate the role of psychopathy dimensions on ERN and Pe. Compared to controls, psychopathic individuals (n = 940) showed a reduced ERN and Pe amplitude. The factorial analysis indicates a dissociation regarding the construct of psychopathy. The models reported that psychopathic individuals related specifically to the interpersonal-affective dimension displayed normal ERN component and efficient error-monitoring, while psychopathic individuals with a marked impulsive-antisocial dimension display a decreased ERN component and altered performance monitoring.
Nowadays, the majority of the companies and organizations all around the world are highly depend on the HR module of the ERP system as a tool for supporting the HR departments, making it flexible to ...access other departments' specific employee data. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comparison study of the HR modules' of 3 major ERP systems SAP, Odoo, and Microsoft Dynamics AX, in order to provide a scientific approach for selection the best ERP solution by investigating all of the aspects of the HR module to the Missan Oil company in IRAQ.
Abstract
Prioritization of self-related information (e.g. self-face) may be driven by its extreme familiarity. Nevertheless, the findings of numerous behavioral studies reported a self-preference for ...initially unfamiliar information, arbitrarily associated with the self. In the current study, we investigated the neural underpinnings of extremely familiar stimuli (self-face, close-other’s face) and stimuli newly assigned to one’s own person and to a close-other (abstract shapes). Control conditions consisted of unknown faces and unknown abstract shapes. Reaction times (RTs) to the self-face were shorter than to close-other’s and unknown faces, whereas no RTs differences were observed for shapes. P3 amplitude to the self-face was larger than to close-other’s and unknown faces. Nonparametric cluster-based permutation tests showed significant clusters for the self-face vs. other (close-other’s, unknown) faces. However, in the case of shapes P3 amplitudes to the self-assigned shape and to the shape assigned to a close-other were similar, and both were larger than P3 to unknown shapes. No cluster was detected for the self-assigned shape when compared with the shape assigned to the close-other. Thus, our findings revealed preferential attentional processing of the self-face and the similar allocation of attentional resources to shapes assigned to the self and a close-other.
Since the early 2000s, several event-related potential studies have challenged the assumption that we always use syntactic contextual information to influence semantic processing of incoming words, ...as reflected by the N400 component. One approach for explaining these findings is to posit distinct semantic and syntactic processing mechanisms, each with distinct time courses. While this approach can explain specific datasets, it cannot account for the wider body of findings. I propose an alternative explanation: a dynamic generative framework in which our goal is to infer the underlying event that best explains the set of inputs encountered at any given time. Within this framework, combinations of semantic and syntactic cues with varying reliabilities are used as evidence to weight probabilistic hypotheses about this event. I further argue that the computational principles of this framework can be extended to understand how we infer situation models during discourse comprehension, and intended messages during spoken communication.
Episodic memory allows us to remember three main elements regarding an event: what (it is), where (it is in space), and when (it appears). The brain’s electrical activity signaling the occurrence of ...these processes has been studied separately, revealing different patterns of ERP components and changes in the EEG theta band amplitude. However, how these patterns signal the retrieval of the temporal and spatial contexts of the same episode is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ERP components and the EEG theta band in association to the retrieval of the what, where, and when of the same episode through a source memory task. Three types of trials were identified here: total retrieval (what, where, and when), spatial retrieval (what and where), and correct rejections (correctly identified as new items). Attentional components, N200 and P300, and theta band were sensitive to the amount of information retrieved from episodic memory. Total retrieval and spatial trials elicited higher mean amplitude of FN400 and LPC, familiarity and recollection markers, respectively, than correct rejections. Our results suggest that early attention mechanisms can discern the strength of retrieval; in turn, familiarity and recollection mechanisms participate in the retrieval of the main contexts of episodic memory, but not in a cumulative way.
•Event-related potentials are useful markers of episodic memory: the FN400 and the LPC•Retrieving the spatial and temporal context simultaneously evoked FN400•The LPC increases its amplitude with the retrieval of spatial and temporal contexts•Theta band indicated the amount of information retrieved from episodic memory•Early components suggest attentional participation of context retrieval
Today, great potential is envisaged for ERP systems in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and software vendors have been repackaging their ERP systems for SMEs with a recent focus on ...cloud-based systems. While cloud ERP offers the best solution for SMEs without the overheads of the huge investment and management costs that are associated with traditional ERP systems, the SME sector faces many challenges in their adoption. Traditional ERP studies have predominantly focused on large organizations, and gaps in the literature indicate that both vendor and consumer perspectives require more understanding with new technology offerings for SMEs. This paper describes some of the common challenges, such as cost effectiveness, alignment between software and business processes, customized governance and training, which form the major SME constraints for ERP system adoption. Due to the dynamic nature of SME businesses, best practice guidelines for an SME’s ERP implementation could be arrived at through closer investigation of its business requirements in order to avoid misfits. This forms the main objective of the study. We identify key success factors of ERP implementation in an Australian SME as a case study. These target success factors are then compared to the actual outcomes achieved. Factors such as business process alignment with the ERP system, meeting customer and stakeholder needs and reducing recurring and maintenance costs were key to the success of ERP implementation for the Australian SME. In particular, the IT and business strategy alignment with a customer focus and flexible reporting features of ERP systems has resulted in business agility.
Cloud enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are hosted services offering opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that often lack IT resources. Few studies have examined the ...adoption of cloud ERP systems in SMEs, specifically, from the perspective of cloud ERP vendors who are the domain experts. Drawing on vendors' perspectives in the New Zealand (NZ) context, this paper evaluates the influential characteristics for adopting cloud ERP systems in SMEs. The paper uses an integrative model combining the technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) framework with the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) based on individual dimension for a holistic evaluation. Findings reveal novel characteristics including system reliability and data security that influence adoption of cloud ERP. Further, benefits are identified such as reduced cost and time for deployment, increased scalability, and improved accessibility. The paper presents new insights that can help SME managers successfully adopt cloud ERP in their firms in addition to providing practical guidelines for adoption in NZ. The development of a theoretical model integrating TOE and UTAUT is a novel approach, substantially contributing to the body of knowledge.
The adjustment of national industrial structure is in urgent need of a large number of talents with innovative and application-oriented ability. For the major of financial management, enterprises ...need graduates with strong comprehensive ability. Therefore, many universities have started ERP sand table simulation training courses. This experiential teaching mode enables students to be involved in the operation of virtual enterprises. Through the research of ERP curriculum innovation system based on big data and information technology, this paper provides technical Suggestions for the optimization of ERP curriculum. This article first introduced the ERP course about the content and construction of ERP course system used in the algorithm, based on the theory, on the basis of our simulation has set up a platform of ERP teaching, and for two months in a university teaching experiment, the collection of the student for simulation platform of ERP teaching evaluation, the results showed that 83.2% of students satisfied with the innovation of the course. Through the study of this course, students can further master the skills of entrepreneurial team building, strengthen the concept of cost, and hone the sense of competition.
How to achieve a high-precision suicide attempt classifier based on the three-dimensional psychological pain model is a valuable issue in suicide research. The aim of the present study is to explore ...the importance of pain avoidance and its related neural features in suicide attempt classification models among patients with major depressive disorder. By recursive feature elimination with cross-validation and support-vector-machine algorithms, scores from the measurements and the task-based EEG signals were chosen to achieve a suicide attempt classification model. In the multimodal suicide attempt classifier with an accuracy of 83.91% and an area under the curve of 0.90, pain avoidance ranked as the top one in the optimal feature set. Theta (reward positive feedback minus neutral positive feedback) was the shared neural representation ranking as the top one of event-related potential features in pain avoidance and suicide attempt classifiers. In conclusion, the suicide attempt classifier based on pain avoidance and its related affective processing neural features has excellent accuracy among patients with major depressive disorder. Pain avoidance is a stable and strong indicator for identifying suicide risks in both traditional analyses and machine-learning approaches. A novel methodology is needed to clarify the relationship between cognitive and affective processing evoked by punishment stimuli and pain avoidance.
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